Wordlist: Directions

This page will contain list of words for directions of movement. Some of these words may be also related to distance.

English Nûrlâm Part of speech Etymology Comments
(far) away baubarz adv HG “baub” (cf.) only as standalone adverb
(to the) inside ishi postp TK, CBS, LOTR, RI;
Quenya locative case ending “-ssë” 		Illative case suffix. Motion inside place or object
above ghu adv NL < DS “ghûr-” (BS, to rise), “ghûr” (SOW, tall) < Sindarin PN “Belegûr” (Mighty Arising), translation of name Melkor, however it should be splitted as “beleg” + “ōre” < Etym. “ORO” (up, high, rise), “RŌ” (to rise); modified in analogy with HG “dhu” (down) use this only as standalone adverb; see “tala” for preposition, see “talm” for standard variant
above tala prep EL;
? probably from Etym. “TÂ, TAGH-” (high, lofty) or “TALAM” (floor, base) or “DAL” (flat) 		use with objects in accusative case
across as postp LOS use with object in accusative case
afar baubarz adv HG “baub” (cf.) only as standalone adverb
after (place) it postp, adv LOS use with objects in genitive case; may be replaced with “krûm”
ahead dro adv, prefix NL < Gnomish “nodro” (further, forward) or LOS “ord” (forward) < HG written reversed only as standalone adverb or prefix; see “drom” (n) for directional phrases
similar to English “on” in phrasal verbs like “keep on”, “come on”, “go on”
align gaith- (…) ting-ishi expr lit. “to put in line, row”; see “gaith-”, “ting”, “ishi”
align ting- v NL < Noldorin “tî” < Etym. “TEÑ” (line, row)
along odh postp, adv HG
along ulmakh prep, adv SV not recommended, use “as” instead;
use with objects in accusative case
alongside odh postp, adv HG
alongside ulmakh prep, adv SV not recommended, use “as” instead;
use with objects in accusative case
amidst ri postp LOS intrative case suffix
among ri postp LOS intrative case suffix
amongst ri postp LOS intrative case suffix
anterior dromûrz adj NL < “drom” < “dro” use superlative form to clarify meanings like “foremost”, “headmost”
anywhere inkon pro NL, see “in” and “kon”
apex maizg n NL, merging MERP “maj” (top) < Albanian with Qenya “aikale”, “aikasse”, Noldorin “oegas”, “aiglir” (mountain peak) < Etym. “AYAK” (sharp); compare with “maig” upper point of mountain, structure
around (place) kurn postp LOS < Quenya “corna” (round, adj.) < Etym. “KOR” use with objects in accusative case;
add suffix “-arz” to transform into adverb
as far as zash baubarz zash expr see “zash”, “baub”
at ir postp LOS adessive case suffix; denotes static presence at/on surface;
not about time
at or postp LOS Inessive case suffix, static presence; only about space in Standard Nûrlâm; in colloquial speech preposition “shi” is used
at r postp LOS “ir”, “or” adessive or inessive case suffix after vowel in colloquial speech; denotes static presence at or inside object
at shi prep LOS only about exact time in Standard Nûrlâm, may refer to place in colloquial speech
at zir postp LOS “ir” adessive case suffix after vowel; denotes static presence at/on surface
at zor postp LOS “or” Inessive case suffix after vowel, static presence
atop tala prep EL;
? probably from Etym. “TÂ, TAGH-” (high, lofty) or “TALAM” (floor, base) or “DAL” (flat) 		use with objects in accusative case
away from bo postp LOS < HG ablative case suffix; denotes motion from surface
awayness baub n HG (prep) use locative cases to express directions; see also “gâb”
back krûmûrz adj NL, see “krûm” use superlative suffix to clarify meanings like “rearmost”, “sternmost”
back (part, side) krûm n NL < LOS “krum”, changed to avoid ambiguity with suffix “-um”; see also “krut” use locative cases to express directions
