This page will contain list of words related to age, time, its intervals, duration and seasons.
English | Nûrlâm | Part of speech | Etymology | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|
(do smth.) again; | kru | prefix | NL < LOS “krul” (“two”), “krut” (“back”, adv) | prefix of repeated action or fallback to previous state префикс повторного действия, возврата в предыдущее состояние, например в таких словах как “отвоевать”, “переделать”, “возвращаться”, “повторить” и т.п. |
(do smth.) back | kru | prefix | NL < LOS “krul” (“two”), “krut” (“back”, adv) | prefix of repeated action or fallback to previous state префикс повторного действия, возврата в предыдущее состояние, например в таких словах как “отвоевать”, “переделать”, “возвращаться”, “повторить” и т.п. |
(long) period | kûrm | n | NL < TK “kû”; compare also with “kru”, “krut” | |
(prospective aspect suffix) | uth | adv | NL < Gnomish “mu”, “mutha” (will, I am going to, I am about to) + LOS “gûth” (almost, nearly) | usually have a tone of intention; see also verb “pant-” |
(time interval) back | krut | adv | LOS | only about time |
about (time) | kurn | prep | LOS < Quenya “corna” (round, adj.) < Etym. “KOR” | use with objects in accusative case |
actual | radûrz | adj | NL < LOS “rad” (now) | |
aeon | goiril | n | NL, see “goir”, “il”; compare with HG “ûrgul” | |
after (time) | la | prep, adv | LOS | use with objects in accusative case |
after that | lazîg | adv | NL, see “la”, “zîg” | |
after-effect | laskâturm | n | NL < LOS “la” (after) + “skât-” (to come) | uncountable |
aftermath | laskâturm | n | NL < LOS “la” (after) + “skât-” (to come) | uncountable |
afterwards | lârz | adv | adverb from “la” | about time and numerical order |
again | nokhar | adv | NL < LOS < HG | see also prefix “kru-” |
age | kûb- | v | ZA < TK “kû” (old) | |
age | kûrm | n | NL < TK “kû”; compare also with “kru”, “krut” | |
ago | kru | adv | NL < LOS “krut” | |
ago | krut | adv | LOS | only about time |
already | dok | adv | HG | |
always | ilûk | pro | NL, see “il” and “ûk” | |
always | ok | adv | NL < HG “okû”; compare with NL “gok” (flat, even) | used as clitic adverb of aspect (habitual, iterative); gains meaning ”used to” (regular action in the past, not familiriaty with) only together with verb in past tense |
ancient | yû | adj | NL, merging TK “ya” (of uncertain meaning) with TK “kû” (old) | very old |
anew | nokhar | adv | NL < LOS < HG | see also prefix “kru-” |
another time | ilisk | pro | NL, see “il” and “isk” | |
antique | yû | adj | NL, merging TK “ya” (of uncertain meaning) with TK “kû” (old) | very old |
anymore | konarzar | pro | see “kon”; comparative form | usually with negation |
anytime | ilkon | pro | NL, see “il” and “kon” | |
around (time) | kurn | prep | LOS < Quenya “corna” (round, adj.) < Etym. “KOR” | use with objects in accusative case |
as (period of time) | kusn | conj, prep | LOS < SV or MB | use with objects in accusative case |
as far as | zash baubarz zash | expr | see “zash”, “baub” | |
as long as | zash rodharz zash | expr | see “zash”, “rodh” | |
as soon as | zash uth zash | expr | see “zash”, “uth” | |
at | shi | prep | LOS | only about exact time in Standard Nûrlâm, may refer to place in colloquial speech |
at all | narilûk | expr | NL, see “nar”, “il”, “ûk” | in negative sentences |
at last | gorzarz | adv | NL < DS “gorz-” (to end, finish) | |
at once | pogh | adv | NL < HG, SV “pog” (immediately) < SV (quick); changed to avoid false cognates with other dialects | |
