This page will contain list of verbs not included into other categories or which may belong to several at once.
English | Nûrlâm | Part of speech | Etymology | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|
accomplish | kramp- | v | LOS; compare with Quenya and Sindarin “car” < Etym. “KAR” | use Perfective aspect (-ûk) to clarify meanings “to accomplish”, “carry out”, “execute” |
act | okt- | v | NL, merging “ok” with Primitive Elvish “okma” (an evil deed), Qenya “ohta-karo” (act of war); resemblance to English “act” is accidental or through Tolkien’s pun in QL | |
agitate | pamp- | v | NL < Qenya “pampinë” (tremor, earthquake) (n), also Qenya “pal-” | intransitive only, sound-imitating word |
aid | bhok- | v | NL < LOS “fhok” < SV “vok”; changed according to phonetical system of Nûrlâm with (semi-)coincidental resemblance to “bhog” (good) | used with verb in infinitive; receiver of help is in dative case; object of aid (usually verbal noun) is in comitative case |
arise | tulg- | v | NL < LOS “tulk-” (to lift, raise) < SV | stand up, rise from the dead, rise in rank |
arrange | srinkh- | v | LL (to gather) NL suggests fictional proto-word “skrinkht” to connect “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” with Sindarin “critha-” (reap) < Etym. “KIRIK” (gather, collect, reap), Primitive Elvish “k'rikta-” | to get together and sort; to gather in some order |
ascend | tulg- | v | NL < LOS “tulk-” (to lift, raise) < SV | stand up, rise from the dead, rise in rank |
assist | bhok- | v | NL < LOS “fhok” < SV “vok”; changed according to phonetical system of Nûrlâm with (semi-)coincidental resemblance to “bhog” (good) | used with verb in infinitive; receiver of help is in dative case; object of aid (usually verbal noun) is in comitative case |
attempt | tugl- | v | all major BS dialects < MB | |
avenge | grûth- | v | NL < Gnomish “gruith” (deed of horror, vengeance) | |
avoid | narl- | v | SV; probably from negative particle “nar” | use with object in Ablative case |
become | thôl- | v | NL < merging Sindarin “tho”, Gnomish “tû” and Quenya “ol” | transformation, changing the state of subject |
behave | okt- | v | NL, merging “ok” with Primitive Elvish “okma” (an evil deed), Qenya “ohta-karo” (act of war); resemblance to English “act” is accidental or through Tolkien’s pun in QL | |
bespot | yarg- | v | NL < SV “jargz-” < MERP “jargza-”; compare with Scottish “yird” | |
betroth | fir- | v | NL < Quenya “veru” (married pair) < Etym. “BES” (to wed); compare with Old English “fere” | use with object in Comitative case |
bless | bhogh- | v | NL < HG “bhoghât-” < “bhog” (cf.) | |
bloat | folg- | v | NL < Gnomish “polc” (fat) < Primitive Elvish “PULU” (to swell); compare with LOS “folk-” (to hoard, stock) | |
block | gukr- | v | all major dialects < MB | |
break | shot- | v | NL < DS “shotag” < Etym. “SKAT” | add “ri” as prefix or suffix to clarify meaning “interrupt” |
burrow | yarg- | v | NL < SV “jargz-” < MERP “jargza-”; compare with Scottish “yird” | |
bury | yarg- | v | NL < SV “jargz-” < MERP “jargza-”; compare with Scottish “yird” | |
carry out | kramp- | v | LOS; compare with Quenya and Sindarin “car” < Etym. “KAR” | use Perfective aspect (-ûk) to clarify meanings “to accomplish”, “carry out”, “execute” |
cause | tait- | v | NL, merging Gnomish “caith” and Quenya “tyar-” < Etym. “KYAR” (do, make, cause); compare with LOS “tûr-” of the same etymology | |