backward krûmûrz adj NL, see “krûm” use superlative suffix to clarify meanings like “rearmost”, “sternmost”
before (place) ik postp LOS use with objects in genitive case; may be replaced with noun “drom”
behind it postp, adv LOS use with objects in genitive case; may be replaced with “krûm”
below lata prep EL, the word “tala” reversed or Etym. “LAD”, “LAT” (flat) use with objects in accusative case
beneath lata prep EL, the word “tala” reversed or Etym. “LAD”, “LAT” (flat) use with objects in accusative case
between ri postp LOS intrative case suffix
beyond ithu prep NL, merging LOS “it” + LOS “thu” + HG “izu” use with objects in genitive case
border shak n ZA;
compare with Sindarin “taeg” (boundary, limit) < Primitive Elvish “taika”
bottom latr n NL < EL “lata” (under); also Etym. “LAT”, “LAD”, Primitive Elvish “lařa”, root “LAÐA” all meaning “open”, “wide” use locative cases with this word to express directions and positions
by (place) odh postp, adv HG
by the way iskri conj, pro see “isk”, “ri” literally “between the other things”
by the way mush mûlu expr see “mush”, “mûl”
by the way mûlarz adv see “mush”, “mûl” literally “roadly”
center nod n NL < Quenya “endë”, Sindarin “enedh”, “enaid”, Noldorin “ened” < Etym. “ÉNED”, “NÉD”
centre nod n NL < Quenya “endë”, Sindarin “enedh”, “enaid”, Noldorin “ened” < Etym. “ÉNED”, “NÉD”
chain (of events, people) hîlurm n NL, see “hîl-”
climb (down) dhut- v NL, merging HG “dhu” (downward) with Quenya “núya” (to descend), “núta” (to lower) < Etym. “NDU” move down on ground, in air, but not in water
close mûsh adj NL, see “mush”, revert to original SV word
closeness mush n LOS (“nearly”) < MB, SV “mûsh” (close, next to, near, at) use locative cases to express directions
column shalg n NL, merging LOS “shalk”< SV with ZA “shak” (line); probably related to TK DBS “sha”;
compare with ZA “shâlkshur” (line-up, formation, arrangement) 		a line of people
come down dhut- v NL, merging HG “dhu” (downward) with Quenya “núya” (to descend), “núta” (to lower) < Etym. “NDU” move down on ground, in air, but not in water
consecution hîlurm n NL, see “hîl-”
core nod n NL < Quenya “endë”, Sindarin “enedh”, “enaid”, Noldorin “ened” < Etym. “ÉNED”, “NÉD”
descend dhut- v NL, merging HG “dhu” (downward) with Quenya “núya” (to descend), “núta” (to lower) < Etym. “NDU” move down on ground, in air, but not in water
disperse bûsn- v SV to move smth./self onto all directions, over huge area, etc.

двигать(ся) в разные стороны, по большой территории и т. п.
distant baubûrz adj HG “baub” (cf.)
down dhu adv HG (downward); compare with Etym. “NDU” (go down, sink) from which PN “Númenór” came (sink > sunset > West > West-land), also “NŪ”, “UNU” (down, underneath) use this only as standalone adverb;
see “lata” for preposition, see “latr” for standard variant
down (side) latr n NL < EL “lata” (under); also Etym. “LAT”, “LAD”, Primitive Elvish “lařa”, root “LAÐA” all meaning “open”, “wide” use locative cases with this word to express directions and positions
downwards dhu adv HG (downward); compare with Etym. “NDU” (go down, sink) from which PN “Númenór” came (sink > sunset > West > West-land), also “NŪ”, “UNU” (down, underneath) use this only as standalone adverb;
see “lata” for preposition, see “latr” for standard variant
East ghânsh n LOS < HG “ghân”, probably to make connection with “ghâsh” (fire, heat) of the Sun uncountable;
use Allative case in expressions of directions like “go East”
elsewhere inisk pro NL, see “in” and “isk”
enclosure lût n LOS (“out of”) use locative cases to express directions
end nau n LOS
everywhere inûgh pro NL, see “in” and “ûgh”
exterior lût n LOS (“out of”) use locative cases to express directions
far baubûrz adj HG “baub” (cf.)
