Wordlist: Verbs

This page will contain list of verbs not included into other categories or which may belong to several at once.

English Nûrlâm Part of speech Etymology Comments
accomplish kramp- v LOS;
compare with Quenya and Sindarin “car” < Etym. “KAR” 		use Perfective aspect (-ûk) to clarify meanings “to accomplish”, “carry out”, “execute”
act okt- v NL, merging “ok” with Primitive Elvish “okma” (an evil deed), Qenya “ohta-karo” (act of war); resemblance to English “act” is accidental or through Tolkien’s pun in QL
agitate pamp- v NL < Qenya “pampinë” (tremor, earthquake) (n), also Qenya “pal-” intransitive only, sound-imitating word
aid bhok- v NL < LOS “fhok” < SV “vok”; changed according to phonetical system of Nûrlâm with (semi-)coincidental resemblance to “bhog” (good) used with verb in infinitive; receiver of help is in dative case; object of aid (usually verbal noun) is in comitative case
arise tulg- v NL < LOS “tulk-” (to lift, raise) < SV stand up, rise from the dead, rise in rank
arrange srinkh- v LL (to gather)

NL suggests fictional proto-word “skrinkht” to connect “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” with Sindarin “critha-” (reap) < Etym. “KIRIK” (gather, collect, reap), Primitive Elvish “k'rikta-” 		to get together and sort; to gather in some order
ascend tulg- v NL < LOS “tulk-” (to lift, raise) < SV stand up, rise from the dead, rise in rank
assist bhok- v NL < LOS “fhok” < SV “vok”; changed according to phonetical system of Nûrlâm with (semi-)coincidental resemblance to “bhog” (good) used with verb in infinitive; receiver of help is in dative case; object of aid (usually verbal noun) is in comitative case
attempt tugl- v all major BS dialects < MB
avenge grûth- v NL < Gnomish “gruith” (deed of horror, vengeance)
avoid narl- v SV; probably from negative particle “nar” use with object in Ablative case
become thôl- v NL < merging Sindarin “tho”, Gnomish “tû” and Quenya “ol” transformation, changing the state of subject
behave okt- v NL, merging “ok” with Primitive Elvish “okma” (an evil deed), Qenya “ohta-karo” (act of war); resemblance to English “act” is accidental or through Tolkien’s pun in QL
bespot yarg- v NL < SV “jargz-” < MERP “jargza-”; compare with Scottish “yird”
betroth fir- v NL < Quenya “veru” (married pair) < Etym. “BES” (to wed); compare with Old English “fere” use with object in Comitative case
bless bhogh- v NL < HG “bhoghât-” < “bhog” (cf.)
bloat folg- v NL < Gnomish “polc” (fat) < Primitive Elvish “PULU” (to swell);
compare with LOS “folk-” (to hoard, stock)
block gukr- v all major dialects < MB
break shot- v NL < DS “shotag” < Etym. “SKAT” add “ri” as prefix or suffix to clarify meaning “interrupt”
burrow yarg- v NL < SV “jargz-” < MERP “jargza-”; compare with Scottish “yird”
bury yarg- v NL < SV “jargz-” < MERP “jargza-”; compare with Scottish “yird”
carry out kramp- v LOS;
compare with Quenya and Sindarin “car” < Etym. “KAR” 		use Perfective aspect (-ûk) to clarify meanings “to accomplish”, “carry out”, “execute”
cause tait- v NL, merging Gnomish “caith” and Quenya “tyar-” < Etym. “KYAR” (do, make, cause); compare with LOS “tûr-” of the same etymology
cease puzg- v LOS < Quenya “pusta” < Etym. “PUS” with suffix of partial aspect (“-âzh”) means “to suspend, postpone”
chain gain- v NL < LOS “gai-” < Quenya “Angainor”; modified according to Nûrlâm's rules
change bhad- v HG; compare with Gnomish “far(o)n” (separate, different, strange) and NL “bhan-” (depart) change the state or quality of object (not self) into another
classify srinkh- v LL (to gather)