autumn | khal | n | NL < Quenya “quellë” | |
await | darb- | v | NL < Etym. “DAR” | |
back | kru | adv | NL < LOS “krut” | |
backwards | krut | adv | LOS | only about time |
be about to | uth | adv | NL < Gnomish “mu”, “mutha” (will, I am going to, I am about to) + LOS “gûth” (almost, nearly) | usually have a tone of intention; see also verb “pant-” |
be going to | uth | adv | NL < Gnomish “mu”, “mutha” (will, I am going to, I am about to) + LOS “gûth” (almost, nearly) | usually have a tone of intention; see also verb “pant-” |
be on | frun- | v | NL < Noldorin “brona”, Old Noldorin “bron” (to last, endure, survive) < Etym. “BORÓN” (to last, endure), compare with Quenya “voronwa” (enduring, long-lasting); see also “furn” | also “extend”, “stretch” about time use with prefix “dro-” for meanings “continue”, “proceed”, “keep on”, “go on” |
be over | gorz- | v | DS | |
before | dok | adv | HG | |
before (time) | ik | prep, conj | LOS | use with objects in accusative case; not used as standalone “before” (see “dok” instead) |
before (time) | ugil | prep | SV | use with objects in accusative case; only in colloquial speech, “ik” is more preferable variant |
before long | uth | adv | NL < Gnomish “mu”, “mutha” (will, I am going to, I am about to) + LOS “gûth” (almost, nearly) | usually have a tone of intention; see also verb “pant-” |
begin | îs- | v | LOS | “begin to” + verb is usually replaced with verb + suffix “-îs” |
bolt | irz- | v | LOS; compare with Etym. “YUR” | together with object in Elative case to clarify meaning “escape” |
breakfast | ashrokil | n | all major dialects “ashrokil” < TK “ash” (one) + LL “throqu-” (to devour) + SV “il” (time), lit. “first eat time” | uncountable |
by (some time) | ik | prep, conj | LOS | use with objects in accusative case; not used as standalone “before” (see “dok” instead) |
by (some time) | ugil | prep | SV | use with objects in accusative case; only in colloquial speech, “ik” is more preferable variant |
by (time) | zi | prep | LOS (“until”) | use with objects in accusative case or dependent clauses in past or future, but not present tense; with dependent clauses “amilu” is preferred используется с существительными в винительном падеже или подчинённым предложением в прошедшем или будущем времени, но без отрицательной частицы; с подчинёнными предложениями лучше использовать “amilu” |
by the time (when) | ik ilum (amil) | expr | see “ik”, “il”, “amil” | |
bygone | hoir | adj | NL < EH (n) < Gnomish “luin” (sic!) | |
celebration | birt | n | NL < Quenya “meren(de)”, Noldorin “bereth” < Etym. “MBER” | |
Christmas | yûln | n | NL, merging “yû” (very old, cf.), SV “il” (time), LOS “ûn” (new), ZA “îla”, Quenya “yén”, Sindarin “în” < Etym. “YEN”, Quenya “loa” (all meaning “year”) to make resemblance with “Yule” without direct borrowing | uncountable |
circle | raug | n | HG (only “round”) < LOS “rag” < SV (to turn); compare with Etym. “RAG” (crooked) | |
circumstances | gugsh | n | LOS < MB “gûg” | |
common | thang | adj | NL < Quenya “sanya” (regular, normal, law-abiding) < Etym. “STAN” (firm, decide); see also NL “than”, “thar” | |
consequence | laskâturm | n | NL < LOS “la” (after) + “skât-” (to come) | uncountable |
continue | frun- | v | NL < Noldorin “brona”, Old Noldorin “bron” (to last, endure, survive) < Etym. “BORÓN” (to last, endure), compare with Quenya “voronwa” (enduring, long-lasting); see also “furn” | also “extend”, “stretch” about time use with prefix “dro-” for meanings “continue”, “proceed”, “keep on”, “go on” |