far (away) baubarz adv HG “baub” (cf.) only as standalone adverb
far (from) baub postp HG use with nouns in Ablative; see “baub” (n) for preferrable variant of expressing directions
farness baub n HG (prep) use locative cases to express directions; see also “gâb”
file (of people) shalg n NL, merging LOS “shalk”< SV with ZA “shak” (line); probably related to TK DBS “sha”;
compare with ZA “shâlkshur” (line-up, formation, arrangement) 		a line of people
flank ramb n ZA
follow hîl- v LOS < Quenya “hilya” < Etym. “KHIL”;
probably Tolkien's pun on English “heel”
footprint rîn n NL < Noldorin “rhein”, Quenya “runya”
fore dromûrz adj NL < “drom” < “dro” use superlative form to clarify meanings like “foremost”, “headmost”
fore- dro adv, prefix NL < Gnomish “nodro” (further, forward) or LOS “ord” (forward) < HG written reversed only as standalone adverb or prefix; see “drom” (n) for directional phrases
similar to English “on” in phrasal verbs like “keep on”, “come on”, “go on”
foremost dromûrz adj NL < “drom” < “dro” use superlative form to clarify meanings like “foremost”, “headmost”
forepart drom n NL, see “dro” use locative cases to express directions
forth dro adv, prefix NL < Gnomish “nodro” (further, forward) or LOS “ord” (forward) < HG written reversed only as standalone adverb or prefix; see “drom” (n) for directional phrases
similar to English “on” in phrasal verbs like “keep on”, “come on”, “go on”
forward dro adv, prefix NL < Gnomish “nodro” (further, forward) or LOS “ord” (forward) < HG written reversed only as standalone adverb or prefix; see “drom” (n) for directional phrases
similar to English “on” in phrasal verbs like “keep on”, “come on”, “go on”
forward dromûrz adj NL < “drom” < “dro” use superlative form to clarify meanings like “foremost”, “headmost”
from (bottom to top) ah postp NL < HG prefix “ah-” (he of, he from) elative case suffix; denotes motion from inside
from (bottom to top) zah postp NL < HG prefix “ah-” (he of, he from) elative case suffix after vowel; denotes motion from inside
from (top to bottom) bo postp LOS < HG ablative case suffix; denotes motion from surface
from inside ah postp NL < HG prefix “ah-” (he of, he from) elative case suffix; denotes motion from inside
from inside zah postp NL < HG prefix “ah-” (he of, he from) elative case suffix after vowel; denotes motion from inside
from outside of bo postp LOS < HG ablative case suffix; denotes motion from surface
from that (place) zîginah pro NL < “zîg” + “in” + “ah” (see corresponding articles) only about location
from that (time) zîgilah pro NL < “zîg” + “in” + “ah” (see corresponding articles) only about time; in Modern analytical style should be replaced with “lazil” or “ghâr zîgil”
from there zîginah pro NL < “zîg” + “in” + “ah” (see corresponding articles) only about location
from this place zinah pro NL < “za” + “in” + “ah” (see corresponding articles) only about direction
from where aminah pro NL, see “amin”, “ah” 1) after location
2) between action and result
3) between reason and consequences
front dromûrz adj NL < “drom” < “dro” use superlative form to clarify meanings like “foremost”, “headmost”
front (side) drom n NL, see “dro” use locative cases to express directions
frontal dromûrz adj NL < “drom” < “dro” use superlative form to clarify meanings like “foremost”, “headmost”
go down dhut- v NL, merging HG “dhu” (downward) with Quenya “núya” (to descend), “núta” (to lower) < Etym. “NDU” move down on ground, in air, but not in water
headmost dromûrz adj NL < “drom” < “dro” use superlative form to clarify meanings like “foremost”, “headmost”
heart (not literally) nod n NL < Quenya “endë”, Sindarin “enedh”, “enaid”, Noldorin “ened” < Etym. “ÉNED”, “NÉD”
heel hîl- v LOS < Quenya “hilya” < Etym. “KHIL”;
probably Tolkien's pun on English “heel”
hence zinah pro NL < “za” + “in” + “ah” (see corresponding articles) only about direction
here pot pro SV, also “pôt-” (to come) dialectical, only in Colloquial speech (“zin” in Standard language)
here zin pro NL < “za” + “in” (see corresponding articles)
hereto zinu pro NL < “za” + “in” + “u” (see corresponding articles) only about direction
hind krûm n NL < LOS “krum”, changed to avoid ambiguity with suffix “-um”; see also “krut” use locative cases to express directions
hind krûmûrz adj NL, see “krûm” use superlative suffix to clarify meanings like “rearmost”, “sternmost”
hither zinu pro NL < “za” + “in” + “u” (see corresponding articles) only about direction
in ishi postp TK, CBS, LOTR, RI;
Quenya locative case ending “-ssë” 		Illative case suffix. Motion inside place or object
in or postp LOS Inessive case suffix, static presence; only about space in Standard Nûrlâm; in colloquial speech preposition “shi” is used
