Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

--- grammar_mood [2023/03/18 19:51] – [Chart of irrealis verb forms] morgoth
+++ grammar_mood [2026/07/19 01:19] (current) – clarification about Subjunctive mood morgoth
@@ Line 82: / Line 82: @@
 | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | | I need to eat = Dabolk throkh__ut__ |
 | ::: | The same with [[grammar_gerundive|Gerundives]] and impersonal constructions (like "it's necessary", "it's important" and others) instead of modal verbs, more laconical way | | GERV | | It's important that orcs capture these hobbits = Hormarz dik__at__ kudugza urukirzi((lit. "Importantly these hobbits to be captured by orcs")) |
-| ::: | Order or command was not directly from speaker but through some mediate person. Speaker did not issued the command, but only repeat order of 3rd person. Main sentence explains who gave the order using such verbs as "command", "order", "demand", "insist", "request", "recommend", "propose", "suggest", "expect". Similar to Desiderative, but with sense of obligation like Imperative, and explicit using of objective "you" (//af//, //am//) | | any | GERV | Morgoth demands that you were there by next morning = Morgoth thukhulâtaf __kulat__ zîgin ik ânshabirzi((Morgoth over-request=2PL.OBJ be.GERV there before morning=next=by)) |
+| ::: | Order or command was not directly from speaker but through some mediate person. Speaker did not issued the command, but only repeat order of 3rd person. Main sentence explains who gave the order using such verbs as "command", "order", "demand", "insist", "request", "recommend", "propose", "suggest", "expect". Similar to Desiderative, but with sense of obligation like Imperative, and explicit using of objective "you" (//af//, //am//) | | any | GERV | Morgoth demands that you were there by next morning = Morgoth thukhûlâtaf __kulat__ zîgin ik ânshabirzi((Morgoth over-request=2PL.OBJ be.GERV there before morning=next=by)) |
 |  Volitive (desire, wishes and hope)  ||||||
 | Optative / Benedictive | wish somebody something | gâkh.IMP | IMP | | May the force be with you! = __Gâkh__ balum kul fisha |
@@ Line 91: / Line 91: @@
 | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | = Da __irmulg__ lagdab __kulg__ zin |
 | ::: | wish that somebody will do something, similar to Jussive but without obligation | ::: | ::: | GERV | Master wants you to find the ring = Goth hiz__ât__af gimb__at__ nazgum |
-| ::: | wish action to happen, wish to be able to do an action | ::: | INF | - | I want (to go/be) out = Da__hiz__ ukh__ut__ lût |
+| ::: | wish action to happen, wish to be able to do an action | ::: | INF | - | I want (to go/be) out = Da__hiz__ ukh__ut__ lûtor |
 | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | He wants <del>to</del> fly = Ta__hiz__ skoir__ut__ |
 | ::: | the same as above but without using modal verbs | | SJV | - | I would drink! = Dashog__ulg__ |
@@ Line 130: / Line 130: @@
 | Speculative | In contrast to Assumptive modality, speaker has no evidence or prerequisites for his statement. Similar to Hypothetical and Conditional-Counterfactual. | pâsh (can) / ilf (may) / kul (be) in SJV | INF | | The hobbits could stole it! = Kudug __pâshulg__ orsk__ut__an |
 | [[mood_subjunctive|Subjunctive]] | In simple clauses without modal verbs. Similar to hypothetical and conditional-counterfactual. Similar to expression "(one) want (do something)" but indicates that something prevents / prevented the wish from happening (see Desiderative modalities). | | (any) | SJV | I would drink = Dashog__ulg__ |
-| ::: | In dependent clauses in combination with other modalities (e.g. presumptive), usually after conjunctions "so that", "in order that" or just "that". Also in conditional sentences (see Conditional modality) | | ::: | ::: | I suppose that orcs won = Daton zamash uruk faik__ulg__ |
+| ::: | In dependent clauses in combination with other modalities (e.g. presumptive), usually after conjunctions "so that", "in order that" or just "that". Also in conditional sentences (see Conditional modality) and after expressions like "I suppose", "I think", etc. | | ::: | ::: | I suppose that orcs won = Daton zamash uruk faik__ulg__ |
 | ::: | In comparisons (as if, like) | | ::: | ::: | You speak so as if I did something wrong = Figashn zash ghung dakramp__ulg__ ashmûd firk |
 | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | Dragon looked at hobbit like he were going to eat him = Lûg honuzâ kudugu oth tapant__ulg__ thrakutan |
@@ Line 140: / Line 140: @@
 | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | Who did this? = Mai __mar__krampuz za? |
 | ::: | Alternative questions | | INT + (any) | INT + (any) | Did you go to the forest or did you return home? = Fi__mar__ukhuz taushi ogh fi__mar__kruskâtuz mokh? |
-| ::: | ::: | ::: | INT + any tense | | Did you go left or right? = Fi__mar__ukhuz farkh ogh forg? |
+| ::: | ::: | ::: | INT + any tense | | Did you go left or right? = Fi__mar__ukhuz farkhu ogh forgu? |
 | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | To be or not to be = Markulut ogh narmarkulut? |
 | ::: | Disjunctive questions | | (any) | INT((repeat main verb or use just prefix "mar" standalone)) | You killed that dragon, didn't you? = Fidoguz zîg lûg, fi__mar__doguz? = Fidoguz zîg lûg, __mar__? |
 | ::: | Combination with other modalities | | INT + (any) | | Will you kill the dragon? ((with Inferential/Potential modality)) = Fi__mar__dog__ub__ lûgum? |
 | ::: | ::: | INT + (any) | any((according to other modality)) | | Can you kill the dragon? = Fi__marpâsh__ dogut lûgum? |
-|  Dependent circumstances  ||||||
+^  Dependent circumstances  ||||||
 | Dynamic((included into deontic group of modalities in some classifications)) | (can/will) | pâsh.PRES (can) | INF | | I can sing (right now) = Da__pâsh__ lash__ut__ |
 | ::: | ::: | pâsh.PST (could) | INF | | I could sing (in the past) = Da__pâshuz__ lash__ut__ |
@@ Line 151: / Line 151: @@
 | Conditional | the complex sentence consists of two parts: condition - starts with words "ghung" (= if) or "amil" (= when); action if condition is true. There are several combinations of probability of condition and action to happen: | | | | |
 | ::: | factual (both condition and action are regular or already happened in the past together) | | PRES | PRES | I sing when I drink = Dalash amil dashog |
-| ::: | predictive (similar to potential and comissive modalities) - in sentences about future | | FUT | FUT | If he steals our food, we will kill him = Ghung ta orsk__ub__ throk dakob, dakdog__ub__an |
+| ::: | predictive (similar to potential and comissive modalities) -- in sentences about future | | FUT | FUT | If he steals our food, we will kill him = Ghung ta orsk__ub__ throk dakob, dakdog__ub__an |
 | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | ::: | If I (will) drink I will sing = Ghung dashog__ub__ dalash__ub__ |
 | ::: | predictive (when speaker is unsure if condition will happen, but if it does, the action will be almost real) | | FUT | SJV | If he should get the money he will buy a horse = Ghung tasnab__ulg__ draug, tatûz__ub__ lûkh |

Nûrlâm –Black Speech dialect wiki

User Tools

Site Tools

Differences

Nûrlâm –
Black Speech
dialect wiki