current | radûrz | adj | NL < LOS “rad” (now) | |
cycle | raug | n | HG (only “round”) < LOS “rag” < SV (to turn); compare with Etym. “RAG” (crooked) | |
dawn | ânsh | n | HG (v) < RE “ânash” (n) < LOS “ân” (Sun) < Quenya “anar” | |
day | ârsh | n | LOS, probably from Etym. “AR”[1], compare with Quenya “arië” (daytime), “árë” (daylight), “aurë” (day, daylight) | |
day off | sligârsh | n | NL, lit. “free day”, see “slig”, “ârsh” | |
daybreak | ânsh | n | HG (v) < RE “ânash” (n) < LOS “ân” (Sun) < Quenya “anar” | |
defer | puzt- | v | NL < LOS “puzg-” (to stop, cf.) < Quenya “pusta” < Etym. “PUS” | |
delay | puzt- | v | NL < LOS “puzg-” (to stop, cf.) < Quenya “pusta” < Etym. “PUS” | |
delay | unudh- | v | LOS (only “detain”) < HG | to prevent action temporarily |
depart | bhan- | v | NL < Quenya “vanya”, “vana” < Etym. “WAN”, Quenya and Telerin “auta” | also about dying |
detain | unudh- | v | LOS (only “detain”) < HG | to prevent action temporarily |
disappear | bhan- | v | NL < Quenya “vanya”, “vana” < Etym. “WAN”, Quenya and Telerin “auta” | also about dying |
during | furn | prep | NL < Etym. “BORÓN” (to last, endure), compare with Quenya “vor”, “vora”, “vorë”, “voro”, etc. Similarity with English “for” is accidental | used with objects in accusative case только о времени |
during | kusn | conj, prep | LOS < SV or MB | use with objects in accusative case |
dusk | muth | n | NL, merging Sindarin “moth”, Qenya “maska” (dawn) with MERP, SV “mug”, to avoid Albanian cognate | see also “muzg” |
dusk | ândh | n | NL, merging “ânsh” (morning) with “dhu” (down), “dhut-” (descend), all from HG, and Quenya “andúnë”, Sindarin “annûn” (sunset, evening, West) < Etym. “NDŪ” (go down, sink, set) | |
early | ânth | adj, adv | NL, merging “ânsh” + “uth” (see corresponding articles) | |
else when | ilisk | pro | NL, see “il” and “isk” | |
elsewhen | ilisk | pro | NL, see “il” and “isk” | |
end | gorz- | v | DS | |
end | nau | n | LOS | |
endure | frun- | v | NL < Noldorin “brona”, Old Noldorin “bron” (to last, endure, survive) < Etym. “BORÓN” (to last, endure), compare with Quenya “voronwa” (enduring, long-lasting); see also “furn” | also “extend”, “stretch” about time use with prefix “dro-” for meanings “continue”, “proceed”, “keep on”, “go on” |
epoch | kûrm | n | NL < TK “kû”; compare also with “kru”, “krut” | |
era | kûrm | n | NL < TK “kû”; compare also with “kru”, “krut” | |
escape | irz- | v | LOS; compare with Etym. “YUR” | together with object in Elative case to clarify meaning “escape” |
eternal | goir | adj | NL < Noldorin “(g)uir”, Quenya “oire”, “íre”, “aire” < Etym. “EY”, “GEY”, “OY” | |
eternity | goiril | n | NL, see “goir”, “il”; compare with HG “ûrgul” | |
evening | ândh | n | NL, merging “ânsh” (morning) with “dhu” (down), “dhut-” (descend), all from HG, and Quenya “andúnë”, Sindarin “annûn” (sunset, evening, West) < Etym. “NDŪ” (go down, sink, set) | |
event | gugsh | n | LOS < MB “gûg” | |
ever | goir | adj | NL < Noldorin “(g)uir”, Quenya “oire”, “íre”, “aire” < Etym. “EY”, “GEY”, “OY” | |
ever? | milkon | pro | NL, see “mil”, “kon” | only with interrogative (questions) and dubitative moods |
everlasting | goir | adj | NL < Noldorin “(g)uir”, Quenya “oire”, “íre”, “aire” < Etym. “EY”, “GEY”, “OY” | |
every time | ilûgh | pro | NL, see “il” and “ûgh” | |
everywhen | ilûgh | pro | NL, see “il” and “ûgh” | |
exotic | raih | adv, adj | NL < Quenya “hraicénima” (scarcely visible, hard to see) < “hrai” (hard) + “cénima” (visible) < Etym. “KHEN” ; compare with NL “hon-”, “kin-” (to see) | |
