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--- lessons:adverbs_1 [2023/10/02 15:32] – created morgoth
+++ lessons:adverbs_1 [2024/12/10 21:32] (current) – morgoth
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-====== Descriptive words: Adverbs ======
+====== Lessons — Descriptive words: Adverbs ======
-Adverbs are the words that modify verbs (hence the name) and other descriptive words. Adverbs usually express location (place, space), time and frequency, manner. There are not many adverbs in Nûrlâm's dictionary:
+**//Adverbs//** are the words that modify verbs (hence the name) and other descriptive words. Adverbs usually express location (place, space), time and frequency, manner. There are not many adverbs in Nûrlâm's dictionary:
 ==== New words ====
@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 ==== New words ====
+  * lad (late) < adj. "late" -- time
   * raih (seldom, rarely) < adj. "rare" -- time, frequency
   * thil (often, frequently) < adj. "frequent" -- time, frequency
+  * tug (only, just) < adj. "single, only" -- frequency, manner
   * zârsh (today) < noun -- time
@@ Line 22: / Line 24: @@
   * akt__ûrz__ (precise) => akt__arz__ (precisely) -- manner
   * durt (sure) => durt__arz__ (surely, of course) -- manner
-  * hîs (fast, quick) => hîs__arz__ (quickly) -- manner
+  * hîs (fast, quick) => hîs__arz__ (quickly, fast) -- manner
+  * kîb (to live) => kîb__arz__ (alive) -- manner
   * kog (true, real) => kog__arz__ (truly, really, actually, indeed) -- manner
 ===== Word order =====
 The following rules are applied to position of adverbs in sentence:
-  - if adverb modifies the verb, it should be placed **after** the verb and it's object: __the fire__ <wrap wavy_underline>quickly</wrap> <wrap double_underline>burns</wrap> <wrap dashed_underline>the forest</wrap> => __ghâshum__ <wrap double_underline>ghâshâ</wrap> <wrap dashed_underline>taum</wrap> <wrap wavy_underline>hîsarz</wrap>;
+  - if adverb modifies the verb, it should be placed **after** the verb //and// it's object: __the fire__ <wrap wavy_underline>quickly</wrap> <wrap double_underline>burns</wrap> <wrap dashed_underline>the forest</wrap> => __ghâshum__ <wrap double_underline>ghâshâ</wrap> <wrap dashed_underline>taum</wrap> <wrap wavy_underline>hîsarz</wrap>;
   - if adverb modifies the adjective that precedes the noun, then adverb is placed **before** the adjective: <wrap dashed_underline>very</wrap> <wrap wavy_underline>old</wrap> __dirt__ => <wrap  dashed_underline>sharz</wrap> <wrap wavy_underline>kû</wrap> __dug__;
   - if adverb modifies the adjective that is placed after the noun, then adverb is placed **after** the adjective: <wrap dashed_underline>really</wrap> <wrap wavy_underline>hot</wrap> __water__ => __nîn__ <wrap wavy_underline>gashûrz</wrap> <wrap dashed_underline>kogarz</wrap>;
@@ Line 35: / Line 38: @@
 ===== Exercise 1 =====
 Translate from English into Nûrlâm:
+  - bring the slaves alive
   - come together
-  - fly up
+  - demons rarely fly
+  - elves eat only fruits and bread
+  - the man comes precisely
+  - the slayer often kills
+  - too hot dragon
+  - these eyes see a very scary orc
+  - warriors are resting today
+  - wraiths surely rule this tower
+<hidden show answers>
+  - thrak za snaga kîbarz
+  - skât sha
+  - rog skoirû raih
+  - golug throkhû gau agh mazg tug
+  - tarkum skâtâ aktarz
+  - dogum dogâ thil
+  - mag gashûrz lûg / lûg gashûrz mag
+  - za hont kinû ash sharz uf uruk / za hont kinû ash uruk uf sharz
+  - mau kâtû zârsh / mauh kâtû zârsh
+  - gûl durbû za lug durtarz
+</hidden>
+----------------------
 ===== Exercise 2 =====
 Translate from Nûrlâm:
+  - ash olog tûrz sharz
+  - gazatum lorâ zârsh
+  - golug throkhû âps raih
+  - gûth udug mink mauh
+  - kogarz bhog saub
+  - tark gimbû hlum hîsarz
+  - ukh tîr
+  - urukum maukû sha
+  - za shra skâtâ mag lad
+  - za snaga kâtâ mag
+<hidden show answers>
+  - a very fat troll
+  - the dwarf sleeps today
+  - elves rarely eat meat
+  - almost seven thousand warriors / nearly seven thousand warriors / almost 7000 warriors / nearly 7000 warriors
+  - really good juice
+  - humans quickly bring the clothes
+  - go straight
+  - orcs fight together
+  - this person comes too late
+  - this slave rests too much
+</hidden>
+----------------------
 ===== Exercise 3 =====
-Make new adverb from adjectives you have learnt before:
+Make new adverbs from adjectives you've learnt before:
+  - bad (fik) => badly
+  - good (bhog) => well
+  - heavy (bûrd) => heavily
+  - long (rodh) => [for a] long
+  - strong (bolg) => strongly
+<hidden show answers>
+  - fikarz
+  - bhogarz
+  - bûrdarz
+  - rodharz
+  - bolgarz
+</hidden>
+--------------------
+===== See also =====
+  * [[:lessons|All lessons]]
+  * [[:grammar_adverb|Grammar of adverbs]]
+  * [[:syntax_adverbials|Adverbials]]

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