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syntax_possession [2021/11/06 22:25] – morgothsyntax_possession [2022/04/24 12:33] (current) – Changed some examples of passive with special verb suffix instead of participles morgoth
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 ^ Number of\\ participants ^  Roles of  ^^^^^ Examples ^ ^ Number of\\ participants ^  Roles of  ^^^^^ Examples ^
 ^ ::: ^  subject     ^  direct object  ^  direct object's\\ possessive modifier\\ (genitive case)  ^  indirect object\\ (dative case)  ^  indirect object\\ (ablative case)  ^ ::: ^ ^ ::: ^  subject     ^  direct object  ^  direct object's\\ possessive modifier\\ (genitive case)  ^  indirect object\\ (dative case)  ^  indirect object\\ (ablative case)  ^ ::: ^
-|  1  |  new owner   |  possession((accusative case, optional for some verbs))  |  –  |  –  |  –  | Da orskuz nazgum = I stole the ring | +|  1  |  new owner   |  possession((accusative case, optional for some verbs))  |  ---  |  ---  |  ---  | Da orskuz nazgum = I stole the ring | 
-|  2  |  new owner   | ::: |  old owner  |  –  |  –  | Da orskuz nazgum mâgz__ob__ = I stole the master's ring | +|  2  |  new owner   | ::: |  old owner  |  ---  |  ---  | Da orskuz nazgum mâgz__ob__ = I stole the master's ring | 
-|  2  |  agent       | ::: |  –  |  new owner  |  –  | Danorkuz nazgum mâgz__ûr__ = I took the ring for the master | +|  2  |  agent       | ::: |  ---  |  new owner  |  ---  | Danorkuz nazgum mâgz__ûr__ = I took the ring for the master | 
-|  2  |  new owner   | ::: |  –  |  –  |  old owner  | Danorkuz nazgum piraga__bo__ = I took the ring from hobbit | +|  2  |  new owner   | ::: |  ---  |  ---  |  old owner  | Danorkuz nazgum piraga__bo__ = I took the ring from hobbit | 
-|  3  |  agent       | ::: |  old owner  |  new owner  |  –  | Uruk thrakubû nazg gazat__ob__ Nazgûl__ûr__ = Orcs will bring dwarven rings to Nazgûl | +|  3  |  agent       | ::: |  old owner  |  new owner  |  ---  | Uruk thrakubû nazg gazat__ob__ Nazgûl__ûr__ = Orcs will bring dwarven rings to Nazgûl | 
-|  3  |  final owner  | ::: |  first owner  |  –  |  second owner  | Shargroth nântuzâ nazgum golug__ob__ Lûntarth__bo__ = Gandalf got the elven ring from Círdan((names Gandlaf and Cirdan were translated from "Grey Man" (compare with Saruman's "Sharkû" = "Old Man") and "Ship-wright" respectively)) |  +|  3  |  final owner  | ::: |  first owner  |  ---  |  second owner  | Shargroth nântuzâ nazgum golug__ob__ Lûntarth__bo__ = Gandalf got the elven ring from Círdan((names Gandlaf and Cirdan were translated from "Grey Man" (compare with Saruman's "Sharkû" = "Old Man") and "Ship-wright" respectively)) |  
-|  3  |  agent       | ::: |  –  |  new owner  |  old owner  | Urukhai ropuzû nazgum piraga__bo__ goth__ûr__ takob = Orc seized the ring from halflings for their Master |+|  3  |  agent       | ::: |  ---  |  new owner  |  old owner  | Urukhai ropuzû nazgum piraga__bo__ goth__ûr__ takob = Orc seized the ring from halflings for their Master |
 |  4  |  agent\\ (third owner)  | ::: |  first owner  |  final owner  |  second owner  | Nazgûl dikuzû nazgum gazat__ob__  Thráin__bo__ Mâgzbûrz__ûr__ = Nazgûl captured the dwarven ring from Thráin for the Dark Lord | |  4  |  agent\\ (third owner)  | ::: |  first owner  |  final owner  |  second owner  | Nazgûl dikuzû nazgum gazat__ob__  Thráin__bo__ Mâgzbûrz__ûr__ = Nazgûl captured the dwarven ring from Thráin for the Dark Lord |
  
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 ^ Number of\\ participants ^  Roles of  ^^^^^ Examples ^ ^ Number of\\ participants ^  Roles of  ^^^^^ Examples ^
 ^ ::: ^  subject     ^  subject's\\ possessive modifier\\ (genitive case)  ^  direct object\\ (instrumental case)  ^  indirect object\\ (dative case)  ^  indirect object\\ (ablative case)  ^ ::: ^ ^ ::: ^  subject     ^  subject's\\ possessive modifier\\ (genitive case)  ^  direct object\\ (instrumental case)  ^  indirect object\\ (dative case)  ^  indirect object\\ (ablative case)  ^ ::: ^
-|  1  |  possession  |  –  |  new owner  |  –  |  –  | Nazgum kuzâ orskaga uruk__irzi__ = The ring was stolen by orcs | +|  1  |  possession  |  ---  |  new owner  |  ---  |  ---  | Nazgum orskâkuzâ uruk__irzi__ = The ring was stolen by orcs | 
-|  2  | ::: |  old owner  |  new owner  |  –  |  –  | Nazgum mâgz__ob__ kuzâ orskaga da__rzi__ = The master's ring was stolen by me | +|  2  | ::: |  old owner  |  new owner  |  ---  |  ---  | Nazgum mâgz__ob__ kuzâ orskaga da__rzi__ = The master's ring was stolen by me | 
-|  2  | ::: |  –  |  agent  |  new owner  |  –  | Nazgum kuzâ orskaga da__rzi__ mâgz dab__ûr__ = The ring was stolen by me for my master | +|  2  | ::: |  ---  |  agent  |  new owner  |  ---  | Nazgum orskâkuzâ da__rzi__ mâgz dab__ûr__ = The ring was stolen by me for my master | 
-|  2  | ::: |  –  |  new owner  |  –  |  old owner  | Nazgum kuzâ norkaga piraga__bo__ uruk__irzi__ = The ring was taken from hobbit by orcs | +|  2  | ::: |  ---  |  new owner  |  ---  |  old owner  | Nazgum norkâkuzâ piraga__bo__ uruk__irzi__ = The ring was taken from hobbit by orcs | 
-|  3  | ::: |  old owner  |  agent  |  new owner  |  –  | Nazg gazat__ob__ kulû thrakat Nazgûl__ûr__ uruk__irzi__ = Dwarven rings are to be brought by orcs for Nazgûl((passive action here is expressed with gerundive)) | +|  3  | ::: |  old owner  |  agent  |  new owner  |  ---  | Nazg gazat__ob__ kulû thrakat Nazgûl__ûr__ uruk__irzi__ = Dwarven rings are to be brought by orcs for Nazgûl((passive action here is expressed with gerundive)) | 
-|  3  | ::: |  first owner  |  final owner  |  –  |  second owner  | Nazgum golug__ob__ kuzâ nântaga Shargroth__irzi__ Lûntarth__bo__ = The elven ring was received by Gandalf from Círdan | +|  3  | ::: |  first owner  |  final owner  |  ---  |  second owner  | Nazgum golug__ob__ kuzâ nântaga Shargroth__irzi__ Lûntarth__bo__ = The elven ring was received by Gandalf from Círdan | 
-|  3  | ::: |  –  |  agent  |  new owner  |  old owner  | Nazgum kuzâ ropaga uruk__irzi__ piraga__bo__ goth__ûr__ takob = The ring was seized by orcs from hobbits for their master | +|  3  | ::: |  ---  |  agent  |  new owner  |  old owner  | Nazgum ropâkuzâ uruk__irzi__ piraga__bo__ goth__ûr__ takob = The ring was seized by orcs from hobbits for their master | 
-|  4  | ::: |  first owner  |  agent\\ (third owner)  |  final owner  |  second owner  | Nazg gazat__ob__ kuzâ dikaga Nazgûlirzi Thráin__bo__ Mâgzbûrz__ûr__ = The dwarven ring was captured by Nazgûl from Thráin for the Dark Lord |+|  4  | ::: |  first owner  |  agent\\ (third owner)  |  final owner  |  second owner  | Nazg gazat__ob__ dikâkuzâ Nazgûlirzi Thráin__bo__ Mâgzbûrz__ûr__ = The dwarven ring was captured by Nazgûl from Thráin for the Dark Lord |
  
 === Loosing the ownership === === Loosing the ownership ===
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 ^ Number of\\ participants ^  Roles of  ^^^^ Examples ^ ^ Number of\\ participants ^  Roles of  ^^^^ Examples ^
 ^ ::: ^  subject     ^  direct object  ^  direct object's\\ possessive modifier\\ (genitive case)  ^  indirect object\\ (dative case)  ^ ::: ^ ^ ::: ^  subject     ^  direct object  ^  direct object's\\ possessive modifier\\ (genitive case)  ^  indirect object\\ (dative case)  ^ ::: ^
-|  1  |  old owner  |  possession  |  –  |  –  | Dabûfuz nazgum = I lost the ring | +|  1  |  old owner  |  possession  |  ---  |  ---  | Dabûfuz nazgum = I lost the ring | 
-|  2  |  agent      |  :::  |  old owner  |  –  | Gazat drauguz yak tak__ob__ = Dwarves sold their weapons | +|  2  |  agent      |  :::  |  old owner  |  ---  | Gazat drauguz yak tak__ob__ = Dwarves sold their weapons | 
-|  2  |  old owner  |  :::  |  –  |  new owner  | Kudug ranguzâ nazgum ash nurtab__ûr__ = Hobbit left the ring for his relative |+|  2  |  old owner  |  :::  |  ---  |  new owner  | Kudug ranguzâ nazgum ash nurtab__ûr__ = Hobbit left the ring for his relative |
 |  3  |  agent      |  :::  |  old owner  |  new owner  | Lûntharth throguzâ nazgum golug__ob__ Shargroth__ûr__ = Círdan gave the elven ring to Gandalf  | |  3  |  agent      |  :::  |  old owner  |  new owner  | Lûntharth throguzâ nazgum golug__ob__ Shargroth__ûr__ = Círdan gave the elven ring to Gandalf  |
  
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 ^ Number of\\ participants ^  Roles of  ^^^^ Examples ^ ^ Number of\\ participants ^  Roles of  ^^^^ Examples ^
 ^ ::: ^  subject     ^  subject's\\ possessive modifier\\ (genitive case)  ^  direct object\\ (instrumental case)  ^  indirect object\\ (dative case)  ^ ::: ^ ^ ::: ^  subject     ^  subject's\\ possessive modifier\\ (genitive case)  ^  direct object\\ (instrumental case)  ^  indirect object\\ (dative case)  ^ ::: ^
-|  1  |  possession  |  –  |  old owner  |  –  | Nazgum kuzâ bûfaga Gollum__irzi__ = The ring was lost by Gollum | +|  1  |  possession  |  ---  |  old owner  |  ---  | Nazgum bûfâkuzâ Gollum__irzi__ = The ring was lost by Gollum | 
-|  2  |  :::  |  first owner  |  agent /\\ second owner  |  –  | Yak golug__ob__ kuzâ draugaga gazat__irzi__ = Elven weapon was sold by dwarves | +|  2  |  :::  |  first owner  |  agent /\\ second owner  |  ---  | Yak golug__ob__ kuzâ draugaga gazat__irzi__ = Elven weapon was sold by dwarves | 
-|  2  |  :::  |  –  |  agent /\\ old owner  |  new owner  | Nazgum kuzâ rangaga Frodo__zûr__ Bilbo__rzi__  = The ring was left by Bilbo for Frodo | +|  2  |  :::  |  ---  |  agent /\\ old owner  |  new owner  | Nazgum kuzâ rangaga Frodo__zûr__ Bilbo__rzi__  = The ring was left by Bilbo for Frodo | 
-|  3  |  :::  |  first owner  |  agent\\ (second owner)  |  final owner  | Nazg gazat__ob__ kulû throgaga Nazgûl__ûr__ uruk__irzi__ = Dwarven rings were given to Nazgûl by orcs |+|  3  |  :::  |  first owner  |  agent\\ (second owner)  |  final owner  | Nazg gazat__ob__ throgâkuzû Nazgûl__ûr__ uruk__irzi__ = Dwarven rings were given to Nazgûl by orcs |
  
 The verb "kurb-" (to exchange, barter, trade) express both obtaining and loosing the ownership. New owner (indirect object) should be marked with //comitative case//.  The verb "kurb-" (to exchange, barter, trade) express both obtaining and loosing the ownership. New owner (indirect object) should be marked with //comitative case//. 
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