expect | darb- | v | NL < Etym. “DAR” | |
fall | khal | n | NL < Quenya “quellë” | |
fast | hîs | adj | LOS | |
feast | birt | n | NL < Quenya “meren(de)”, Noldorin “bereth” < Etym. “MBER” | |
festival | birt | n | NL < Quenya “meren(de)”, Noldorin “bereth” < Etym. “MBER” | |
final | gorzûrz | adj | NL < DS “gorz-” (to end, finish) | mostly about time |
finally | gorzarz | adv | NL < DS “gorz-” (to end, finish) | |
finish | gorz- | v | DS | |
flee | irz- | v | LOS; compare with Etym. “YUR” | together with object in Elative case to clarify meaning “escape” |
following | ab | adj | DS prefix “ab-” (after, behind, following) | only about time and order, not “next to” (see “mush” instead) |
for (time) | furn | prep | NL < Etym. “BORÓN” (to last, endure), compare with Quenya “vor”, “vora”, “vorë”, “voro”, etc. Similarity with English “for” is accidental | used with objects in accusative case только о времени |
fore- | bhû | prefix | HG | prefix of prepared action like in “predict”, “predestination” префикс заранее подготовленного действия, например “приготовить”, “предназначать” |
forever | goirarz | adv | NL < Noldorin “uir”, Quenya “oire”, “íre”, “aire” < Etym. “EY”, “GEY”, “OY” | |
forget | ribhol- | v | NL, see “ri”, “bhol-” | |
free day | sligârsh | n | NL, lit. “free day”, see “slig”, “ârsh” | |
frequent | thil | adv, adj | all major dialects < SV (adv) | |
frequently | thil | adv, adj | all major dialects < SV (adv) | |
fresh | gin | adj | DS (only “new”), probably from Etym. “GWEN” (fresh) which gives the same Quenya word “vinya”, from which “fîn” is taken | |
freshly | ûnarz | adv | NL < LOS “ûn” (new) < HG | may be shortened to “ûn” as suffix of aspect |
Friday | balârsh | n | NL, lit. “Torment-day” or “Divine (Valar) day” depending on interpretation; see “bal”, “ârsh” | |
from | ghâr | prep | HG < LOS “ghâra” | only about time; use with objects in accusative case |
from now | zilah | pro | NL < “za” + “il” + “ah” (see corresponding articles) | only about time; in Modern analytical style should be replaced with “ghâr zil” |
fulfill | gorz- | v | DS | |
future | ubh | adj | NL < AN “-ub” (future tense suffix) + Quenya “évea” (future, adj.) | |
get old | kûb- | v | ZA < TK “kû” (old) | |
get out | bhan- | v | NL < Quenya “vanya”, “vana” < Etym. “WAN”, Quenya and Telerin “auta” | also about dying |
go away | bhan- | v | NL < Quenya “vanya”, “vana” < Etym. “WAN”, Quenya and Telerin “auta” | also about dying |
go off | bhan- | v | NL < Quenya “vanya”, “vana” < Etym. “WAN”, Quenya and Telerin “auta” | also about dying |
go on | frun- | v | NL < Noldorin “brona”, Old Noldorin “bron” (to last, endure, survive) < Etym. “BORÓN” (to last, endure), compare with Quenya “voronwa” (enduring, long-lasting); see also “furn” | also “extend”, “stretch” about time use with prefix “dro-” for meanings “continue”, “proceed”, “keep on”, “go on” |
goings-on | gugsh | n | LOS < MB “gûg” | |
grow old | kûb- | v | ZA < TK “kû” (old) | |
happening | gugsh | n | LOS < MB “gûg” | |
hasten | khîg- | v | NL < DS “kʰīga-” (to hurry) (Isengard), “khîghâ-” (Moria) < PO “klikja-” | |
hasty | hîs | adj | LOS | |
hence | zilah | pro | NL < “za” + “il” + “ah” (see corresponding articles) | only about time; in Modern analytical style should be replaced with “ghâr zil” |
henceforth | zilah | pro | NL < “za” + “il” + “ah” (see corresponding articles) | only about time; in Modern analytical style should be replaced with “ghâr zil” |