cease | puzg- | v | LOS < Quenya “pusta” < Etym. “PUS” | with suffix of partial aspect (“-âzh”) means “to suspend, postpone” |
chain | gain- | v | NL < LOS “gai-” < Quenya “Angainor”; modified according to Nûrlâm's rules | |
change | bhad- | v | HG; compare with Gnomish “far(o)n” (separate, different, strange) and NL “bhan-” (depart) | change the state or quality of object (not self) into another |
classify | srinkh- | v | LL (to gather) NL suggests fictional proto-word “skrinkht” to connect “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” with Sindarin “critha-” (reap) < Etym. “KIRIK” (gather, collect, reap), Primitive Elvish “k'rikta-” | to get together and sort; to gather in some order |
clean | thig- | v | NL < LOS “thag-” < SV, MERP < Albanian “thaj” (to dry); changed to avoid ambiguity with HORN (“ten”) and DS (“more”) and get rid of Albanian cognate; compare with Gnomish “thisc” (adj), “thista-”, “suitha-” (v); see also “thizg” | clean dry |
close | gukr- | v | all major dialects < MB | |
come to pass | ghugsh- | v | SV, HG < MB “gûg” | |
compel | ikh- | v | LOS | see also “durb-” |
conceal | fauth- | v | EL, all major dialects (to lie hidden) | intransitive |
confuse | girz- | v | HG | |
connect | gaid- | v | NL, merging LOS “gai” (chain) with NL “gint-” (add) with Gnomish “gada” (to join, connect, unite) < Etym. “YAT”, roots “ẎATA”, “YAN” [2] | usually reflexive |
correspond (to) | mbursh- | v | LOS < MB (n) | use with object in comitative case |
count in | drohik- | v | NL, see “dro”, “hik” | to add to set, list; indirect object in Illative case |
cover | lâz- | v | LOS < MB | |
damage | rul- | v | LOS (damage, harm) | part of body or inanimate object - with Accusative case; person - in Dative case |
discover | badz- | v | LOS < HG; probably from Early Quenya “patsima” (wide open, adj.) | |
do | kramp- | v | LOS; compare with Quenya and Sindarin “car” < Etym. “KAR” | use Perfective aspect (-ûk) to clarify meanings “to accomplish”, “carry out”, “execute” |
dwell | fulg- | v | LOS (RE) < Valarin “phelûn” (dwelling) | |
ease | largh- | v | NL, merging HG “lagh-” (to lighten weight) with Quenya “lerya” (to release, set free, let go); both probably from Etym. “LEK” | to reduce weight, pressure; often used figuratively; indirect object should be in ablative case |
enchain | gain- | v | NL < LOS “gai-” < Quenya “Angainor”; modified according to Nûrlâm's rules | |
endeavour | rîth- | v | NL < Sindarin “raitha”, “reitha” < root “RIK” | |
endeavour | tugl- | v | all major BS dialects < MB | |
err | saug- | v | NL < Summoning “szaug-” < LOS “zaug” (debt, fault, blame) < SV | be wrong, be mistaken; be at fault |
eschew | narl- | v | SV; probably from negative particle “nar” | use with object in Ablative case |
exclude | rihik- | v | NL, see “ri”, “hik” | to remove from set, list; indirect object in Ellative case |
execute | kramp- | v | LOS; compare with Quenya and Sindarin “car” < Etym. “KAR” | use Perfective aspect (-ûk) to clarify meanings “to accomplish”, “carry out”, “execute” |
exercise | tail- | v | LOS < MB < Quenya “tyal-” | |
fail | saug- | v | NL < Summoning “szaug-” < LOS “zaug” (debt, fault, blame) < SV | be wrong, be mistaken; be at fault |
fill up | dhîl- | v | NL < Noldorin “dîl” | fill up hole |
fit | mbursh- | v | LOS < MB (n) | use with object in comitative case |
force | ikh- | v | LOS | see also “durb-” |
