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Black Speech
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include:suffix_chain_verb [2022/04/24 12:26] – added passive marker morgothinclude:suffix_chain_verb [2024/09/17 11:16] (current) – morgoth
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 ====== Suffix chain of verbs ====== ====== Suffix chain of verbs ======
  
-^ Position ^  Meaning  ^^ +^ Position ^  Meaning  ^^^ 
-^ :::      ^  Standard  ^  Modern/colloquial speech  ^ +^ :::      ^  Standard  ^^  Modern/colloquial speech  ^ 
-|  -4 |  person (subject/agent pronoun)\\ (da-, fi-, ta-)  | | +|  -4 |  [[:grammar_person|person]] (subject/agent pronoun)\\ (da-, fi-, ta-)  ||  ∅\\ //(written standalone)//  | 
-|  -3 |  negation\\ (nar-)  || +|  -3 |  [[:syntax_negative|negation]]\\ (nar-)  ||| 
-|  -2 |  interrogative mood\\ (mar-)  || +|  -2 |  [[:mood_interrogative|interrogative mood]]\\ (mar-)  ||| 
-|  -1 |  derivational prefix\\ (kru-, ri-, thu-)  || +|  -1 |  [[:prefixes|derivational prefix]]\\ (kru-, ri-, thu-)  ||| 
-|  **0** |  **root**  || +|  **0** |  **root**  ||| 
-|   1 |  passive voice marker\\ (-âk) | | +|   1 |  [[:grammar_voice|passive voice]] marker\\ (-âk)  |  suffixes of nonfinite forms\\ (infinitive or participles: -at, -ut, -ag, -uga, etc.)  |  suffixes of nonfinite forms\\ (infinitive or participles: -at, -ut, -ag, -uga, etc.)\\ \\ //(replace other grammatical categories in positions 1 and 2 with [[:verb_to_be|copula]] + verb or participle)//  | 
-|   2 |  tense\\ (-ub, -uz)  | | +|   2 |  [[:grammar_tense|tense]]\\ (-ub, -uz)  | ::: | ::: | 
-| ::: |  subjunctive mood\\ (-ulg)  | | +| ::: |  [[:mood_subjunctive|subjunctive mood]]\\ (-ulg)  | ::: | ::: | 
-| ::: |  suffixes of nonfinite forms\\ (infinitive or participles: -at, -ut, -ag, -uga, etc.)   || +|   3 |  number/3rd person clitic((only when subject is not a personal pronoun, e.g. noun, relative or indefinite pronoun))\\ (-â, -û)  ||  number of participle\\ (-û, -z)  | 
-|   3 |  number/3rd person clitic((only when subject is not a personal pronoun, e.g. noun, relative or indefinite pronoun))\\ (-â, -û)  |  number of participle\\ (-û, -z)  | +|  3a |  auxiliary suffix //-t-//\\ (used only between positions 2 and 3, 2 and 4, 2 and 5;\\ absent if position 2 is final)  || ::: | 
-|  3a |  auxiliary suffix //-t-//\\ (used only between positions 2 and 3, 2 and 4, 2 and 5;\\ absent if position 2 is final)  | ::: | +|  4 |  object pronoun((only in accusative/objective or absolutive case))  ||  object pronoun((only with 3rd person accusative))  | 
-|  4 |  object pronoun((only in accusative/objective or absolutive case))  |  object pronoun((only with 3rd person accusative))  | +| ::: |  reflexive pronoun\\ (-îm)  ||  ∅\\ //(written standalone)//  | 
-| ::: |  reflexive pronoun\\ (-îm)  | ::: | +| ::: |  cooperative marker\\ (-sha)(("together"))   ||  ∅\\ //(written standalone)//  | 
-| ::: |  cooperative marker\\ (-sha)(("together"))   | ::: | +|   5 |  [[:suffix_derivational|derivational suffix]]\\ (extremely rare, usually some clitic adverb or adposition)  ||  ∅  | 
-|   5 |  derivational suffix\\ (usually some clitic adverb or adposition)  | | +|   6 |  [[:grammar_aspect|aspect]]\\ (clitic adverb: -ûk, -ok, -âzh)  ||  ∅\\ //(written standalone, -ûk is still used sometimes)//  |
-|   6 |  aspect\\ (clitic adverb: -ûk, -ok, -âzh)  | |+
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