herefrom | zilah | pro | NL < “za” + “il” + “ah” (see corresponding articles) | only about time; in Modern analytical style should be replaced with “ghâr zil” |
hereto | zilu | pro | NL, “zil” (now) + allative case suffix “-u” | only about time; in Modern analytical style should be replaced with “zizil” |
hinder | unudh- | v | LOS (only “detain”) < HG | to prevent action temporarily |
hindmost | tîl | adj | LOS < Quenya “talla”, “telu” | mostly about numerical order or distance |
holiday | birtârsh | n | literally “feast-day”; see “birt”, “ârsh” | |
hour | sib | n | NL < Quenya “sillumë” (this hour) < “lúmë” (time, period of time, hour) | |
hurry | khîg- | v | NL < DS “kʰīga-” (to hurry) (Isengard), “khîghâ-” (Moria) < PO “klikja-” | |
immediately | pogh | adv | NL < HG, SV “pog” (immediately) < SV (quick); changed to avoid false cognates with other dialects | |
immortalize | goir- | v | NL, see “goir” | |
in | shi | prep | LOS | only about exact time in Standard Nûrlâm, may refer to place in colloquial speech |
in (period of time) | furn | prep | NL < Etym. “BORÓN” (to last, endure), compare with Quenya “vor”, “vora”, “vorë”, “voro”, etc. Similarity with English “for” is accidental | used with objects in accusative case только о времени |
in a long time | zi rodharz (ik) | expr | see “zi”, “rodh”, “ik” | about time |
in one go | pogh | adv | NL < HG, SV “pog” (immediately) < SV (quick); changed to avoid false cognates with other dialects | |
in the end | gorzarz | adv | NL < DS “gorz-” (to end, finish) | |
in the meantime | shi zil | expr | see “shi”, “zil” | “at now” |
in the meantime | shi zîgil | expr | see “shi”, “zîg”, “il” | “at then” |
incident | gugsh | n | LOS < MB “gûg” | |
instantly | pogh | adv | NL < HG, SV “pog” (immediately) < SV (quick); changed to avoid false cognates with other dialects | |
just (finished / before) | ûnarz | adv | NL < LOS “ûn” (new) < HG | may be shortened to “ûn” as suffix of aspect |
just started | îs | adv | NL < LOS “îs-” (to begin) | clitic adverb of aspect; only about unfinished action |
keep on | frun- | v | NL < Noldorin “brona”, Old Noldorin “bron” (to last, endure, survive) < Etym. “BORÓN” (to last, endure), compare with Quenya “voronwa” (enduring, long-lasting); see also “furn” | also “extend”, “stretch” about time use with prefix “dro-” for meanings “continue”, “proceed”, “keep on”, “go on” |
last | frun- | v | NL < Noldorin “brona”, Old Noldorin “bron” (to last, endure, survive) < Etym. “BORÓN” (to last, endure), compare with Quenya “voronwa” (enduring, long-lasting); see also “furn” | also “extend”, “stretch” about time use with prefix “dro-” for meanings “continue”, “proceed”, “keep on”, “go on” |
last | gorzûrz | adj | NL < DS “gorz-” (to end, finish) | mostly about time |
last | tîl | adj | LOS < Quenya “talla”, “telu” | mostly about numerical order or distance |
late | lad | adj, adv | HG; compare with LOS “la” (after) and “rad” (now); resemblance to English word is probably semi-intentional | |
lately | shiladil | adv, conj | see “shi”, “lad”, “il” | |
lately | shîlad | adv, conj | see “shi”, “lad”, “il” | |
later | la | prep, adv | LOS | use with objects in accusative case |
leave | bhan- | v | NL < Quenya “vanya”, “vana” < Etym. “WAN”, Quenya and Telerin “auta” | also about dying |
long | rodh | adj | HG | |
long before | zi rodharz (ik) | expr | see “zi”, “rodh”, “ik” | about time |
lunch | ashrokil | n | all major dialects “ashrokil” < TK “ash” (one) + LL “throqu-” (to devour) + SV “il” (time), lit. “first eat time” | uncountable |