in r postp LOS “ir”, “or” adessive or inessive case suffix after vowel in colloquial speech; denotes static presence at or inside object
in shi postp see “ishi” Illative case suffix after vowel. Motion inside place, object or static presence inside one place
in shi prep LOS only about exact time in Standard Nûrlâm, may refer to place in colloquial speech
in zor postp LOS “or” Inessive case suffix after vowel, static presence
in front of ik postp LOS use with objects in genitive case; may be replaced with noun “drom”
incidentally mush mûlu expr see “mush”, “mûl”
incidentally mûlarz adv see “mush”, “mûl” literally “roadly”
inside nâd n NL, merging MERP “nâdar” (adv) < Albanian with Primitive Elvish “ndē̆” (inside) < Etym. (AC) “(N)DI”;
see also “nod” 		in expressions “from inside” (with Ablative case, = “nâdbo”), “to the inside” (with Allative case, = “nâdu”), “at the inside” (with Inessive case, = ”nâdor”); may be replaced with one of these cases;
uncountable
inside nâd adv, postp NL, merging MERP “nâdar” (amongst) < Albanian with Primitive Elvish “ndē̆” (inside) < Etym. (AC) “(N)DI”;
see also “nod” 		used standalone as adverb or with objects in inessive or genitive case;
may be replaced with just inessive case (preferable);
expressions like “to the inside” and “from inside” are translated with just Illative and Elative cases correspondingly
inside shi postp see “ishi” Illative case suffix after vowel. Motion inside place, object or static presence inside one place
interior nâd n NL, merging MERP “nâdar” (adv) < Albanian with Primitive Elvish “ndē̆” (inside) < Etym. (AC) “(N)DI”;
see also “nod” 		in expressions “from inside” (with Ablative case, = “nâdbo”), “to the inside” (with Allative case, = “nâdu”), “at the inside” (with Inessive case, = ”nâdor”); may be replaced with one of these cases;
uncountable
into ishi postp TK, CBS, LOTR, RI;
Quenya locative case ending “-ssë” 		Illative case suffix. Motion inside place or object
into shi postp see “ishi” Illative case suffix after vowel. Motion inside place, object or static presence inside one place
inwards ishi postp TK, CBS, LOTR, RI;
Quenya locative case ending “-ssë” 		Illative case suffix. Motion inside place or object
inwards nâd adv, postp NL, merging MERP “nâdar” (amongst) < Albanian with Primitive Elvish “ndē̆” (inside) < Etym. (AC) “(N)DI”;
see also “nod” 		used standalone as adverb or with objects in inessive or genitive case;
may be replaced with just inessive case (preferable);
expressions like “to the inside” and “from inside” are translated with just Illative and Elative cases correspondingly
inwards shi postp see “ishi” Illative case suffix after vowel. Motion inside place, object or static presence inside one place
knap maizg n NL, merging MERP “maj” (top) < Albanian with Qenya “aikale”, “aikasse”, Noldorin “oegas”, “aiglir” (mountain peak) < Etym. “AYAK” (sharp); compare with “maig” upper point of mountain, structure
left (side) farkh n LOS (adj) < SV “varch” add -ûrz suffix to transform into adjective; use locative cases with noun to make it adverbial
line shak n ZA;
compare with Sindarin “taeg” (boundary, limit) < Primitive Elvish “taika”
line ting n NL < Noldorin “tî” < Etym. “TEÑ” (line, row)
line up ting- v NL < Noldorin “tî” < Etym. “TEÑ” (line, row)
line(up) shalg n NL, merging LOS “shalk”< SV with ZA “shak” (line); probably related to TK DBS “sha”;
compare with ZA “shâlkshur” (line-up, formation, arrangement) 		a line of people
lineup hîlurm n NL, see “hîl-”
local area hof n NL, merging Sindarin “ephel” (outer fence, surrounding ring) < Noldorin “hebel” (fence) < Gnomish “heb” (around, about) with AO “oth” interpretated as “about, around” < Etym. “OS” any territory in close proximity, not necessary outside the borders like “outskirts” or “suburb”;
uncountable
location sazg n NL, merging Sindarin “sad” (place, spot) with LOS “stazg”< SV < Icelandic “staður”?
lower dhut- v NL, merging HG “dhu” (downward) with Quenya “núya” (to descend), “núta” (to lower) < Etym. “NDU” move down on ground, in air, but not in water
middle nod n NL < Quenya “endë”, Sindarin “enedh”, “enaid”, Noldorin “ened” < Etym. “ÉNED”, “NÉD”
near mûsh adj NL, see “mush”, revert to original SV word
nearby (territory) hof n NL, merging Sindarin “ephel” (outer fence, surrounding ring) < Noldorin “hebel” (fence) < Gnomish “heb” (around, about) with AO “oth” interpretated as “about, around” < Etym. “OS” any territory in close proximity, not necessary outside the borders like “outskirts” or “suburb”;
uncountable
nearness mush n LOS (“nearly”) < MB, SV “mûsh” (close, next to, near, at) use locative cases to express directions
neighbour(hood) hof n NL, merging Sindarin “ephel” (outer fence, surrounding ring) < Noldorin “hebel” (fence) < Gnomish “heb” (around, about) with AO “oth” interpretated as “about, around” < Etym. “OS” any territory in close proximity, not necessary outside the borders like “outskirts” or “suburb”;
