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mood_subjunctive [2021/07/10 00:25] – morgothmood_subjunctive [2026/07/19 01:14] (current) – morgoth
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 ====== Subjunctive mood ====== ====== Subjunctive mood ======
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 **//Subjunctive mood//** ([[abbreviations|abbreviated]] as SJV) is the [[grammar_mood|grammatical mood]] that is used to indicate various states of unreality, such as opinions, possibility, things that not occurred yet or things that already did not happen. It is mostly used in subordinate clauses, in conditional clauses (after "if") and after relative "that", however the latter may be sometimes expressed with [[grammar_gerundive|Gerundives]] instead. Subjunctive mood may occur in simple sentences too. **//Subjunctive mood//** ([[abbreviations|abbreviated]] as SJV) is the [[grammar_mood|grammatical mood]] that is used to indicate various states of unreality, such as opinions, possibility, things that not occurred yet or things that already did not happen. It is mostly used in subordinate clauses, in conditional clauses (after "if") and after relative "that", however the latter may be sometimes expressed with [[grammar_gerundive|Gerundives]] instead. Subjunctive mood may occur in simple sentences too.
  
-In [[Nûrlâm]] subjunctive mood is formed by adding suffix //-ulg// in place of markers of [[grammar_tense|tense]] and nonfinite forms. It may be considered as special tense, similar to English or French "future-in-the-past", like adding English auxiliary verb "would" before the verb, however it differs from English and may be applied to modal verbs (e.g. to transform "can" into "could"). Both subjective and objective [[pronouns]] may be added to the verb in subjunctive mood. In compound predicate (modal verb + infinitive) objective pronoun joins the infinitive. Examples:+In [[Nûrlâm]] subjunctive mood is formed by adding suffix //-ulg// in place of markers of [[grammar_tense|tense]] and nonfinite forms. It may be considered as special tense, similar to English or French "future-in-the-past", like adding English auxiliary verb "would" before the verb, however it differs from English and may be applied to modal verbs (e.g. to transform "can" into "could"). Both subjective and objective [[pronouns]] may be added to the verb in subjunctive mood. But subjunctive mood does not require 3rd person nominative suffixes "-â(t)" or "-û(t)". In compound predicate (modal verb + infinitive) objective pronoun joins the infinitive. Examples:
   * "I would bring the ring into Mordor" = "Dathrak__ulg__ nazgum Uzgbûrzishi"   * "I would bring the ring into Mordor" = "Dathrak__ulg__ nazgum Uzgbûrzishi"
-  * "You could hurt yourself!" = "Fipâsh__ulg__ skazg__ut__îm"+  * "You could hurt yourself!" = "Fipâsh__ulg__ rul__ut__îm"
  
 Some modalities require certain [[modal verbs]], in that case suffix //-ulg// is added to modal verb, while main verb is placed in [[grammar_infinitive|infinitive]] form. Some modalities require also specific expressions in addition to subjunctive form of verb. Some modalities require certain [[modal verbs]], in that case suffix //-ulg// is added to modal verb, while main verb is placed in [[grammar_infinitive|infinitive]] form. Some modalities require also specific expressions in addition to subjunctive form of verb.
 +
 +The grammatical form of subjunctive mood is used in following modalities:
 +  * with various conditions (in complex sentences):
 +      * Predictive (to express uncertain condition): "If he would/should leave the ring for himself, he will be corrupted by it" => "Ghung tarang__ulg__ nazgum îmûr, takub nirzat zarzi"
 +      * Suppositional (to express uncertain but desirable condition): "Could they come, I shall make a feast!" ⇒ "(Ghung) takpâsh__ulg__ skâtut, dakrampub ash birt"
 +      * Eventive (to express uncertain consequence of quite possible condition): "I would kill a dragon if you will bring me a magical sword" => "Dadog__ulg__ ash lûg ghung fithrakubiz ash lagdush"
 +      * Counterfactual (both condition and action of main sentence are uncertain or already didn't happen): "I would kill a dragon if haven't lost my magical sword" => "Dadog__ulg__ ash lûg ghung danarbûf__ulg__ lagdush dab"
 +  * With some variants of Desiderative modality (wishes, expressions of desire): "I'd fuck her" => "Dahtolulg nash" = "Dahtolulgan"((gender and animacy neutral))
 +  * Presumptive (condition without "if" expressed with verbs "imagine", "suppose", "let's assume", "be it so", "I think"): "Suppose he got the magical sword, he could defeat the dragon" => "Ton tabrashuz dush lagum, tapâsh__ulg__ faikut lûgum"
 +  * some forms of Dubitative: "Whoever the killer is, I will find him" => "Maikon thrugum __kulg__, dagimbuban"
 +  * Hypothetical (already didn't happen, similar to Counterfactual, but condition is not presented in the same sentence): "You could kill me!" => "Fipâshulg dogutiz"
 +  * Speculative (the statement made without any evidence): "They could kill the dragon (by) themselves" => "Takpâshulg dogut lûgum îmirzi".
 +
 +In [[syntax_analytic|analytic]] form of colloquial speech auxiliary verb //kulg// is placed before main verb in Past tense, or other modal verb in past tense together with //kulg// and main verb in infinitive (ending with //-at//). "Izg kulg" = "I would", in analogy with English and because of similarity of adjacent consonants, is often shortened to "Izg'ulg..." = "I'd ..." in colloquial analytical Nûrlâm.
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