fullfill | kramp- | v | LOS; compare with Quenya and Sindarin “car” < Etym. “KAR” | use Perfective aspect (-ûk) to clarify meanings “to accomplish”, “carry out”, “execute” |
garble | girz- | v | HG | |
gather | srinkh- | v | LL (to gather) NL suggests fictional proto-word “skrinkht” to connect “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” with Sindarin “critha-” (reap) < Etym. “KIRIK” (gather, collect, reap), Primitive Elvish “k'rikta-” | to get together and sort; to gather in some order |
get | thôl- | v | NL < merging Sindarin “tho”, Gnomish “tû” and Quenya “ol” | transformation, changing the state of subject |
group | srinkh- | v | LL (to gather) NL suggests fictional proto-word “skrinkht” to connect “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” with Sindarin “critha-” (reap) < Etym. “KIRIK” (gather, collect, reap), Primitive Elvish “k'rikta-” | to get together and sort; to gather in some order |
halt | puzg- | v | LOS < Quenya “pusta” < Etym. “PUS” | with suffix of partial aspect (“-âzh”) means “to suspend, postpone” |
happen | ghugsh- | v | SV, HG < MB “gûg” | |
harm | rul- | v | LOS (damage, harm) | part of body or inanimate object - with Accusative case; person - in Dative case |
help | bhok- | v | NL < LOS “fhok” < SV “vok”; changed according to phonetical system of Nûrlâm with (semi-)coincidental resemblance to “bhog” (good) | used with verb in infinitive; receiver of help is in dative case; object of aid (usually verbal noun) is in comitative case |
hide (self) | fauth- | v | EL, all major dialects (to lie hidden) | intransitive |
hide (smth.) | shkal- | v | NL < Etym. “SKAL” [1] (screen, hide from light) | transitive |
hurt | rul- | v | LOS (damage, harm) | part of body or inanimate object - with Accusative case; person - in Dative case |
idle | frût- | v | NL, merging LOS “frûz” (lazy) with NL “puzt-” (to rest) | to work slow or bad; imitate work; do nothing at work; sabotage |
imitate | sizd- | v | NL < Qenya “sesta” (to liken, compare, make like, model on, assimilate, imitate); compare with NL “si” (cf.) | |
include | drohik- | v | NL, see “dro”, “hik” | to add to set, list; indirect object in Illative case |
injure | rul- | v | LOS (damage, harm) | part of body or inanimate object - with Accusative case; person - in Dative case |
interfere | rithruth- | v | NL, “ri-” (between) + “thruth-” (to stick) (see corresponding articles) | used with objects in Illative or Comitative case |
interrupt | shot- | v | NL < DS “shotag” < Etym. “SKAT” | add “ri” as prefix or suffix to clarify meaning “interrupt” |
jam | gukr- | v | all major dialects < MB | |
join | gaid- | v | NL, merging LOS “gai” (chain) with NL “gint-” (add) with Gnomish “gada” (to join, connect, unite) < Etym. “YAT”, roots “ẎATA”, “YAN” [2] | usually reflexive |
keep (self) off | narl- | v | SV; probably from negative particle “nar” | use with object in Ablative case |
keep away off | narl- | v | SV; probably from negative particle “nar” | use with object in Ablative case |
keep distance | narl- | v | SV; probably from negative particle “nar” | use with object in Ablative case |
lazy | frût- | v | NL, merging LOS “frûz” (lazy) with NL “puzt-” (to rest) | to work slow or bad; imitate work; do nothing at work; sabotage |
lenify | largh- | v | NL, merging HG “lagh-” (to lighten weight) with Quenya “lerya” (to release, set free, let go); both probably from Etym. “LEK” | to reduce weight, pressure; often used figuratively; indirect object should be in ablative case |
