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Basic words for directions (such as left, down, inside, etc.) are nouns in Nûrlâm, but pro-forms “here” and “there” can be also included into this category. Locative cases' postpositions are used to express relative positions of objects or direction of their movement. For example the word “latr” means “bottom side”, it cannot be used as is to express that something is going down, so it should be put in allative case.
Some postpositions of locative cases already express position or direction by their own (no need to say “to the inside of the house” when you can just say “inside the house”), but in Nûrlâm they still cannot be used stand-alone without a noun.
Relative expressions clarifying which side of which object is mentioned are formed with Genitive case (-ob), and expressions describing initial position or reference point are usually formed with Ablative case (-bo). Please, consult “Comments” column of the dictionary's entries of directional words.
| Direction, side | Adjective | Static | Approaching | Entering | Leaving |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| left farkh | left farkhûrz | at the left farkhor | to the left, leftwards farkhu | into the left farkhishi | from the left farkhbo |
| right forg | right forgûrz | at the right forgor | to the right, rightwards forgu | into the right forgishi | from the right forgbo |
| front drom | front, forward dromûrz | at the front, ahead, before dromor | to the front, forwards, frontwards, ahead dromu | into the front dromishi | from the front drombo |
| back, rear, hind krûm | back, backward, rear, hind(er), posterior krûmûrz | at the back, at the rear, behind krûmor | to the rear, backwards, rearward, hindward, krûmu | into the back, into the rear krûmishi | from the back, from the rear krûmbo |
| top, up talm | top, topward, upper talûrz 1) | at the top, on top, above talmir 2) | to the top, up, upwards, topwards, above talmu | into the top, talmishi | from top, from above talmbo |
| bottom, down latr | bottom, down, downward, lower latûrz 3) | at the bottom, on the bottom, beneath, below, down there latrir 4) | to the bottom, down, downwards, below, underneath latru | into the bottom latrishi | from the bottom, from below latrah 5) |
In colloquial speech the more formal expressions with nouns may use the wrong cases: substitute Ablative case with Genitive in relative expressions, or use Allative and Illative cases with directional words themselves interchangeably.
Some of the expressions described above are clunky. It's impossible to express relative adverbials (e.g. “go higher”) using expressions based on nouns. And so, like in English, which has some synonyms of directional words of Germanic and Romance origin, some shorter adverbs appeared in Nûrlâm. They can be used to describe static position or motion towards that direction.