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Questions

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General questions

General or polar questions require answering with “yes” (“akh”) or “no” (“nar”). They may be answered by repeating the statement from question in declarative form, especially when question contains double negative. To convert declarative sentence into general question interrogative mood is used. It is formed by adding prefix mar- to the verb. In contrast to English in Nûrlâm word order is not changed and auxiliary verbs like “do/does/did” are not used in general questions as they have a grammatical marker mar-.

Alternative questions

Alternative or choice questions are similar to general questions but answer requires selecting option(s) presented in question. Answer may be also like “all of them” (“ulûk” or simply “ûk”) or “none of them” (“narash” or just “nar”) or “both” (= “za agh zîg”, lit. “this and that”; = “zîg agh isk”, lit. “that and another”).

Disjunctive questions

Disjunctive or tag questions are formed with declarative sentence, but turned into interrogative by question particle (tag) “mar?” which may be translated into English as “right?”, “isn't it?” etc.

Special questions

Special or non-polar questions are formed with question words (interrogative pro-forms: pronouns and pro-adverbs) and require a full sentence to answer. Interrogative mood is not used because question words already contain question prefix m(a)-.

List of question words

English Nûrlâm Example
how marz
what mash
when mil
whence1) minah, minbo
where min
whether2) makon (any), mashkon (whatever, whichever)
which mai (who), mash (what)
whither3) minishi, minu
who mai, mash (what)
whom mai, mash (in any grammatical or marginal case except Nominative and Genitive)
whose maib, mashob
why mûr

Indirect questions

Indirect questions are subordinate clauses of declarative sentences. They are formed similar to special questions, but question words are replaced with their relative counterparts. Interrogative mood is not used. For example “I don't know where did he go” = “Danarîst amin ta ukhuz”4)

1)
“where … from”, source
2)
usually in alternative and indirect questions
3)
“where … to”, target, goal
4)
Nûrlâm do not use auxiliary verbs like “do/does/did”, so “did go” translates into “go.PST” = “ukhuz”
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