lie (down, on side, in bed) | kât- | v | LOS (lie down) < Quenya “caita” < Etym. “KAY”; compare with “gaith-”, “khad”, “khâr”, “khau”, “kîf” | |
lie hidden | fauth- | v | EL, all major dialects (to lie hidden) | intransitive |
lighten | largh- | v | NL, merging HG “lagh-” (to lighten weight) with Quenya “lerya” (to release, set free, let go); both probably from Etym. “LEK” | to reduce weight, pressure; often used figuratively; indirect object should be in ablative case |
lock | gukr- | v | all major dialects < MB | |
lurk | fauth- | v | EL, all major dialects (to lie hidden) | intransitive |
make | kramp- | v | LOS; compare with Quenya and Sindarin “car” < Etym. “KAR” | use Perfective aspect (-ûk) to clarify meanings “to accomplish”, “carry out”, “execute” |
make (to do smth.) | ikh- | v | LOS | see also “durb-” |
make like | sizd- | v | NL < Qenya “sesta” (to liken, compare, make like, model on, assimilate, imitate); compare with NL “si” (cf.) | |
match | mbursh- | v | LOS < MB (n) | use with object in comitative case |
mate | fir- | v | NL < Quenya “veru” (married pair) < Etym. “BES” (to wed); compare with Old English “fere” | use with object in Comitative case |
meddle | rithruth- | v | NL, “ri-” (between) + “thruth-” (to stick) (see corresponding articles) | used with objects in Illative or Comitative case |
mess | girz- | v | HG | |
mimic | sizd- | v | NL < Qenya “sesta” (to liken, compare, make like, model on, assimilate, imitate); compare with NL “si” (cf.) | |
mistake | saug- | v | NL < Summoning “szaug-” < LOS “zaug” (debt, fault, blame) < SV | be wrong, be mistaken; be at fault |
model | sizd- | v | NL < Qenya “sesta” (to liken, compare, make like, model on, assimilate, imitate); compare with NL “si” (cf.) | |
mop (up) | thig- | v | NL < LOS “thag-” < SV, MERP < Albanian “thaj” (to dry); changed to avoid ambiguity with HORN (“ten”) and DS (“more”) and get rid of Albanian cognate; compare with Gnomish “thisc” (adj), “thista-”, “suitha-” (v); see also “thizg” | clean dry |
occur | ghugsh- | v | SV, HG < MB “gûg” | |
omit | rihik- | v | NL, see “ri”, “hik” | to remove from set, list; indirect object in Ellative case |
open | badz- | v | LOS < HG; probably from Early Quenya “patsima” (wide open, adj.) | |
order | srinkh- | v | LL (to gather) NL suggests fictional proto-word “skrinkht” to connect “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” with Sindarin “critha-” (reap) < Etym. “KIRIK” (gather, collect, reap), Primitive Elvish “k'rikta-” | to get together and sort; to gather in some order |
organize | srinkh- | v | LL (to gather) NL suggests fictional proto-word “skrinkht” to connect “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” with Sindarin “critha-” (reap) < Etym. “KIRIK” (gather, collect, reap), Primitive Elvish “k'rikta-” | to get together and sort; to gather in some order |
perform | kramp- | v | LOS; compare with Quenya and Sindarin “car” < Etym. “KAR” | use Perfective aspect (-ûk) to clarify meanings “to accomplish”, “carry out”, “execute” |
play | tail- | v | LOS < MB < Quenya “tyal-” | |
postpone | puzg- | v | LOS < Quenya “pusta” < Etym. “PUS” | with suffix of partial aspect (“-âzh”) means “to suspend, postpone” |
practice | tail- | v | LOS < MB < Quenya “tyal-” | |
put effort | rîth- | v | NL < Sindarin “raitha”, “reitha” < root “RIK” | |
