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syntax_parenthesis [2022/02/14 21:12] – [Parenthesis] morgothsyntax_parenthesis [2024/10/13 12:56] (current) – [Parenthesis] morgoth
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 ====== Parenthesis ====== ====== Parenthesis ======
 In rhetoric a **//parenthesis//** or **//parenthetical clause//** is an explanatory phrase or just one word inserted into the sentence. Such phrase may be omitted without loosing a sense of passage, however parentheses may better describe it or express attitude of the speaker or writer to events or person. Parenthesis often treated as [[syntax_determiner|modifier phrases]] but often do not carry any syntactical role at all. They are often expressed by [[syntax_adverbials|adverbials]], [[conjunctions]] and [[syntax_impersonal|impersonal clauses]].  In rhetoric a **//parenthesis//** or **//parenthetical clause//** is an explanatory phrase or just one word inserted into the sentence. Such phrase may be omitted without loosing a sense of passage, however parentheses may better describe it or express attitude of the speaker or writer to events or person. Parenthesis often treated as [[syntax_determiner|modifier phrases]] but often do not carry any syntactical role at all. They are often expressed by [[syntax_adverbials|adverbials]], [[conjunctions]] and [[syntax_impersonal|impersonal clauses]]. 
- 
-<WRAP center round todo 60%> 
-<todo !>Examples and translations needed</todo> 
-</WRAP> 
  
 Typical applications of parenthesis include: Typical applications of parenthesis include:
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   * The way of expressing thoughts and attitude to it: "let's be honest" (= "gâkh kulut ruzg"), "in other words" (= "ghîshirzi isk"), "in a nutshell" (= "ghîshor krul", lit. "in two words"), "in sum" (= "ginturmor"),  "between you and me" (= "dari agh firi" = "dakri" = "between us"), "joking apart" (= "hok rambu", lit. "jokes to side"; = "hokshanar", lit. "without jokes"), "speaking aside" (= "gashnug rambu"), "if you don't mind" (= "ghung finarbugb", lit. "if you don't disagree");   * The way of expressing thoughts and attitude to it: "let's be honest" (= "gâkh kulut ruzg"), "in other words" (= "ghîshirzi isk"), "in a nutshell" (= "ghîshor krul", lit. "in two words"), "in sum" (= "ginturmor"),  "between you and me" (= "dari agh firi" = "dakri" = "between us"), "joking apart" (= "hok rambu", lit. "jokes to side"; = "hokshanar", lit. "without jokes"), "speaking aside" (= "gashnug rambu"), "if you don't mind" (= "ghung finarbugb", lit. "if you don't disagree");
   * Calling a name or moniker (vocative), usually with [[mood_imperative|imperatives]] (includes curses). For example: "__Uglûk__, come closer!" (= "__Uglûk__, skât mushar!"), "Come faster, __you maggots__, we must hurry before sun rises!" = "Ukh hîsarzar, __gi zom__, dakmaug khîgut ik ûzh tulgubâ!";   * Calling a name or moniker (vocative), usually with [[mood_imperative|imperatives]] (includes curses). For example: "__Uglûk__, come closer!" (= "__Uglûk__, skât mushar!"), "Come faster, __you maggots__, we must hurry before sun rises!" = "Ukh hîsarzar, __gi zom__, dakmaug khîgut ik ûzh tulgubâ!";
-  * The call to another person in conversation to draw attention without naming it: "do you understand (that)..." (= "fimarzûrb zamash..."), "got this" (= "nânt za"), "believe it or not" (= "gâkh kânutan ogh nar"), "picture that" = (= "noth zamash"), "you see" (= "(fi)markin"), etc.; +  * The call to another person in conversation to draw attention without naming it: "do you understand (that)..." (= "fimarzûrb zamash..."), "got this" (= "nânt za"), "believe it or not" (= "gâkh kânutan ogh nar"), "picture that" (= "noth zamash"), "you see" = "(fi)markin", etc.; 
-  * Function similar to conjunctions, to express cause and/or (con)sequence of actions: "by the way", "for example", "it means", "beside this"; +  * Function similar to conjunctions, to express cause and/or (con)sequence of actions: "by the way" (= "mushor mûlob", "iskri"((lit. "between other things")), "mûlarz"((lit. "wayly"))), "for example" = "shaubat" (lit. "to taste", "for tasting"), "it means" = "za idr" = "zamash idrâ", "beside(s) this" = "rambarz zab"; 
-  * To show speaker's feeling to events: "luckily", "fortunately", "thank god", "sad to say", "I fear", etc.; +  * To show speaker's feeling to events: "luckily" = "dûrfarz", "fortunately" = "faltarz", "thank god" = "kamsh goth" (lit. "thanks Morgoth"), "sad to say" = "dimbarz gashnut", "I fear" = "(da)furg", etc.; 
-  * Express strong feeling, including [[interjections]]: "for fuck's sake!", "damn you!"; +  * Express strong feeling, including [[interjections]]: "for fuck's sake!" = "ûrarz htol" (literal translation, not recommended), "damn you!" = "urk!" = "skûnam!", "may the devil take you!" = "gâkh rog nokham"; 
-  * Introductory phrase: "Once upon time...", "Long time ago...";+  * Introductory phrase: "Once upon time..." (= "asharz", "nokh"), "Long time ago..." (= "ilrodh krut");
  
  
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   * "He cut his head, //steady and swift strike it was//, with his axe" = "Tagrishuz kaztab //za fulk kuz stalgarz agh hîsarz// pulktabirzi" (adverbial);   * "He cut his head, //steady and swift strike it was//, with his axe" = "Tagrishuz kaztab //za fulk kuz stalgarz agh hîsarz// pulktabirzi" (adverbial);
   * "Uglûk sitting in the corner -- //he was usually silent in public places// -- //suddenly//, started his long and loudly speech." = "Uglûk duzug bonzumor -- //takuzok ghil sazgor haitûrz// -- //trosharz// îsuzâ gashnumtab rodh agh rûrz";   * "Uglûk sitting in the corner -- //he was usually silent in public places// -- //suddenly//, started his long and loudly speech." = "Uglûk duzug bonzumor -- //takuzok ghil sazgor haitûrz// -- //trosharz// îsuzâ gashnumtab rodh agh rûrz";
-  * "I was trying to hold on the rock with my frozen hands -- //I already knew that they started to rot of cold burn// -- in a desperate struggle to survive" = "Datugluz mankut fipir nalgdabirzi goghaga -- da îstuzdok zamash tak nirgûtîs ghâshgrazumob -- ash tadurmor hîrd kirbat"; +  * "I was trying to hold on the rock with my frozen hands -- //I already knew that they started to rot of cold burn// -- in a desperate struggle to survive" = "Datugluz mankut fipir nalgdabirzi goghaga -- //da îstuzdok zamash tak nirgûtîs ghâshgrazumob// -- ash tadurmor hîrd kirbat"; 
  
 Of course, such long sentences as the last two belong to fiction literature and do not occur in normal conversation, being not very suitable for Orcs' speech. Of course, such long sentences as the last two belong to fiction literature and do not occur in normal conversation, being not very suitable for Orcs' speech.
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