Agent is the semantic concept which is related both to subject and topic of the sentence but may be distinct from them. It has no clear scientific definition but usually easy to determine from meaning. Agent is one of arguments of verb (while another one called patient), the initiator, cause, source or “doer” of an action expressed by predicate. In majority of Indo-European languages agent matches the subject of the sentence in active voice ¹⁾. However, in passive voice agent is traditionally treated as the object of sentence ²⁾.

When agent of action is unknown or is some force of nature, dummy subjects like English “it” or “there” are not used in Nûrlâm in such case, and therefore the sentence is transformed into impersonal without changing the voice to passive, but it carries passive meaning.