quake | pamp- | v | NL < Qenya “pampinë” (tremor, earthquake) (n), also Qenya “pal-” | intransitive only, sound-imitating word |
rally | gaid- | v | NL, merging LOS “gai” (chain) with NL “gint-” (add) with Gnomish “gada” (to join, connect, unite) < Etym. “YAT”, roots “ẎATA”, “YAN” [2] | usually reflexive |
recline | kât- | v | LOS (lie down) < Quenya “caita” < Etym. “KAY”; compare with “gaith-”, “khad”, “khâr”, “khau”, “kîf” | |
release | largh- | v | NL, merging HG “lagh-” (to lighten weight) with Quenya “lerya” (to release, set free, let go); both probably from Etym. “LEK” | to reduce weight, pressure; often used figuratively; indirect object should be in ablative case |
relieve | largh- | v | NL, merging HG “lagh-” (to lighten weight) with Quenya “lerya” (to release, set free, let go); both probably from Etym. “LEK” | to reduce weight, pressure; often used figuratively; indirect object should be in ablative case |
remain | irn- | v | NL < Qenya “erin” (v) (remains), however “-in” in Qenya is 3rd person suffix (changed to 1st person in later Quenya) | also “left” (as in “no more … left”) |
rescue | bharn- | v | NL < Quenya “varna” (safe, protected, secure) < Primitive Elvish “barnā” < Etym. “BAR” | |
rest | kât- | v | LOS (lie down) < Quenya “caita” < Etym. “KAY”; compare with “gaith-”, “khad”, “khâr”, “khau”, “kîf” | |
retaliate | grûth- | v | NL < Gnomish “gruith” (deed of horror, vengeance) | |
reveal | badz- | v | LOS < HG; probably from Early Quenya “patsima” (wide open, adj.) | |
revenge | grûth- | v | NL < Gnomish “gruith” (deed of horror, vengeance) | |
rise | tulg- | v | NL < LOS “tulk-” (to lift, raise) < SV | stand up, rise from the dead, rise in rank |
salvage | bharn- | v | NL < Quenya “varna” (safe, protected, secure) < Primitive Elvish “barnā” < Etym. “BAR” | |
salve | bharn- | v | NL < Quenya “varna” (safe, protected, secure) < Primitive Elvish “barnā” < Etym. “BAR” | |
save | bharn- | v | NL < Quenya “varna” (safe, protected, secure) < Primitive Elvish “barnā” < Etym. “BAR” | |
shake | pamp- | v | NL < Qenya “pampinë” (tremor, earthquake) (n), also Qenya “pal-” | intransitive only, sound-imitating word |
shirk | frût- | v | NL, merging LOS “frûz” (lazy) with NL “puzt-” (to rest) | to work slow or bad; imitate work; do nothing at work; sabotage |
shut | gukr- | v | all major dialects < MB | |
sit (up, down) | duz- | v | LOS < HG | |
skulk | fauth- | v | EL, all major dialects (to lie hidden) | intransitive |
sort | srinkh- | v | LL (to gather) NL suggests fictional proto-word “skrinkht” to connect “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” with Sindarin “critha-” (reap) < Etym. “KIRIK” (gather, collect, reap), Primitive Elvish “k'rikta-” | to get together and sort; to gather in some order |
stand (upright, be erected) | bin- | v | NL < Etym. “MINI” (stand alone) | about state, not about action (see “talg-” or “tulg-” instead) |
stand up | tulg- | v | NL < LOS “tulk-” (to lift, raise) < SV | stand up, rise from the dead, rise in rank |
stay | irn- | v | NL < Qenya “erin” (v) (remains), however “-in” in Qenya is 3rd person suffix (changed to 1st person in later Quenya) | also “left” (as in “no more … left”) |
stay away | narl- | v | SV; probably from negative particle “nar” | use with object in Ablative case |
stick | gukr- | v | all major dialects < MB | |
