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grammar_gender [2019/03/14 09:30] – created morgothgrammar_gender [2020/05/23 00:32] (current) – [Grammatical gender and animacy] morgoth
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-====== Gender and animacy ======+====== Grammatical gender and animacy ====== 
 +Most Black Speech [[black_speech_dialects|dialects]] copy English grammar in gender: nouns do not have this category but 3rd person singular pronouns split in three genders: masculine, feminine and neutral. Anyway gender has no special impact on inflection. [[black_speech_dialects#shadowlandian|Shadowlandian dialect]] differentiates nouns basing on relation to persons (names of races, professions, titles) which has no plural form, but other animated (e.g. animals) and all unanimated nouns have it. However pronouns are divided according to animacy (who/what, he/it, etc.). 
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 +===== In Nûrlâm ===== 
 +Nûrlâm dialect treats all nouns and pronouns as plural and unanimated by default. Therefore English [[pronouns]] like //who// and //what// are supposed to be translated with the same word. But it's considered that under influence of other languages pronouns split into two categories based on animacy, and 3rd person singular //standalone// pronouns also divided by gender: common 3rd person singular pronoun "ta" becomes masculine only (he), [[proform|demonstrative pronoun]] "za" (this) becomes also neuter (it) and feminine "na" (she) borrowed from Svartiska. But division of 3rd person pronouns in gender has no influence on grammar as standalone pronouns used primarily in analytic constructions denying suffixes in favor of expressing grammar with word order.  
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 +Despite lacking of grammar gender for nouns the biological gender of person or animal can be clarified with 'feminizer' suffix -//niz//  (like English suffix -//ess// or prefix //she-//) which only impact on grammar is changing word [[declension_classes|declension class]] to the first. Thus //-niz// belongs to word derivational suffixes rather than inflectional (grammatical) ones.
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