uncountable
nigh mush n LOS (“nearly”) < MB, SV “mûsh” (close, next to, near, at) use locative cases to express directions
nighness mush n LOS (“nearly”) < MB, SV “mûsh” (close, next to, near, at) use locative cases to express directions
North ford n NL < Noldorin “forod” < Etym. “PHOR” (right-hand);
compare with Quenya “forna”, Sindarin “forn”;
compare with SV “vor” < MERP < Albanian “veri” 		uncountable;
use Allative case in expressions of directions like “go North”
nowhere narin pro NL, see “nar” and “in”
off bo postp LOS < HG ablative case suffix; denotes motion from surface
on ir postp LOS adessive case suffix; denotes static presence at/on surface;
not about time
on r postp LOS “ir”, “or” adessive or inessive case suffix after vowel in colloquial speech; denotes static presence at or inside object
on zir postp LOS “ir” adessive case suffix after vowel; denotes static presence at/on surface
on top of ir postp LOS adessive case suffix; denotes static presence at/on surface;
not about time
on top of r postp LOS “ir”, “or” adessive or inessive case suffix after vowel in colloquial speech; denotes static presence at or inside object
on top of tala prep EL;
? probably from Etym. “TÂ, TAGH-” (high, lofty) or “TALAM” (floor, base) or “DAL” (flat) 		use with objects in accusative case
on top of zir postp LOS “ir” adessive case suffix after vowel; denotes static presence at/on surface
onto u postp TK, DBS, LOTR, OC; was used as preposition allative case suffix
onto zu postp see “u” allative case suffix after vowel
opposite to (place) bug postp MB, SV more like adjective or adverb used together with objects in Allative case
order hîlurm n NL, see “hîl-”
out idh adv NL < Quenya “etse”, “ette”, Qenya “eru”, “est”, Gnomish “ûthi” < Etym. “ET” (out, forth), Primitive Elvish root “EÐE” [1] only as standalone adverb; for motion outwards use Elative or Ablative case or the word “lût”
out lût adv LOS (“out of”) unlike LOS, used only as standalone adverb;
for expressions “from outside”, “to the outside” see “lût” (n) or just use Ablative or Allative cases
out of ah postp NL < HG prefix “ah-” (he of, he from) elative case suffix; denotes motion from inside
out of zah postp NL < HG prefix “ah-” (he of, he from) elative case suffix after vowel; denotes motion from inside
outside lût adv LOS (“out of”) unlike LOS, used only as standalone adverb;
for expressions “from outside”, “to the outside” see “lût” (n) or just use Ablative or Allative cases
outside lût n LOS (“out of”) use locative cases to express directions
outskirts hof n NL, merging Sindarin “ephel” (outer fence, surrounding ring) < Noldorin “hebel” (fence) < Gnomish “heb” (around, about) with AO “oth” interpretated as “about, around” < Etym. “OS” any territory in close proximity, not necessary outside the borders like “outskirts” or “suburb”;
uncountable
outwards idh adv NL < Quenya “etse”, “ette”, Qenya “eru”, “est”, Gnomish “ûthi” < Etym. “ET” (out, forth), Primitive Elvish root “EÐE” [1] only as standalone adverb; for motion outwards use Elative or Ablative case or the word “lût”
over tala prep EL;
? probably from Etym. “TÂ, TAGH-” (high, lofty) or “TALAM” (floor, base) or “DAL” (flat) 		use with objects in accusative case
over here zinu pro NL < “za” + “in” + “u” (see corresponding articles) only about direction
over there zîginal pro, adv NL, comparative of “zîgin”; see “zîg”, “in” add locative case suffixes to indicate direction instead of static position

для уточнения значения “вон туда” нужно использовать Аллативный падеж (-u)
over there zîginu pro NL < “zîg” + “in” + “-u” (see corresponding articles) only about direction
past (place) as postp LOS use with object in accusative case
path mong n DS; probably from Quenya and Sindarin “men” (way) in Nûrlâm like any path (including hardly passable)
path mûl n LOS < Quenya “malle” (street, road) < “MBAL” in Nûrlâm more like wide, easily visible path
peak maizg n NL, merging MERP “maj” (top) < Albanian with Qenya “aikale”, “aikasse”, Noldorin “oegas”, “aiglir” (mountain peak) < Etym. “AYAK” (sharp); compare with “maig” upper point of mountain, structure
pinnacle maizg n NL, merging MERP “maj” (top) < Albanian with Qenya “aikale”, “aikasse”, Noldorin “oegas”, “aiglir” (mountain peak) < Etym. “AYAK” (sharp); compare with “maig” upper point of mountain, structure
place in n NL < ? Qenya “erin” (v) (remains), however “-in” in Qenya is 3rd person suffix (changed to 1st person in later Quenya) not “town place”;
used as suffix in various relative and indefinite adverbs
place sazg n NL, merging Sindarin “sad” (place, spot) with LOS “stazg”< SV < Icelandic “staður”?
