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--- syntax_questions [2021/06/04 17:35] – morgoth
+++ syntax_questions [2026/10/08 21:09] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== Questions ======
-<WRAP center round todo 60%>
-This article is not finished
-\\ <todo>complete the article</todo>
-\\ <todo>add examples</todo>
-</WRAP>
-===== General questions =====
-//General// or //polar// questions require answering with "yes" ("akh") or "no" ("nar"). To convert declarative sentence into general question [[mood_interrogative|interrogative mood]] is used. It is formed by adding prefix //mar-// to the [[grammar_verb|verb]] after person and negation prefix but before derivational prefix and root. In contrast to English in Nûrlâm word order is not changed and auxiliary verbs like "do/does/did" are not used in general questions as they have a grammatical marker //mar-//. Example:
-^         ^ Declarative        ^ General question        ^ General question with negation ^
-^ English | He killed a dragon | Did he killed a dragon? | Didn't he killed a dragon?     |
-^ Nûrlâm  | Tadoguz ash lûg    | Ta__mar__doguz ash lûg  | Ta__nar//mar//__doguz ash lûg  |
-General questions may be answered by repeating the statement from question in declarative form (without //mar-//), especially when question contains double negative. Shortened answers like "He did / He didn't" do not have equivalent in Nûrlâm, but object may be omitted in repeated statement ("Did he killed a dragon? -- He didn't" = "Tamardoguz ash lûg -- Tadoguz").
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-===== Alternative questions =====
-//Alternative// or //choice// questions are similar to general questions but answer requires selecting option(s) presented in question (either repeating a question in declarative form with only one option or simply with one word). [[conjunctions|Conjunction]] "or" (= "ogh") is used to present a second choice. Answer may be also like "all of them" ("ulûk" or simply "ûk") or "none of them" ("narash" or just "nar") or "both" (= "za agh zîg", lit. "this and that"; = "zîg agh isk", lit. "that and another"). The second option in question may be a negation of the first one ("or no" = "ogh nar"), but this makes it closer to general questions.
-^         ^ Declarative        ^ Alternative question              ^ Alternative question with negation ^
-^ English | He killed a dragon | Did he killed a dragon or Balrog? | Did he killed a dragon or not?  |
-^ Nûrlâm  | Tadoguz ash lûg    | Ta__mar__doguz ash lûg ogh balrog | Ta__mar__doguz ash lûg ogh nar  |
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-===== Disjunctive questions =====
-//Disjunctive// or //tag// questions are formed with declarative sentence, but turned into interrogative by question particle (tag) "//mar?//" which may be translated into English as "right?", "isn't it?" etc.
-^         ^ Declarative        ^ Disjunctive question           ^
-^ English | He killed a dragon | He killed a dragon, didn't he? |
-^ Nûrlâm  | Tadoguz ash lûg    | Tadoguz ash lûg mar            |
------------------------------
-===== Special questions =====
-//Special// or //non-polar// questions are formed with question words (interrogative [[proform|pro-forms]]: pronouns and pro-adverbs) and require a full sentence to answer. Interrogative mood is not used because question words already contain question prefix //m(a)-//.
-==== List of question words ====
-^ English ^ Nûrlâm ^ Example ^
-| how     | marz   | |
-| what    | mash   | |
-| when    | mil | |
-| whence(("where ... from", source)) | minah, minbo | |
-| where   | min | |
-| whether((usually in alternative and indirect questions)) | makon (any), mashkon (whatever, whichever) | |
-| which   | mai (who), mash (what) | |
-| whither(("where ... to", target, goal)) | minishi, minu | |
-| who     | mai, mash (what) | |
-| whom    | mai, mash (in any grammatical or marginal case except Nominative and Genitive) | |
-| whose   | maib, mashob | |
-| why     | mûr | |
-Word order in such questions alters. Question word goes first then go subject, verb and optionally an object.
-^         ^ Declarative        ^ Special question     ^
-^ English | He killed a dragon | Who killed a dragon? |
-^ Nûrlâm  | Tadoguz ash lûg    | Mash lûguzâ ash lûg  |
-Exceptions are words "mai" (who?) and "mash" (what?), both also used with meaning "whose?", as they may refer either subject or object, then word order is typical SVO with question word going into either Subject or Object's position.
-^         ^ Declarative        ^ Special question     ^
-^ English | He killed a dragon | Who killed a dragon? |
-^ Nûrlâm  | Tadoguz ash lûg    | Mash doguzâ ash lûg  |
-^         ^ Declarative        ^ Special question    ^
-^ English | He killed a dragon | Whom did he killed? |
-^ Nûrlâm  | Tadoguz ash lûg    | Tadoguz mash        |
-^         ^ Declarative               ^ Special question            ^
-^ English | He lives in spider's nest | In whose nest does he live? |
-^ Nûrlâm  | Takîb kîfor ungob         | Takîb kîfor mashob          |
-------------------------------
-===== Indirect questions =====
-//Indirect questions// are subordinate clauses of declarative sentences. They are formed similar to special questions, but question words are replaced with their //relative// counterparts. Interrogative mood is not used. For example "I don't know __where did he go__" = "Danarîst __amin ta ukhuz__"((Nûrlâm do not use auxiliary verbs like "do/does/did", so "did go" translates into "go.PST" = "ukhuz"))

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