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--- lessons:nouns [2023/02/12 10:49] – [New words] morgoth
+++ lessons:nouns [2024/12/10 21:26] (current) – morgoth
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-====== Nouns and Articles ======
+====== Lessons — Nouns and Articles ======
 The grammar of nouns in [[:Nûrlâm]] may be quite difficult, but we'll start from easy parts of it. Nouns in Nûrlâm do not have distinction in animacy, gender((kinda, you can specify biological gender of living creatures with //feminitive// suffix, but we'll discuss it in later lessons)) and even number! Yes, Nûrlâm do not have plural suffixes for nouns, moreover nouns are plural by default! For example "golug" may refer to one elf or many elves, but probably more than one. But how to specify that we are speaking about one person or object? Articles come to help!
@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 ===== New words =====
 Memorize the following words:
-  * ash (one)
+  * ash (one, a, an)
-  * burz (darkness)
   * dog (slayer)
-  * dug (filth)
-  * dush (sorcery, witchcraft)
-  * ghâsh (fire)
-  * ghor (blood)
   * golug (elf, elves)
   * gûl (phantom, wraith)
@@ Line 32: / Line 27: @@
   * mauh (warrior)
   * nazg (ring)
-  * nîn (water)
   * olog (troll)
-  * push (shit, dung, excrements)
   * rod (mountain)
   * tark (man, men, human)
@@ Line 40: / Line 33: @@
   * za (the, this, these)
+-------------------------------------------
+===== Countable and uncountable nouns =====
+Some nouns are uncountable, they are usually marked in the dictionary of Nûrlâm. You can't use indefinite article "ash" with uncountable nouns. However definite articles may be used with them. Don't worry much about memorizing the distinction between countable and uncountable nouns. If you can add a number before noun in English, than the noun in countable, if the result makes not much sense in English (e.g. "five waters"), than the noun is uncountable.
+==== New words ====
+The following words are uncountable:
+  * burz (darkness)
+  * dug (filth, dirt)
+  * dush (sorcery, witchcraft)
+  * ghâsh (fire)
+  * ghor (blood)
+  * nîn (water)
+  * push (shit, dung, excrements)
+----------------------
+===== Exercise 1 =====
+Translate from English into Nûrlâm:
+  - the dragon
+  - an elf
+  - the eyes
+  - the filth
+  - the mountain
+  - the orcs
+  - a sword
+  - a troll
+  - the waters
+  - the wraith
+<hidden show answers>
+  - lûgum / za lûg
+  - ash golug
+  - za hont
+  - dugum / za dug
+  - rodum / za rod
+  - za uruk
+  - ash lag
+  - ash olog
+  - za nîn
+  - gûlum / za gûl
+</hidden>
+----------------------
+===== Exercise 2 =====
+Translate from Nûrlâm into English
+  - burzum
+  - ash dog
+  - dushum
+  - za ghâsh
+  - ghorum
+  - za lug
+  - ash mauh
+  - ash nazg
+  - pushum
+  - za uruk
+<hidden show answers>
+  - the darkness / the dark
+  - a slayer / one slayer
+  - the sorcery
+  - the fires / the fire / these fires / this fire
+  - the blood
+  - the towers / the tower / these towers / this tower
+  - a warrior / one warrior
+  - a ring / one ring
+  - the shit / the dung / the excrements
+  - the orcs / the orc / these orcs / this orc
+</hidden>
 --------------------
 ===== See also =====

Nûrlâm –Black Speech dialect wiki

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Nûrlâm –
Black Speech
dialect wiki