Nûrlâm –
Black Speech
dialect wiki

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lessons:pronunciation [2023/10/01 22:23] – [Digraphs] morgothlessons:pronunciation [2024/12/10 21:26] (current) – morgoth
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-====== Orthography, pronunciation, phonology ======+====== Lessons — Orthography, pronunciation, phonology ======
 ===== Orthography ===== ===== Orthography =====
 In J.R.R. Tolkien's universe the Black Speech was written by Sauron using [[:Tengwar]] while Orcs preferred more simple [[:Cirth]]. Some fans invented their own alphabets, but they didn't become widespread. In J.R.R. Tolkien's universe the Black Speech was written by Sauron using [[:Tengwar]] while Orcs preferred more simple [[:Cirth]]. Some fans invented their own alphabets, but they didn't become widespread.
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 |  â  | [aː]  | | |  â  | [aː]  | |
 |  i  | [i] (([[wp>Close_front_unrounded_vowel]]))  | [ɪ] (([[wp>Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel]])) in diphthongs (see below) and some sub-dialects, especially after //l//, //sh// and //zh// | |  i  | [i] (([[wp>Close_front_unrounded_vowel]]))  | [ɪ] (([[wp>Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel]])) in diphthongs (see below) and some sub-dialects, especially after //l//, //sh// and //zh// |
-|  î  | [iː]  | [y] (([[wp>Close_front_rounded_vowel]])) in some dialects, but not welcomed in Nûrlâm |+|  î  | [iː]  | |
 |  o  | [o] (([[wp>Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel]]))  | | |  o  | [o] (([[wp>Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel]]))  | |
 |  ô  | [oː]  | | |  ô  | [oː]  | |
 |  u  | [u] (([[wp>Close_back_rounded_vowel]]))  | [ʊ] (([[wp>Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel]])) in diphthongs (see below) and some sub-dialects | |  u  | [u] (([[wp>Close_back_rounded_vowel]]))  | [ʊ] (([[wp>Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel]])) in diphthongs (see below) and some sub-dialects |
-|  û  | [uː]  | |+|  û  | [uː]  | [y] (([[wp>Close_front_rounded_vowel]])) in some dialects, but not welcomed in Nûrlâm |
  
 Letter //i// does **not** palatalize the previous consonant. Letter //i// does **not** palatalize the previous consonant.
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 |  dh  | [ð] (([[wp>Voiced_dental_fricative]])) | as in "brea**//th//**e" | |  dh  | [ð] (([[wp>Voiced_dental_fricative]])) | as in "brea**//th//**e" |
 | ::: | [d̪ʰ] | aspirated //d// in some dialects, especially after vowels | | ::: | [d̪ʰ] | aspirated //d// in some dialects, especially after vowels |
-|  gh  | [ɣ] (([[wp>Voiced_velar_fricative]])) | partially devoiced //g//; as in second syllable of this [[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Ady-%D1%87%D1%8A%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B.oga|sample]]; as //g// before voiced consonants in Icelandic; as Ukrainian //г// or Russian //г// in some dialects, at words' boundaries when first word ends with //г//, and the second starts with voiced consonants, or in some borrowed words or few interjections, e.g. "бо**//г д//**ал", "бу**//хг//**алтер", "у**//г//**у"; \\ please note that many examples in Wikipedia article provided resemble more to some sort of "r" rather than "g". |+|  gh  | [ɣ] (([[wp>Voiced_velar_fricative]])) | partially devoiced //g//; as in second syllable of this [[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Ady-%D1%87%D1%8A%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B.oga|sample]]; as //g// before voiced consonants in Icelandic; as Ukrainian //г// or Russian //г// in some dialects, at words' boundaries when first word ends with //г//, and the second starts with voiced consonants, or in some borrowed words or few interjections, e.g. "бо**//г д//**ал", "бу**//хг//**алтер", "у**//г//**у"; \\ please note that many examples provided in Wikipedia article are closer to some sort of "r" rather than "g". |
 | ::: | [gʰ] | aspirated //g// in some dialects, especially after vowels | | ::: | [gʰ] | aspirated //g// in some dialects, especially after vowels |
 |  kh  | [x] (([[wp>Voiceless_velar_fricative]])) | as in Scottish English "lo**//ch//**"; as in Standard German "Bu**//ch//**" (but not "i**//ch//**"!); as Russian letter "//х//" | |  kh  | [x] (([[wp>Voiceless_velar_fricative]])) | as in Scottish English "lo**//ch//**"; as in Standard German "Bu**//ch//**" (but not "i**//ch//**"!); as Russian letter "//х//" |
lessons/pronunciation.1696188191.txt.gz · Last modified: by morgoth
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