posterior krûm n NL < LOS “krum”, changed to avoid ambiguity with suffix “-um”; see also “krut” use locative cases to express directions
posterior krûmûrz adj NL, see “krûm” use superlative suffix to clarify meanings like “rearmost”, “sternmost”
pro- dro adv, prefix NL < Gnomish “nodro” (further, forward) or LOS “ord” (forward) < HG written reversed only as standalone adverb or prefix; see “drom” (n) for directional phrases
similar to English “on” in phrasal verbs like “keep on”, “come on”, “go on”
proximity hof n NL, merging Sindarin “ephel” (outer fence, surrounding ring) < Noldorin “hebel” (fence) < Gnomish “heb” (around, about) with AO “oth” interpretated as “about, around” < Etym. “OS” any territory in close proximity, not necessary outside the borders like “outskirts” or “suburb”;
uncountable
proximity mush n LOS (“nearly”) < MB, SV “mûsh” (close, next to, near, at) use locative cases to express directions
queue hîlurm n NL, see “hîl-”
range ting n NL < Noldorin “tî” < Etym. “TEÑ” (line, row)
rank ting n NL < Noldorin “tî” < Etym. “TEÑ” (line, row)
rear krûm n NL < LOS “krum”, changed to avoid ambiguity with suffix “-um”; see also “krut” use locative cases to express directions
rear krûmûrz adj NL, see “krûm” use superlative suffix to clarify meanings like “rearmost”, “sternmost”
rearward krûmûrz adj NL, see “krûm” use superlative suffix to clarify meanings like “rearmost”, “sternmost”
remote baubûrz adj HG “baub” (cf.)
remoteness baub n HG (prep) use locative cases to express directions; see also “gâb”
right (into) tîr adv LOS; probably from Gnomish “tîr”; compare with Quenya “téra” < Etym. “TEGH” (line, direction), “TEÑ” (line, row) points to direction, used with nouns in Illative case
right (side) forg n NL < Quenya “forya” (dexter) < Etym. “PHOR” add -ûrz suffix to transform into adjective; use locative cases with noun to make it adverbial
road mong n DS; probably from Quenya and Sindarin “men” (way) in Nûrlâm like any path (including hardly passable)
road mûl n LOS < Quenya “malle” (street, road) < “MBAL” in Nûrlâm more like wide, easily visible path
route mûl n LOS < Quenya “malle” (street, road) < “MBAL” in Nûrlâm more like wide, easily visible path
row ting n NL < Noldorin “tî” < Etym. “TEÑ” (line, row)
scatter bûsn- v SV to move smth./self onto all directions, over huge area, etc.

двигать(ся) в разные стороны, по большой территории и т. п.
sequence hîlurm n NL, see “hîl-”
serie hîlurm n NL, see “hîl-”
serie ting n NL < Noldorin “tî” < Etym. “TEÑ” (line, row)
side ramb n ZA
since then zîgilah pro NL < “zîg” + “in” + “ah” (see corresponding articles) only about time; in Modern analytical style should be replaced with “lazil” or “ghâr zîgil”
site sazg n NL, merging Sindarin “sad” (place, spot) with LOS “stazg”< SV < Icelandic “staður”?
somewhere inmûd pro NL, see “in” and “mûd”
South hard n NL < Sindarin “Harad” < Etym. “KHYAR” (left) uncountable;
use Allative case in expressions of directions like “go South”
spoor rîn n NL < Noldorin “rhein”, Quenya “runya”
spot sazg n NL, merging Sindarin “sad” (place, spot) with LOS “stazg”< SV < Icelandic “staður”?
spread bûsn- v SV to move smth./self onto all directions, over huge area, etc.

двигать(ся) в разные стороны, по большой территории и т. п.
stern krûm n NL < LOS “krum”, changed to avoid ambiguity with suffix “-um”; see also “krut” use locative cases to express directions
straight (into) tîr adv LOS; probably from Gnomish “tîr”; compare with Quenya “téra” < Etym. “TEGH” (line, direction), “TEÑ” (line, row) points to direction, used with nouns in Illative case
streak shak n ZA;
compare with Sindarin “taeg” (boundary, limit) < Primitive Elvish “taika”
street mûl n LOS < Quenya “malle” (street, road) < “MBAL” in Nûrlâm more like wide, easily visible path
strew bûsn- v SV to move smth./self onto all directions, over huge area, etc.

