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--- syntax_parenthesis [2022/02/11 21:10] – [Interpositional clause] morgoth
+++ syntax_parenthesis [2024/10/13 12:56] (current) – [Parenthesis] morgoth
@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 ====== Parenthesis ======
 In rhetoric a **//parenthesis//** or **//parenthetical clause//** is an explanatory phrase or just one word inserted into the sentence. Such phrase may be omitted without loosing a sense of passage, however parentheses may better describe it or express attitude of the speaker or writer to events or person. Parenthesis often treated as [[syntax_determiner|modifier phrases]] but often do not carry any syntactical role at all. They are often expressed by [[syntax_adverbials|adverbials]], [[conjunctions]] and [[syntax_impersonal|impersonal clauses]].
-<WRAP center round todo 60%>
-<todo>Examples and translations needed</todo>
-</WRAP>
 Typical applications of parenthesis include:
-  * [[grammar_mood|Modal]] meaning with words like "probably", "certainly", "for sure", "must be";
+  * [[grammar_mood|Modal]] meaning with words like: "probably" (= "falgarz"), "certainly" or "for sure" (both translated as "durtarz"), "must be" (= "maug kulut");
-  * To express ordinary behavior with phrases like "as usual", "sometimes";
+  * To express ordinary behavior with phrases like "as usual", "usually" (both translated as "thangarz"), "sometimes" (= "ilmûd");
-  * Source of information expressed with phrases like "it's said", "some say", "do you think", etc.;
+  * Source of information expressed with phrases like "it's said (that)" (= "gashû zamash"), "some say" (= "mûd gashnû"), "do you think" (= "fimarûs"), etc.;
-  * The way of expressing thoughts and attitude to it: "let's be honest", "in other words", "in sum", "in a nutshell", "between you and me", "joking apart", "speaking aside", "if you don't mind";
+  * The way of expressing thoughts and attitude to it: "let's be honest" (= "gâkh kulut ruzg"), "in other words" (= "ghîshirzi isk"), "in a nutshell" (= "ghîshor krul", lit. "in two words"), "in sum" (= "ginturmor"),  "between you and me" (= "dari agh firi" = "dakri" = "between us"), "joking apart" (= "hok rambu", lit. "jokes to side"; = "hokshanar", lit. "without jokes"), "speaking aside" (= "gashnug rambu"), "if you don't mind" (= "ghung finarbugb", lit. "if you don't disagree");
-  * Calling a name or moniker (vocative), usually with [[mood_imperative|imperatives]] (includes curses). For example: "__Uglûk__, come closer!", "Come faster, __you maggots__, we must hurry before sun rises!"
+  * Calling a name or moniker (vocative), usually with [[mood_imperative|imperatives]] (includes curses). For example: "__Uglûk__, come closer!" (= "__Uglûk__, skât mushar!"), "Come faster, __you maggots__, we must hurry before sun rises!" = "Ukh hîsarzar, __gi zom__, dakmaug khîgut ik ûzh tulgubâ!";
-  * The call to another person in conversation to draw attention without naming it: "do you understand (that)...", "get this", "believe it or not", "picture that", "you see", etc.;
+  * The call to another person in conversation to draw attention without naming it: "do you understand (that)..." (= "fimarzûrb zamash..."), "got this" (= "nânt za"), "believe it or not" (= "gâkh kânutan ogh nar"), "picture that" (= "noth zamash"), "you see" = "(fi)markin", etc.;
-  * Function similar to conjunctions, to express cause and/or (con)sequence of actions: "by the way", "for example", "it means", "beside this";
+  * Function similar to conjunctions, to express cause and/or (con)sequence of actions: "by the way" (= "mushor mûlob", "iskri"((lit. "between other things")), "mûlarz"((lit. "wayly"))), "for example" = "shaubat" (lit. "to taste", "for tasting"), "it means" = "za idr" = "zamash idrâ", "beside(s) this" = "rambarz zab";
-  * To show speaker's feeling to events: "luckily", "fortunately", "thank god", "sad to say", "I fear", etc.;
+  * To show speaker's feeling to events: "luckily" = "dûrfarz", "fortunately" = "faltarz", "thank god" = "kamsh goth" (lit. "thanks Morgoth"), "sad to say" = "dimbarz gashnut", "I fear" = "(da)furg", etc.;
-  * Express strong feeling, including [[interjections]]: "for fuck's sake!", "damn you!";
+  * Express strong feeling, including [[interjections]]: "for fuck's sake!" = "ûrarz htol" (literal translation, not recommended), "damn you!" = "urk!" = "skûnam!", "may the devil take you!" = "gâkh rog nokham";
-  * Introductory phrase: "Once upon time...", "Long time ago...";
+  * Introductory phrase: "Once upon time..." (= "asharz", "nokh"), "Long time ago..." (= "ilrodh krut");
@@ Line 27: / Line 23: @@
   * "Uglûk, //a big and strong orc//, was sitting in the corner" = "Uglûk //ash dau agh pol uruk// duzuzâ bonzumor" (modifier);
   * "He cut his head, //steady and swift strike it was//, with his axe" = "Tagrishuz kaztab //za fulk kuz stalgarz agh hîsarz// pulktabirzi" (adverbial);
-  * "Uglûk sitting in the corner -- //he was usually silent in public places// -- //suddenly//, started his long and loudly speech." = Uglûk duzug bonzumor -- //takuzok ghil sazgor haitûrz// -- //trosharz// îsuzâ gashnumtab rodh agh rûrz;
+  * "Uglûk sitting in the corner -- //he was usually silent in public places// -- //suddenly//, started his long and loudly speech." = "Uglûk duzug bonzumor -- //takuzok ghil sazgor haitûrz// -- //trosharz// îsuzâ gashnumtab rodh agh rûrz";
-  * "I was trying to hold on the rock with my frozen hands - //I already knew that they started to rot of cold burn// - in a desperate try to survive" = <wrap hi><todo>translation needed</todo></wrap>;
+  * "I was trying to hold on the rock with my frozen hands -- //I already knew that they started to rot of cold burn// -- in a desperate struggle to survive" = "Datugluz mankut fipir nalgdabirzi goghaga -- //da îstuzdok zamash tak nirgûtîs ghâshgrazumob// -- ash tadurmor hîrd kirbat";
 Of course, such long sentences as the last two belong to fiction literature and do not occur in normal conversation, being not very suitable for Orcs' speech.

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