NL suggests fictional proto-word “skrinkht” to connect “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” with Sindarin “critha-” (reap) < Etym. “KIRIK” (gather, collect, reap), Primitive Elvish “k'rikta-” 		to get together and sort; to gather in some order
clean thig- v NL < LOS “thag-” < SV, MERP < Albanian “thaj” (to dry); changed to avoid ambiguity with HORN (“ten”) and DS (“more”) and get rid of Albanian cognate;
compare with Gnomish “thisc” (adj), “thista-”, “suitha-” (v);
see also “thizg” 		clean dry
close gukr- v all major dialects < MB
come to pass ghugsh- v SV, HG < MB “gûg”
compel ikh- v LOS see also “durb-”
conceal fauth- v EL, all major dialects (to lie hidden) intransitive
confuse girz- v HG
connect gaid- v NL, merging LOS “gai” (chain) with NL “gint-” (add) with Gnomish “gada” (to join, connect, unite) < Etym. “YAT”, roots “ẎATA”, “YAN” [2] usually reflexive
correspond (to) mbursh- v LOS < MB (n) use with object in comitative case
count in drohik- v NL, see “dro”, “hik” to add to set, list;
indirect object in Illative case
cover lâz- v LOS < MB
damage rul- v LOS (damage, harm) part of body or inanimate object - with Accusative case; person - in Dative case
discover badz- v LOS < HG; probably from Early Quenya “patsima” (wide open, adj.)
do kramp- v LOS;
compare with Quenya and Sindarin “car” < Etym. “KAR” 		use Perfective aspect (-ûk) to clarify meanings “to accomplish”, “carry out”, “execute”
dwell fulg- v LOS (RE) < Valarin “phelûn” (dwelling)
ease largh- v NL, merging HG “lagh-” (to lighten weight) with Quenya “lerya” (to release, set free, let go); both probably from Etym. “LEK” to reduce weight, pressure; often used figuratively;

indirect object should be in ablative case
enchain gain- v NL < LOS “gai-” < Quenya “Angainor”; modified according to Nûrlâm's rules
endeavour rîth- v NL < Sindarin “raitha”, “reitha” < root “RIK”
endeavour tugl- v all major BS dialects < MB
err saug- v NL < Summoning “szaug-” < LOS “zaug” (debt, fault, blame) < SV be wrong, be mistaken; be at fault
eschew narl- v SV; probably from negative particle “nar” use with object in Ablative case
exclude rihik- v NL, see “ri”, “hik” to remove from set, list;
indirect object in Ellative case
execute kramp- v LOS;
compare with Quenya and Sindarin “car” < Etym. “KAR” 		use Perfective aspect (-ûk) to clarify meanings “to accomplish”, “carry out”, “execute”
exercise tail- v LOS < MB < Quenya “tyal-”
fail saug- v NL < Summoning “szaug-” < LOS “zaug” (debt, fault, blame) < SV be wrong, be mistaken; be at fault
fill up dhîl- v NL < Noldorin “dîl” fill up hole
fit mbursh- v LOS < MB (n) use with object in comitative case
force ikh- v LOS see also “durb-”
fullfill kramp- v LOS;
compare with Quenya and Sindarin “car” < Etym. “KAR” 		use Perfective aspect (-ûk) to clarify meanings “to accomplish”, “carry out”, “execute”
garble girz- v HG
gather srinkh- v LL (to gather)

NL suggests fictional proto-word “skrinkht” to connect “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” with Sindarin “critha-” (reap) < Etym. “KIRIK” (gather, collect, reap), Primitive Elvish “k'rikta-” 		to get together and sort; to gather in some order
get thôl- v NL < merging Sindarin “tho”, Gnomish “tû” and Quenya “ol” transformation, changing the state of subject
get up tulg- v NL < LOS “tulk-” (to lift, raise) < SV stand up, rise from the dead, rise in rank
group srinkh- v LL (to gather)

NL suggests fictional proto-word “skrinkht” to connect “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” with Sindarin “critha-” (reap) < Etym. “KIRIK” (gather, collect, reap), Primitive Elvish “k'rikta-” 		to get together and sort; to gather in some order
halt puzg- v LOS < Quenya “pusta” < Etym. “PUS” with suffix of partial aspect (“-âzh”) means “to suspend, postpone”
happen ghugsh- v SV, HG < MB “gûg”
harm rul- v LOS (damage, harm) part of body or inanimate object - with Accusative case; person - in Dative case
help bhok- v NL < LOS “fhok” < SV “vok”; changed according to phonetical system of Nûrlâm with (semi-)coincidental resemblance to “bhog” (good) used with verb in infinitive; receiver of help is in dative case; object of aid (usually verbal noun) is in comitative case
hide (self) fauth- v EL, all major dialects (to lie hidden) intransitive
hide (smth.) shkal- v NL < Etym. “SKAL” [1] (screen, hide from light) transitive
hurt rul- v LOS (damage, harm) part of body or inanimate object - with Accusative case; person - in Dative case
idle frût- v NL, merging LOS “frûz” (lazy) with NL “puzt-” (to rest) to work slow or bad; imitate work; do nothing at work; sabotage
imitate sizd- v NL < Qenya “sesta” (to liken, compare, make like, model on, assimilate, imitate); compare with NL “si” (cf.)
include drohik- v NL, see “dro”, “hik” to add to set, list;
indirect object in Illative case
injure rul- v LOS (damage, harm) part of body or inanimate object - with Accusative case; person - in Dative case
interfere rithruth- v NL, “ri-” (between) + “thruth-” (to stick) (see corresponding articles) used with objects in Illative or Comitative case
interrupt shot- v NL < DS “shotag” < Etym. “SKAT” add “ri” as prefix or suffix to clarify meaning “interrupt”
jam gukr- v all major dialects < MB
join gaid- v NL, merging LOS “gai” (chain) with NL “gint-” (add) with Gnomish “gada” (to join, connect, unite) < Etym. “YAT”, roots “ẎATA”, “YAN” [2] usually reflexive
keep (self) off narl- v SV; probably from negative particle “nar” use with object in Ablative case
keep away off narl- v SV; probably from negative particle “nar” use with object in Ablative case
keep distance narl- v SV; probably from negative particle “nar” use with object in Ablative case
larn grûst- v NL, merging “grûth-” with “gust-”; see corresponding articles
lay kât- v LOS (lie down) < Quenya “caita” < Etym. “KAY”;
compare with “gaith-”, “khad”, “khâr”, “khau”, “kîf”
lazy frût- v NL, merging LOS “frûz” (lazy) with NL “puzt-” (to rest) to work slow or bad; imitate work; do nothing at work; sabotage
lenify largh- v NL, merging HG “lagh-” (to lighten weight) with Quenya “lerya” (to release, set free, let go); both probably from Etym. “LEK” to reduce weight, pressure; often used figuratively;

indirect object should be in ablative case
lie (down, on side, in bed) kât- v LOS (lie down) < Quenya “caita” < Etym. “KAY”;
compare with “gaith-”, “khad”, “khâr”, “khau”, “kîf”
lie hidden fauth- v EL, all major dialects (to lie hidden) intransitive
lighten largh- v NL, merging HG “lagh-” (to lighten weight) with Quenya “lerya” (to release, set free, let go); both probably from Etym. “LEK” to reduce weight, pressure; often used figuratively;

indirect object should be in ablative case
lock gukr- v all major dialects < MB
lurk fauth- v EL, all major dialects (to lie hidden) intransitive
make kramp- v LOS;
compare with Quenya and Sindarin “car” < Etym. “KAR” 		use Perfective aspect (-ûk) to clarify meanings “to accomplish”, “carry out”, “execute”
make (to do smth.) ikh- v LOS see also “durb-”
make like sizd- v NL < Qenya “sesta” (to liken, compare, make like, model on, assimilate, imitate); compare with NL “si” (cf.)
match mbursh- v LOS < MB (n) use with object in comitative case
mate fir- v NL < Quenya “veru” (married pair) < Etym. “BES” (to wed); compare with Old English “fere” use with object in Comitative case
meddle rithruth- v NL, “ri-” (between) + “thruth-” (to stick) (see corresponding articles) used with objects in Illative or Comitative case
mess girz- v HG
mimic sizd- v NL < Qenya “sesta” (to liken, compare, make like, model on, assimilate, imitate); compare with NL “si” (cf.)
mistake saug- v NL < Summoning “szaug-” < LOS “zaug” (debt, fault, blame) < SV be wrong, be mistaken; be at fault
model sizd- v NL < Qenya “sesta” (to liken, compare, make like, model on, assimilate, imitate); compare with NL “si” (cf.)
mop (up) thig- v NL < LOS “thag-” < SV, MERP < Albanian “thaj” (to dry); changed to avoid ambiguity with HORN (“ten”) and DS (“more”) and get rid of Albanian cognate;
compare with Gnomish “thisc” (adj), “thista-”, “suitha-” (v);
see also “thizg” 		clean dry
occur ghugsh- v SV, HG < MB “gûg”
omit rihik- v NL, see “ri”, “hik” to remove from set, list;
indirect object in Ellative case
open badz- v LOS < HG; probably from Early Quenya “patsima” (wide open, adj.)
order srinkh- v LL (to gather)

NL suggests fictional proto-word “skrinkht” to connect “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” with Sindarin “critha-” (reap) < Etym. “KIRIK” (gather, collect, reap), Primitive Elvish “k'rikta-” 		to get together and sort; to gather in some order
organize srinkh- v LL (to gather)

NL suggests fictional proto-word “skrinkht” to connect “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” with Sindarin “critha-” (reap) < Etym. “KIRIK” (gather, collect, reap), Primitive Elvish “k'rikta-” 		to get together and sort; to gather in some order
perform kramp- v LOS;
compare with Quenya and Sindarin “car” < Etym. “KAR” 		use Perfective aspect (-ûk) to clarify meanings “to accomplish”, “carry out”, “execute”
play tail- v LOS < MB < Quenya “tyal-”
postpone puzg- v LOS < Quenya “pusta” < Etym. “PUS” with suffix of partial aspect (“-âzh”) means “to suspend, postpone”
practice tail- v LOS < MB < Quenya “tyal-”
put effort rîth- v NL < Sindarin “raitha”, “reitha” < root “RIK”
quake pamp- v NL < Qenya “pampinë” (tremor, earthquake) (n), also Qenya “pal-” intransitive only, sound-imitating word
rally gaid- v NL, merging LOS “gai” (chain) with NL “gint-” (add) with Gnomish “gada” (to join, connect, unite) < Etym. “YAT”, roots “ẎATA”, “YAN” [2] usually reflexive
recline kât- v LOS (lie down) < Quenya “caita” < Etym. “KAY”;
compare with “gaith-”, “khad”, “khâr”, “khau”, “kîf”
release largh- v NL, merging HG “lagh-” (to lighten weight) with Quenya “lerya” (to release, set free, let go); both probably from Etym. “LEK” to reduce weight, pressure; often used figuratively;

indirect object should be in ablative case
relieve largh- v NL, merging HG “lagh-” (to lighten weight) with Quenya “lerya” (to release, set free, let go); both probably from Etym. “LEK” to reduce weight, pressure; often used figuratively;

indirect object should be in ablative case
remain irn- v NL < Qenya “erin” (v) (remains), however “-in” in Qenya is 3rd person suffix (changed to 1st person in later Quenya) also “left” (as in “no more … left”)
rescue bharn- v NL < Quenya “varna” (safe, protected, secure) < Primitive Elvish “barnā” < Etym. “BAR”
rest kât- v LOS (lie down) < Quenya “caita” < Etym. “KAY”;
compare with “gaith-”, “khad”, “khâr”, “khau”, “kîf”
retaliate grûth- v NL < Gnomish “gruith” (deed of horror, vengeance)
retaliate against grûst- v NL, merging “grûth-” with “gust-”; see corresponding articles
reveal badz- v LOS < HG; probably from Early Quenya “patsima” (wide open, adj.)
revenge grûth- v NL < Gnomish “gruith” (deed of horror, vengeance)
rise tulg- v NL < LOS “tulk-” (to lift, raise) < SV stand up, rise from the dead, rise in rank
salvage bharn- v NL < Quenya “varna” (safe, protected, secure) < Primitive Elvish “barnā” < Etym. “BAR”
salve bharn- v NL < Quenya “varna” (safe, protected, secure) < Primitive Elvish “barnā” < Etym. “BAR”
save bharn- v NL < Quenya “varna” (safe, protected, secure) < Primitive Elvish “barnā” < Etym. “BAR”
shake pamp- v NL < Qenya “pampinë” (tremor, earthquake) (n), also Qenya “pal-” intransitive only, sound-imitating word
shirk frût- v NL, merging LOS “frûz” (lazy) with NL “puzt-” (to rest) to work slow or bad; imitate work; do nothing at work; sabotage
shut gukr- v all major dialects < MB
sit (up, down) duz- v LOS < HG
skulk fauth- v EL, all major dialects (to lie hidden) intransitive
smile borb- v EH < Qenya “miri”
sort srinkh- v LL (to gather)

NL suggests fictional proto-word “skrinkht” to connect “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” with Sindarin “critha-” (reap) < Etym. “KIRIK” (gather, collect, reap), Primitive Elvish “k'rikta-” 		to get together and sort; to gather in some order
stand (upright, be erected) bin- v NL < Etym. “MINI” (stand alone) about state, not about action (see “talg-” or “tulg-” instead)
stand up tulg- v NL < LOS “tulk-” (to lift, raise) < SV stand up, rise from the dead, rise in rank
stay irn- v NL < Qenya “erin” (v) (remains), however “-in” in Qenya is 3rd person suffix (changed to 1st person in later Quenya) also “left” (as in “no more … left”)
stay away narl- v SV; probably from negative particle “nar” use with object in Ablative case
stick gukr- v all major dialects < MB
stick nose (into) rithruth- v NL, “ri-” (between) + “thruth-” (to stick) (see corresponding articles) used with objects in Illative or Comitative case
stomp badh- v NL < Noldorin “batha-” < Etym. “BAT”
stop puzg- v LOS < Quenya “pusta” < Etym. “PUS” with suffix of partial aspect (“-âzh”) means “to suspend, postpone”
stop up dhîl- v NL < Noldorin “dîl” fill up hole
stopple dhîl- v NL < Noldorin “dîl” fill up hole
strive rîth- v NL < Sindarin “raitha”, “reitha” < root “RIK”
stuff dhîl- v NL < Noldorin “dîl” fill up hole
suspend puzg- v LOS < Quenya “pusta” < Etym. “PUS” with suffix of partial aspect (“-âzh”) means “to suspend, postpone”
swell folg- v NL < Gnomish “polc” (fat) < Primitive Elvish “PULU” (to swell);
compare with LOS “folk-” (to hoard, stock)
teach (a lesson) grûst- v NL, merging “grûth-” with “gust-”; see corresponding articles
tire kûbr- v HG active — tire smb. else, passive + noun in Genitive or Instrumental case — be tired of
train tail- v LOS < MB < Quenya “tyal-”
tramp badh- v NL < Noldorin “batha-” < Etym. “BAT”
trample badh- v NL < Noldorin “batha-” < Etym. “BAT”
transform bhad- v HG; compare with Gnomish “far(o)n” (separate, different, strange) and NL “bhan-” (depart) change the state or quality of object (not self) into another
tread badh- v NL < Noldorin “batha-” < Etym. “BAT”
tremble pamp- v NL < Qenya “pampinë” (tremor, earthquake) (n), also Qenya “pal-” intransitive only, sound-imitating word
tremor pamp- v NL < Qenya “pampinë” (tremor, earthquake) (n), also Qenya “pal-” intransitive only, sound-imitating word
try rîth- v NL < Sindarin “raitha”, “reitha” < root “RIK”
try tugl- v all major BS dialects < MB
turn (into) bhad- v HG; compare with Gnomish “far(o)n” (separate, different, strange) and NL “bhan-” (depart) change the state or quality of object (not self) into another
uncover badz- v LOS < HG; probably from Early Quenya “patsima” (wide open, adj.)
unify gaid- v NL, merging LOS “gai” (chain) with NL “gint-” (add) with Gnomish “gada” (to join, connect, unite) < Etym. “YAT”, roots “ẎATA”, “YAN” [2] usually reflexive
unite gaid- v NL, merging LOS “gai” (chain) with NL “gint-” (add) with Gnomish “gada” (to join, connect, unite) < Etym. “YAT”, roots “ẎATA”, “YAN” [2] usually reflexive
vary bhad- v HG; compare with Gnomish “far(o)n” (separate, different, strange) and NL “bhan-” (depart) change the state or quality of object (not self) into another
vibrate pamp- v NL < Qenya “pampinë” (tremor, earthquake) (n), also Qenya “pal-” intransitive only, sound-imitating word
violate shot- v NL < DS “shotag” < Etym. “SKAT” add “ri” as prefix or suffix to clarify meaning “interrupt”
wait hidden fauth- v EL, all major dialects (to lie hidden) intransitive
wed fir- v NL < Quenya “veru” (married pair) < Etym. “BES” (to wed); compare with Old English “fere” use with object in Comitative case
wipe thig- v NL < LOS “thag-” < SV, MERP < Albanian “thaj” (to dry); changed to avoid ambiguity with HORN (“ten”) and DS (“more”) and get rid of Albanian cognate;
compare with Gnomish “thisc” (adj), “thista-”, “suitha-” (v);
see also “thizg” 		clean dry
wound rul- v LOS (damage, harm) part of body or inanimate object - with Accusative case; person - in Dative case

See also

A lot of verbs contained in following categories: