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| phonology [2025/05/09 17:15] – [Phonotactics] morgoth | phonology [2026/07/01 06:50] (current) – [Vowels] morgoth | ||
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| Some people assume that letter //û// indicates rounded close front sound //[y]// (because of transformation Saruman' | Some people assume that letter //û// indicates rounded close front sound //[y]// (because of transformation Saruman' | ||
| But such proposition is doubtful as circumflex indicates just the length of vowels in other Tolkien' | But such proposition is doubtful as circumflex indicates just the length of vowels in other Tolkien' | ||
| - | However if you want to create a subdialect of Nûrlâm with such feature, other long vowels should be transformed too, e.g. //î// often used to substitute //e// into //[ə]// or //[ɜː]//, //â// into //[æ]//, //ô// into //[øː]//. Subdialect may even include pair //e// (//[ə]//) and //ê// (// | + | However if you want to create a subdialect of Nûrlâm with such feature, other long vowels should be transformed too, e.g. //î// often used to substitute //e// into //[ə]// or //[ɜ]//, //â// into //[æ]//, //ô// into //[øː]//. Subdialect may even include pair //e// (//[ə]//) and //ê// (// |
| Some sub-dialects may differentiate between vowels with acute and circumflex according to Sindarin or their own rules (as in [[MERP]]), but Nûrlâm' | Some sub-dialects may differentiate between vowels with acute and circumflex according to Sindarin or their own rules (as in [[MERP]]), but Nûrlâm' | ||
| The vowel //i// may be realized as near-close [ɪ] or even as close central [ɨ] in some circumstances to avoid palatalization. | The vowel //i// may be realized as near-close [ɪ] or even as close central [ɨ] in some circumstances to avoid palatalization. | ||
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| **// | **// | ||
| - | Verb stems are allowed to end with consonant only. Other parts of speech may end also with vowels or diphthongs. | + | Verb stems are allowed to end with consonant only. Other parts of speech may also end with vowels or diphthongs. |
| The following consonant clusters are allowed at the start of the stem: | The following consonant clusters are allowed at the start of the stem: | ||
| Line 70: | Line 70: | ||
| * Fan additions: < | * Fan additions: < | ||
| * Nûrlâm additions: -kt, -lkh, -md, -mk, -msh, -mz, -nb, -nf, -rzh, -tr, -zhk; | * Nûrlâm additions: -kt, -lkh, -md, -mk, -msh, -mz, -nb, -nf, -rzh, -tr, -zhk; | ||
| - | * Theoretically possible, but not attested: -bg, -bzh, -dl, -dn, -gzh, -fm, -fn, -fp, -fk, -fs, -fsh, -fl, -kf, -khr, -kn, -kp, -ksh, -lf, -lsh, -mf, -mt, -np, -ns, -nzh, -pk, -pr, -pt, -sf, -shl, -shm, -shp, -shr, -zhg, -zhm, -zhn, -zhr, -zm, -zr; | + | * Theoretically possible, but not attested: -bg, -bzh, -dl, -dn, -gzh, -fk, -fl, -fm, -fn, -fp, -kf, -khr, -kn, -kp, -ksh, -lf, -lsh, -mf, -mt, -np, -ns, -nzh, -pk, -pr, -pt, -shl, -shm, -shp, -shr, -tk, -zhg, -zhm, -zhn, -zhr, -zm, -zr; |
| Some consonants in final clusters probably were intended as derivational suffixes of unknown meaning like //-b// in //durb-//. | Some consonants in final clusters probably were intended as derivational suffixes of unknown meaning like //-b// in //durb-//. | ||
| Nûrlâm suggests that consonants in cluster should be either voiced or unvoiced (nasals and glides may join any), so clusters like " | Nûrlâm suggests that consonants in cluster should be either voiced or unvoiced (nasals and glides may join any), so clusters like " | ||
| + | |||
| + | As a general rule, two or more consonants of the same category (nasal, stop, fricative, glide, rhotic) can't form a cluster. Exceptions are some combinations of stops: -db, -dg, -gb, -gd, -kt. | ||
| In some hard to pronounce consonant clusters the last consonant may become syllabic/ | In some hard to pronounce consonant clusters the last consonant may become syllabic/ | ||
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| ==== Intonation ==== | ==== Intonation ==== | ||
| - | Basing on citation from Appendix F to LOTR about language of orcs " | + | Basing on citation from Appendix F to LOTR about language of orcs being " |
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phonology.1746800157.txt.gz · Last modified: by morgoth
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