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Black Speech
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suffix_derivational [2022/04/01 17:06] – ufurm -> ufur morgothsuffix_derivational [2026/07/12 12:40] (current) – just added spaces to repair broken indexing morgoth
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 ^ Suffix ^ Etymology ^ Meaning ^ Example ^ ^ Suffix ^ Etymology ^ Meaning ^ Example ^
 | -al   | SV | agentive noun suffix: profession, occupation;\\ usually noun formed from verb | farb**al** (hunter) < farb (to hunt) | | -al   | SV | agentive noun suffix: profession, occupation;\\ usually noun formed from verb | farb**al** (hunter) < farb (to hunt) |
-| -amb   | NL < Noldorin "thamb" (hall), Quenya "sambe" (room, chamber) < Etym. "STAB" | alternate noun; usually some room, building or space (like //-ry// in "armory", "cemetary", "mortuary") | khad**amb** (crypt, mausoleum) < khad (tomb) |+| -amb   | NL < Noldorin "thamb" (hall), Quenya "sambe" (room, chamber) < Etym. "STAB" | alternate noun; usually some room, building or space for collection (like //-ry// in "armory", "cemetary", "mortuary") | khad**amb** (crypt, mausoleum) < khad (tomb) |
 | -arz  | LOS < SV similative case ending "-ârz" | adverb from adjective | hîs**arz** (quickly) < hîs (quick) | | -arz  | LOS < SV similative case ending "-ârz" | adverb from adjective | hîs**arz** (quickly) < hîs (quick) |
 | -arz- | ::: | pro-adverb of reason from pronoun | mûd**arz** (somehow) < mûd (some) | | -arz- | ::: | pro-adverb of reason from pronoun | mûd**arz** (somehow) < mûd (some) |
 | -ath  | SV | ? | | | -ath  | SV | ? | |
-| -auk  | SV | alternate noun; usually some person or living being | gab**auk** (vagabond, tramper, hobo) < gab (to wander, travel) | +| -auk  | SV | alternate noun; usually some person or living being; sometimes may carry a tone of passivity or disdain; so-called pejorative | gab**auk** (vagabond, tramper, hobo) < gab (to wander, travel) | 
-| -aut  | NL < MERP "dahaut" (defecation), "plakaut" (pillage) | alternate noun (verbal); usually a process or motion | prauk**aut** (the pillaging) < prauk- (to pillage) |+| -aut  | NL < MERP "dahaut" (defecation), "plakaut" (pillage) | alternate noun (verbal); usually a process or motion; similar to English //gerund//, but complies with grammar of nouns in Nûrlâm | prauk**aut** (the pillaging) < prauk- (to pillage) |
 | -âzh- | NL | normally a suffix of grammatical aspect, but may be treated as diminutive adverb modifying verbs and adjectives | bûrz**âzh** (darkish, slightly dark) < bûrz (dark) | | -âzh- | NL | normally a suffix of grammatical aspect, but may be treated as diminutive adverb modifying verbs and adjectives | bûrz**âzh** (darkish, slightly dark) < bûrz (dark) |
 | -hai  | TK, BS, AO | names of races, nations, groups of people as whole | uruk**-hai** (orcs) < uruk (orc) | | -hai  | TK, BS, AO | names of races, nations, groups of people as whole | uruk**-hai** (orcs) < uruk (orc) |
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 | -niz  | NL < Quenya "nís" (noun "woman") | "feminizer"; marks biological gender of living creatures, professions | hunk**niz** (dog) < hunk (hound) | | -niz  | NL < Quenya "nís" (noun "woman") | "feminizer"; marks biological gender of living creatures, professions | hunk**niz** (dog) < hunk (hound) |
 | :::   | ::: | ::: | farbal**niz** (huntress) < farbal (hunter) | | :::   | ::: | ::: | farbal**niz** (huntress) < farbal (hunter) |
-| -og   | SV < TK PN "Azog" | ? | |+| -og   | SV < TK PN "Azog" | ?\\ probably another agentive noun suffix from Gnomish "og-" (to be able, can) or "-og" (agental or adjective suffix in Gnomish) | |
 | -ol   | TK, AO, PN "Gorgol the Butcher" | ?\\ probably an archaic form of //-al// | | | -ol   | TK, AO, PN "Gorgol the Butcher" | ?\\ probably an archaic form of //-al// | |
 | -ûgz  | NL < "-ug" + "-ûrz", "-ugz" initially intended for participles but rejected in favor of more uniform suffix system | alternative adjective (usually verbal or agentive) | mat**ûgz** (lethal) < mat- (to die) | | -ûgz  | NL < "-ug" + "-ûrz", "-ugz" initially intended for participles but rejected in favor of more uniform suffix system | alternative adjective (usually verbal or agentive) | mat**ûgz** (lethal) < mat- (to die) |
 | -um   | TK, CBS, LOTR ("burzum") | particularizing suffix or article((see PE 17)), similar to definite article | burz**um** (the darkness) < burz (darkness) | | -um   | TK, CBS, LOTR ("burzum") | particularizing suffix or article((see PE 17)), similar to definite article | burz**um** (the darkness) < burz (darkness) |
 | ::: | ::: | ::: | ulb**um** (the blue)((color, paint)) < ulb (blue) | | ::: | ::: | ::: | ulb**um** (the blue)((color, paint)) < ulb (blue) |
-| -urm  | NL < MERP "zurm" (noise) | abstract noun, usually from adjective\\ similar to English suffixes "-ness", "-ity" | orz**urm** (poverty) < orz (poor) |+| -urm  | NL < MERP "zurm" (noise) | abstract noun, usually from adjective\\ similar to English suffixes "-ness", "-ity", "-hood" | orz**urm** (poverty) < orz (poor) |
 | -ûrz  | EL < TK "Lugbûrz" (Dark Tower);\\ obviously Elerrina's extrapolation is wrong, as //ûrz// is part of the stem "bûrz", but it became common for all Neo-Black Speech dialects | general suffix of forming adjectives from other parts of speech, usually from nouns (verbal adjectives should be replaced with [[grammar_participle|participles]] and [[grammar_gerundive|gerundives]]) | slig**ûrz** (free) < slig- (to free) | | -ûrz  | EL < TK "Lugbûrz" (Dark Tower);\\ obviously Elerrina's extrapolation is wrong, as //ûrz// is part of the stem "bûrz", but it became common for all Neo-Black Speech dialects | general suffix of forming adjectives from other parts of speech, usually from nouns (verbal adjectives should be replaced with [[grammar_participle|participles]] and [[grammar_gerundive|gerundives]]) | slig**ûrz** (free) < slig- (to free) |
  
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 ^ Suffix ^  Root  ^^^ ^ Suffix ^  Root  ^^^
-^ :::    ^  hon-\\ (to look at, see, watch)  ^  kin-\\ (to behold, see)  ^  thak-\\ (to look like, appear, seem)  ^ +^ :::    ^  hon-\\ (to look at, see, watch)         ^  kin-\\ (to behold, see)  ^  thak-\\ (to look like, appear, seem)  ^ 
-^ -∅     |  hon\\ (a look, gaze, glance)  |  kin\\ (a view, sight)  |  thak\\ (a look, appearance)  | +^ -∅     |  hon\\ (a look, gaze, glance)            |  kin\\ (a view, sight)    |  thak\\ (a look, appearance)  | 
-^ -al    |  honal\\ (watcher, observer, spectator)  |  kinal\\ (seer)  |    | +^ -al    |  honal\\ (watcher, observer, spectator)  |  kinal\\ (seer)           |    | 
-^ -auk   |  honauk\\ (gazer, lookout, voyeur)  |  kinauk\\ (beholder, spectator, witness)  |  thakauk\\ (illusion, phantom, vision, apparition)  | +^ -auk   |  honauk\\ (gazer, lookout, voyeur)       |  kinauk\\ (beholder, spectator, witness)  |  thakauk\\ (illusion, phantom, vision, apparition)  | 
-^ -aut   |  honaut\\ (observation)  |   |  thakaut\\ (manifestation, appearance)  | +^ -aut   |  honaut\\ (observation)                  |   |  thakaut\\ (manifestation, appearance)  | 
-^ -urm   |  honurm\\ (scope, outlook)  |  kinurm\\ (vision, eyesight, sense of sight)  |  thakurm\\ (visibility)  | +^ -urm   |  honurm\\ (scope, outlook)               |  kinurm\\ (vision, eyesight, sense of sight)  |  thakurm\\ (visibility)  | 
-^ -ûrz   |  honûrz\\ (looking)  | |  thakûrz\\ (visible)  |+^ -ûrz   |  honûrz\\ (looking)                      | |  thakûrz\\ (visible)  |
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