двигать(ся) в разные стороны, по большой территории и т. п.
strip shak n ZA;
compare with Sindarin “taeg” (boundary, limit) < Primitive Elvish “taika”
stripe shak n ZA;
compare with Sindarin “taeg” (boundary, limit) < Primitive Elvish “taika”
suburb hof n NL, merging Sindarin “ephel” (outer fence, surrounding ring) < Noldorin “hebel” (fence) < Gnomish “heb” (around, about) with AO “oth” interpretated as “about, around” < Etym. “OS” any territory in close proximity, not necessary outside the borders like “outskirts” or “suburb”;
uncountable
summit maizg n NL, merging MERP “maj” (top) < Albanian with Qenya “aikale”, “aikasse”, Noldorin “oegas”, “aiglir” (mountain peak) < Etym. “AYAK” (sharp); compare with “maig” upper point of mountain, structure
surroundings hof n NL, merging Sindarin “ephel” (outer fence, surrounding ring) < Noldorin “hebel” (fence) < Gnomish “heb” (around, about) with AO “oth” interpretated as “about, around” < Etym. “OS” any territory in close proximity, not necessary outside the borders like “outskirts” or “suburb”;
uncountable
that place zîgin pro NL < “zîg” + “in” (see corresponding articles)
thence zîgilah pro NL < “zîg” + “in” + “ah” (see corresponding articles) only about time; in Modern analytical style should be replaced with “lazil” or “ghâr zîgil”
thence zîginah pro NL < “zîg” + “in” + “ah” (see corresponding articles) only about location
thenceforth zîgilah pro NL < “zîg” + “in” + “ah” (see corresponding articles) only about time; in Modern analytical style should be replaced with “lazil” or “ghâr zîgil”
thenceforward zîgilah pro NL < “zîg” + “in” + “ah” (see corresponding articles) only about time; in Modern analytical style should be replaced with “lazil” or “ghâr zîgil”
there tîg pro SV, all major dialects, “atîg” (over there), probably from Albanian “atje” (there) dialectical, only in Colloquial speech (“zîgin” in Standard language)
there zîgin pro NL < “zîg” + “in” (see corresponding articles)
thereafter zîgilah pro NL < “zîg” + “in” + “ah” (see corresponding articles) only about time; in Modern analytical style should be replaced with “lazil” or “ghâr zîgil”
therefrom zîginah pro NL < “zîg” + “in” + “ah” (see corresponding articles) only about location
thereto zîginu pro NL < “zîg” + “in” + “-u” (see corresponding articles) only about direction
this far zinu pro NL < “za” + “in” + “u” (see corresponding articles) only about direction
this place zin pro NL < “za” + “in” (see corresponding articles)
thither zîgilu pro NL < “zîg” + “in” + “-u” (see corresponding articles) only about time; in Modern analytical style should be replaced with “zi zîgil” or just “zi”
thither zîginu pro NL < “zîg” + “in” + “-u” (see corresponding articles) only about direction
through as postp LOS use with object in accusative case
through tuk postp LOS use with objects in instrumental case;
may be replaced with just instrumental case
tip (of piercing weapon) maizg n NL, merging MERP “maj” (top) < Albanian with Qenya “aikale”, “aikasse”, Noldorin “oegas”, “aiglir” (mountain peak) < Etym. “AYAK” (sharp); compare with “maig” upper point of mountain, structure
to u postp TK, DBS, LOTR, OC; was used as preposition allative case suffix
to zu postp see “u” allative case suffix after vowel
to that (place) zîginu pro NL < “zîg” + “in” + “-u” (see corresponding articles) only about direction
to that (time) zîgilu pro NL < “zîg” + “in” + “-u” (see corresponding articles) only about time; in Modern analytical style should be replaced with “zi zîgil” or just “zi”
to there zîginu pro NL < “zîg” + “in” + “-u” (see corresponding articles) only about direction
to this place zinu pro NL < “za” + “in” + “u” (see corresponding articles) only about direction
to where aminu pro NL, see “amin”, “-u” only relative; see “minu” for question particle
to where? minu pro NL, see “amin”, “-u” only about location;
only interrogative (in questions); see “aminu” for relative counterpart
top (side) talm n NL < EL “tala” (above, over) use locative cases with this word to express directions and positions
towards u postp TK, DBS, LOTR, OC; was used as preposition allative case suffix
towards zu postp see “u” allative case suffix after vowel
trace rîn n NL < Noldorin “rhein”, Quenya “runya”
track rîn n NL < Noldorin “rhein”, Quenya “runya”
trail mong n DS; probably from Quenya and Sindarin “men” (way) in Nûrlâm like any path (including hardly passable)
trail mûl n LOS < Quenya “malle” (street, road) < “MBAL” in Nûrlâm more like wide, easily visible path
turn kurg- v NL, merging Quenya “quer” (to turn) with LOS “rag-” < SV and with Quenya “corna” (round) < Etym. “KOR”; similarity with Russian “круг” [krug̊] is accidental also about changing form
under lata prep EL, the word “tala” reversed or Etym. “LAD”, “LAT” (flat) use with objects in accusative case
underneath dhu adv HG (downward); compare with Etym. “NDU” (go down, sink) from which PN “Númenór” came (sink > sunset > West > West-land), also “NŪ”, “UNU” (down, underneath) use this only as standalone adverb;
see “lata” for preposition, see “latr” for standard variant
up ghu adv NL < DS “ghûr-” (BS, to rise), “ghûr” (SOW, tall) < Sindarin PN “Belegûr” (Mighty Arising), translation of name Melkor, however it should be splitted as “beleg” + “ōre” < Etym. “ORO” (up, high, rise), “RŌ” (to rise); modified in analogy with HG “dhu” (down) use this only as standalone adverb; see “tala” for preposition, see “talm” for standard variant
up (side) talm n NL < EL “tala” (above, over) use locative cases with this word to express directions and positions
up the (…) tala prep EL;
? probably from Etym. “TÂ, TAGH-” (high, lofty) or “TALAM” (floor, base) or “DAL” (flat) 		use with objects in accusative case
upon u postp TK, DBS, LOTR, OC; was used as preposition allative case suffix
upon zu postp see “u” allative case suffix after vowel
upside ghu adv NL < DS “ghûr-” (BS, to rise), “ghûr” (SOW, tall) < Sindarin PN “Belegûr” (Mighty Arising), translation of name Melkor, however it should be splitted as “beleg” + “ōre” < Etym. “ORO” (up, high, rise), “RŌ” (to rise); modified in analogy with HG “dhu” (down) use this only as standalone adverb; see “tala” for preposition, see “talm” for standard variant
upwards ghu adv NL < DS “ghûr-” (BS, to rise), “ghûr” (SOW, tall) < Sindarin PN “Belegûr” (Mighty Arising), translation of name Melkor, however it should be splitted as “beleg” + “ōre” < Etym. “ORO” (up, high, rise), “RŌ” (to rise); modified in analogy with HG “dhu” (down) use this only as standalone adverb; see “tala” for preposition, see “talm” for standard variant
vestige rîn n NL < Noldorin “rhein”, Quenya “runya”
vicinity hof n NL, merging Sindarin “ephel” (outer fence, surrounding ring) < Noldorin “hebel” (fence) < Gnomish “heb” (around, about) with AO “oth” interpretated as “about, around” < Etym. “OS” any territory in close proximity, not necessary outside the borders like “outskirts” or “suburb”;
uncountable
vicinity mush n LOS (“nearly”) < MB, SV “mûsh” (close, next to, near, at) use locative cases to express directions
way mong n DS; probably from Quenya and Sindarin “men” (way) in Nûrlâm like any path (including hardly passable)
way mûl n LOS < Quenya “malle” (street, road) < “MBAL” in Nûrlâm more like wide, easily visible path
West dhûnsh n NL < PN “Númenór”, Quenya “Andúnë”, “númen”, Sindarin “dûn”, “annûn”, Adûnaic “adûn(i)”, Westron self-name “Adûni”, all from Etym. “NDŪ” (go down, sink); modified in analogy with LOS “ghânsh” (East) < HG “ghan” uncountable;
use Allative case in expressions of directions like “go West”
whence aminah pro NL, see “amin”, “ah” 1) after location
2) between action and result
3) between reason and consequences
whence? minah pro NL, see “mash”, “in”, “ah” only about location;
only interrogative (in questions); see “aminah” for relative counterpart
where amin pro NL, see “mash”, “in” only relative; see “min” for question particle
where from? minah pro NL, see “mash”, “in”, “ah” only about location;
only interrogative (in questions); see “aminah” for relative counterpart
where? min pro NL, see “mash”, “in” only interrogative (in questions); see “amin” for relative counterpart
whereto aminu pro NL, see “amin”, “-u” only relative; see “minu” for question particle
wherever minkon pro NL, see “min”, “kon” only with interrogative (questions) and dubitative moods
whither aminu pro NL, see “amin”, “-u” only relative; see “minu” for question particle
whither? minu pro NL, see “amin”, “-u” only about location;
only interrogative (in questions); see “aminu” for relative counterpart
wing (of army formation or building) ramb n ZA
within ishi postp TK, CBS, LOTR, RI;
Quenya locative case ending “-ssë” 		Illative case suffix. Motion inside place or object
within shi postp see “ishi” Illative case suffix after vowel. Motion inside place, object or static presence inside one place
within (place) nâd adv, postp NL, merging MERP “nâdar” (amongst) < Albanian with Primitive Elvish “ndē̆” (inside) < Etym. (AC) “(N)DI”;
see also “nod” 		used standalone as adverb or with objects in inessive or genitive case;
may be replaced with just inessive case (preferable);
expressions like “to the inside” and “from inside” are translated with just Illative and Elative cases correspondingly