stick nose (into) | rithruth- | v | NL, “ri-” (between) + “thruth-” (to stick) (see corresponding articles) | used with objects in Illative or Comitative case |
stomp | badh- | v | NL < Noldorin “batha-” < Etym. “BAT” | |
stop | puzg- | v | LOS < Quenya “pusta” < Etym. “PUS” | with suffix of partial aspect (“-âzh”) means “to suspend, postpone” |
stop up | dhîl- | v | NL < Noldorin “dîl” | fill up hole |
stopple | dhîl- | v | NL < Noldorin “dîl” | fill up hole |
strive | rîth- | v | NL < Sindarin “raitha”, “reitha” < root “RIK” | |
stuff | dhîl- | v | NL < Noldorin “dîl” | fill up hole |
suspend | puzg- | v | LOS < Quenya “pusta” < Etym. “PUS” | with suffix of partial aspect (“-âzh”) means “to suspend, postpone” |
swell | folg- | v | NL < Gnomish “polc” (fat) < Primitive Elvish “PULU” (to swell); compare with LOS “folk-” (to hoard, stock) | |
tire | kûbr- | v | HG | active — tire smb. else, passive + noun in Genitive or Instrumental case — be tired of |
train | tail- | v | LOS < MB < Quenya “tyal-” | |
tramp | badh- | v | NL < Noldorin “batha-” < Etym. “BAT” | |
trample | badh- | v | NL < Noldorin “batha-” < Etym. “BAT” | |
transform | bhad- | v | HG; compare with Gnomish “far(o)n” (separate, different, strange) and NL “bhan-” (depart) | change the state or quality of object (not self) into another |
tread | badh- | v | NL < Noldorin “batha-” < Etym. “BAT” | |
tremble | pamp- | v | NL < Qenya “pampinë” (tremor, earthquake) (n), also Qenya “pal-” | intransitive only, sound-imitating word |
tremor | pamp- | v | NL < Qenya “pampinë” (tremor, earthquake) (n), also Qenya “pal-” | intransitive only, sound-imitating word |
try | rîth- | v | NL < Sindarin “raitha”, “reitha” < root “RIK” | |
try | tugl- | v | all major BS dialects < MB | |
turn (into) | bhad- | v | HG; compare with Gnomish “far(o)n” (separate, different, strange) and NL “bhan-” (depart) | change the state or quality of object (not self) into another |
uncover | badz- | v | LOS < HG; probably from Early Quenya “patsima” (wide open, adj.) | |
unify | gaid- | v | NL, merging LOS “gai” (chain) with NL “gint-” (add) with Gnomish “gada” (to join, connect, unite) < Etym. “YAT”, roots “ẎATA”, “YAN” [2] | usually reflexive |
unite | gaid- | v | NL, merging LOS “gai” (chain) with NL “gint-” (add) with Gnomish “gada” (to join, connect, unite) < Etym. “YAT”, roots “ẎATA”, “YAN” [2] | usually reflexive |
vary | bhad- | v | HG; compare with Gnomish “far(o)n” (separate, different, strange) and NL “bhan-” (depart) | change the state or quality of object (not self) into another |
vibrate | pamp- | v | NL < Qenya “pampinë” (tremor, earthquake) (n), also Qenya “pal-” | intransitive only, sound-imitating word |
violate | shot- | v | NL < DS “shotag” < Etym. “SKAT” | add “ri” as prefix or suffix to clarify meaning “interrupt” |
wait hidden | fauth- | v | EL, all major dialects (to lie hidden) | intransitive |
wed | fir- | v | NL < Quenya “veru” (married pair) < Etym. “BES” (to wed); compare with Old English “fere” | use with object in Comitative case |
wipe | thig- | v | NL < LOS “thag-” < SV, MERP < Albanian “thaj” (to dry); changed to avoid ambiguity with HORN (“ten”) and DS (“more”) and get rid of Albanian cognate; compare with Gnomish “thisc” (adj), “thista-”, “suitha-” (v); see also “thizg” | clean dry |
wound | rul- | v | LOS (damage, harm) | part of body or inanimate object - with Accusative case; person - in Dative case |
A lot of verbs contained in following categories: