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lessons:declension_classes

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lessons:declension_classes [2023/10/01 22:31] – [New words] morgothlessons:declension_classes [2025/03/21 10:51] (current) – [Declension classes in longer chains] morgoth
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-====== Declension classes ======+====== Lessons — Declension classes ======
 All nouns we learnt in one of the previous lessons were ending with consonant, so adding definite article "//-um//" wasn't a problem. But what if there were some words ending with a vowel? Then, definite article is changed to just "**//-m//**", e.g. "slave" is "snaga", and "the slave" is "snaga__m__". Groups of words that are changed similarly during inflection are called "**//declension classes//**".  All nouns we learnt in one of the previous lessons were ending with consonant, so adding definite article "//-um//" wasn't a problem. But what if there were some words ending with a vowel? Then, definite article is changed to just "**//-m//**", e.g. "slave" is "snaga", and "the slave" is "snaga__m__". Groups of words that are changed similarly during inflection are called "**//declension classes//**". 
  
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   * tau (forest)   * tau (forest)
   * zrî (joy, fun)((uncountable))   * zrî (joy, fun)((uncountable))
 +
 +<WRAP center round info 60%>
 +**Congratulations! Now you've learned more than 100 words!**
 +</WRAP>
  
 You may notice, that most of them actually end with a diphthong, so technically a semi-vowel, but nonetheless they all belong to declension class II. You may notice, that most of them actually end with a diphthong, so technically a semi-vowel, but nonetheless they all belong to declension class II.
  
-All adjectives also have two declension classes depending on if the word ends with a consonant or vowel.+All adjectives also have two declension classes depending on whether the word ends with a consonant or a vowel.
  
 ===== Declension classes in longer chains ===== ===== Declension classes in longer chains =====
-Every addition of suffix or clitic should be done according to declension class of the previous part. For example the word "slave" (=> "snaga") belongs to declension class II, adding adjective "dirty" ("dug") to say "filthy snaga" changes the resulting word "snagadug" to class I. Thus "the slave" becomes "snaga__m__", but "the filthy slave" becomes "snagadug__um__". On the contrary, "orc" (= "uruk", declension class I) becomes "uruk__um__" with article "the", but adding adjective ending with vowel like "sta" (= "short") converts it to declension class II: "uruksta__m__". Some suffixes are the same for both declension classes, like word "za" (this): "this slave" = "snaga__za__", "this orc" = "uruk__za__".+Every addition of suffix or clitic should be done according to declension class of the previous part. For example the word "slave" (=> "snaga") belongs to declension class II, adding adjective "dirty" ("dug") to say "filthy snaga" changes the resulting word "snagadug" to class I. Thus "the slave" becomes "snaga__m__", but "the filthy slave" becomes "snagadug__um__". On the contrary, "orc" (= "uruk", declension class I) becomes "uruk__um__" with article "the", but adding adjective ending with vowel like "sta" (= "short") converts it to declension class II: "uruksta__m__". Some suffixes are the same for both declension classes, like word "za" (this): "this slave" = "snaga__za__", "this orc" = "uruk__za__". This behavior is similar to choosing "a" or "an" article in English, when inserting an adjective before a noun may change the used article ("a story" vs. "an interesting story").
  
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lessons/declension_classes.1696188715.txt.gz · Last modified: by morgoth
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