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syntax [2021/06/01 18:19] – morgothsyntax [2026/08/16 23:23] (current) – [Declarative sentences] morgoth
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 ====== Syntax and Word Order in Nûrlâm ====== ====== Syntax and Word Order in Nûrlâm ======
-This page is the hub for articles on syntax of [[Nûrlâm]] dialect+This page is the hub for articles on syntax of [[Nûrlâm]] dialect. 
 + 
 +**//Syntax//** is the study about how individual words and morphemes combine into larger units: words < phrases < clauses < sentences. This includes word order, word agreement, grammatical relations, agreement of larger structures.
  
   * Syntactical categories   * Syntactical categories
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     * [[syntax_subject|Subject]]     * [[syntax_subject|Subject]]
     * [[syntax_object|Object]]     * [[syntax_object|Object]]
-    * [[syntax_agent|Agent]] 
-    * [[syntax_patient|Patient]] 
     * [[syntax_determiner|Modifier phrases]]     * [[syntax_determiner|Modifier phrases]]
     * [[syntax_adverbials|Adverbials and adjuncts]]     * [[syntax_adverbials|Adverbials and adjuncts]]
-  * [[syntax_declarative|Declarative]] sentences (Predicates)  +  * [[syntax#declarative_sentences|Declarative]] sentences (Predicates)  
-  * [[syntax_imperative|Imperative]] +  * [[mood_imperative|Imperative]] 
-  * [[syntax_questions|Questions]] +  * [[mood_interrogative#questions|Questions]] 
-    * [[syntax_questions#General_questions|General questions]] +    * [[mood_interrogative#General_questions|General questions]] 
-    * [[syntax_questions#Alternative_questions|Alternative questions]] +    * [[mood_interrogative#Alternative_questions|Alternative questions]] 
-    * [[syntax_questions#Special_questions|Special questions]] +    * [[mood_interrogative#Special_questions|Special questions]] 
-    * [[syntax_questions#Disjunctive_questions|Disjunctive questions]]+    * [[mood_interrogative#Disjunctive_questions|Disjunctive questions]] 
 +    * [[mood_interrogative#Indirect_questions|Indirect questions]]
   * [[syntax_negative|Negative]]   * [[syntax_negative|Negative]]
-  * [[syntax_existential|Existential clause]] ("There be ...") 
   * [[syntax_impersonal|Impersonal constructions]]   * [[syntax_impersonal|Impersonal constructions]]
 +  * [[syntax_existential|Existential clause]] ("There be ...")
 +  * [[syntax_absence|Expressions of absence]]
 +  * [[syntax_possession|Expressions of possession]]
 +  * [[syntax_direction|Expressions of direction]]
   * [[syntax_parenthesis|Parenthetic and interpositional clauses]]   * [[syntax_parenthesis|Parenthetic and interpositional clauses]]
 +  * [[syntax_homogenous|Homogenous parts of the sentence]] (e.g. listing)
   * [[syntax_complex|Compound and Complex sentences, Tense sequence]]   * [[syntax_complex|Compound and Complex sentences, Tense sequence]]
   * [[syntax_direct_speech|Direct and Indirect speech]]   * [[syntax_direct_speech|Direct and Indirect speech]]
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   * [[archaic_style|Archaic style]]   * [[archaic_style|Archaic style]]
  
 +In languages with **//Nominative-Accusative//** morphosyntactic alignment the [[syntax_subject|subject]] is distinguished from [[syntax_object|object]] in any sentence despite the transitivity of [[grammar_verb|verb]] in [[syntax_predicate|predicate]]. This distinction may be expressed by [[morphology]] and/or syntax. Majority of Indo-European languages are Nominative-Accusative, and Nûrlâm as well.
  
-In languages with **//Nominative-Accusative//** morphosyntactic alignment the [[syntax_subject|subject]] is distinguished from [[syntax_object|object]] in any sentence despite the transitivity of [[grammar_verb|verb]] in [[syntax_predicate|predicate]]. This distinction may be expressed by [[morphology]] and/or [[syntax]]. Majority of Indo-European languages are Nominative-Accusative. Standard [[Nûrlâm]] is also Nominative language.+===== Declarative sentences ===== 
 +**//Declarative sentences//** are the most common type of sentences. They inform about some event or may describe an object. Declarative sentences do not require any action or response from listener.
  
-The typical word order in standard Nûrlâm is Subject–Verb–Object (SVO). //Indirect// objects are placed **after** //direct// objects. Nouns in locative or marginal [[grammar_case|case]] are not objects but usually an [[syntax_adverbials|adverbials]], so they don't follow this word order. +The typical word order in standard Nûrlâm is Subject--Verb--Object (SVO). //Indirect// objects are placed **after** //direct// objects. Nouns in locative or marginal [[grammar_case|case]] are not objects but usually  [[syntax_adverbials|adverbials]], so they don't follow this word order. 
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