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syntax_absence [2021/08/14 12:39] – morgothsyntax_absence [2024/08/03 16:37] (current) – 5th variant added morgoth
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 ====== Expressions of absence ====== ====== Expressions of absence ======
-**//Expressions of absence//** may be counted as a subgroup of [[syntax_possession|expressions of possession]], but are [[syntax_negative|negated]]. They usually show that [[syntax_subject|subject]] do not possess the  [[syntax_object|object]] (which may be not a material object but an abstract quality). Absence in [[Nûrlâm]] may be expressed with three different constructions:+**//Expressions of absence//** may be counted as a subgroup of [[syntax_possession|expressions of possession]], but are [[syntax_negative|negated]]. They usually show that [[syntax_subject|subject]] do not possess the  [[syntax_object|object]] (which may be not a material object but an abstract quality). Absence in [[Nûrlâm]] may be expressed with five different constructions:
   - Negated verb of possession + object in accusative case;   - Negated verb of possession + object in accusative case;
   - Negation of object in comitative case;   - Negation of object in comitative case;
   - Object of possession becomes grammatical subject;   - Object of possession becomes grammatical subject;
-  - Impersonal clause with object in genitive case (usually in subordinate sentences).+  - Impersonal clause with object in genitive case (usually in subordinate sentences); 
 +  - Short colloquial form.
  
 ===== 1. Verbs of possession ===== ===== 1. Verbs of possession =====
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   - Object is put into [[case_genitive|genitive case]].   - Object is put into [[case_genitive|genitive case]].
  
-Example 1: "He runs like __there is no__ tomorrow" = "Takarg oth __nar__ ârshab__ob__".+Example 1: "He runs like __there is no__ tomorrow" = "Takhîg oth __nar__ ârshab__ob__".
  
 Example 2((combined with variant 3)): "__Nar__ bal__ob__ fisha" = "There is no power with you!" Example 2((combined with variant 3)): "__Nar__ bal__ob__ fisha" = "There is no power with you!"
  
 +===== 5. Short colloquial form =====
 +The 4th form may be further reduced colloquially in short sentences. Just use the noun in default form and the particle "nar" as separate word: "There is no light": "Ghâzh nar" (literally "no light").
 +
 +------------------------------------
 <wrap info> </wrap>\_Please note, that English impersonal expressions of prohibition like "No way!" or "No smoking!" do not mean absence and are translated differently: "no way" = "nararz"((this is not how)) = "nardabhaga"((not allowed)), "no smoking" = "trim nardabhaga"((smoke is not allowed)). <wrap info> </wrap>\_Please note, that English impersonal expressions of prohibition like "No way!" or "No smoking!" do not mean absence and are translated differently: "no way" = "nararz"((this is not how)) = "nardabhaga"((not allowed)), "no smoking" = "trim nardabhaga"((smoke is not allowed)).
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