meanwhile | shi zil | expr | see “shi”, “zil” | “at now” |
meanwhile | shi zîgil | expr | see “shi”, “zîg”, “il” | “at then” |
memory | bhûrm | n | NL, merging “bhol-” with “bhû” (see corresponding articles) and abstract noun suffix “-urm” | uncountable |
midnight | fughnod | n | lit. “night-middle”, see “fugh” and “nod” | uncountable |
Monday | shilârsh | n | NL, lit. “Moon day”; see “shil”, “ârsh” | |
month | shil | n | SV, HG (only “month”); probably from Quenya “isil”, “sil”, “silm”, Sindarin “ithil” (moon) | also period of time |
moon | shil | n | SV, HG (only “month”); probably from Quenya “isil”, “sil”, “silm”, Sindarin “ithil” (moon) | also period of time |
morning | ânsh | n | HG (v) < RE “ânash” (n) < LOS “ân” (Sun) < Quenya “anar” | |
mortality | maturm | n | EL, all major dialects “mat-” (to die) | uncountable |
never | naril | pro | NL, see “nar” and “il” | |
new | fîn | adj | LOS < Quenya “vinya” (young, new) | |
new | gin | adj | DS (only “new”), probably from Etym. “GWEN” (fresh) which gives the same Quenya word “vinya”, from which “fîn” is taken | |
new | ûn | adj, adv | LOS < HG | may be used as clitic adverb (aspect suffix) |
New Year | yûln | n | NL, merging “yû” (very old, cf.), SV “il” (time), LOS “ûn” (new), ZA “îla”, Quenya “yén”, Sindarin “în” < Etym. “YEN”, Quenya “loa” (all meaning “year”) to make resemblance with “Yule” without direct borrowing | uncountable |
newly | ûnarz | adv | NL < LOS “ûn” (new) < HG | may be shortened to “ûn” as suffix of aspect |
next | ab | adj | DS prefix “ab-” (after, behind, following) | only about time and order, not “next to” (see “mush” instead) |
next (time) | abarzar | adv | see “ab” | |
next (time) | shi ilab | expr | see “shi”, “il”, “ab” | |
next time | la | prep, adv | LOS | use with objects in accusative case |
night | fugh | n | NL < Gnomish “fuʒu”, “fui” | often replaced with word “darkness” (burzum) |
no more than | nar makarzar (snû) | expr | see “nar”, “mak”, “snû” | |
no sooner (…) than | naruthar (…) snû | expr | see “nar”, “uth”, “snû” | |
noon | ârshnod | n | lit. “day-middle”, see “ârsh” and “nod” | uncountable |
normal | thang | adj | NL < Quenya “sanya” (regular, normal, law-abiding) < Etym. “STAN” (firm, decide); see also NL “than”, “thar” | |
not long ago | ûnarz | adv | NL < LOS “ûn” (new) < HG | may be shortened to “ûn” as suffix of aspect |
now | rad | adv | LOS | in Nûrlâm is used with meaning “now” only as clitic adverb of aspect, standalone word only in Colloquial speech (in Standard language use “zil” instead) |
now | zil | pro | NL < “za” + “il” (see corresponding articles) | |
now that | zil amil | expr | see “zil”, “mil” | |
nowhen | naril | pro | NL, see “nar” and “il” | |
occurrence | gugsh | n | LOS < MB “gûg” | |
often | thil | adv, adj | all major dialects < SV (adv) | |
old | kû | adj | TK, DBS, LOTR, PN “Sharkû”, a nickname of Saruman amongst the orcs. Translated as “old man” | |
olden | kûb- | v | ZA < TK “kû” (old) | |
on (time) | irg | prep | NL < SV, ZA “erg” (at, on) | when action (will) happen at certain time interval, but this interval is quite long (as Egnlish “on Monday”) в довольно продолжительный промежуток времени (напр. “в понедельник”); по каким-либо временным интервалам (“по вторникам”, “по утрам”) |
once | asharz | adv | NL < TK “ash” (one) | including expressions “once upon a time”, “once upon in …” etc. |
once | nokh | adv | LOS < HG | |
once again | nokhar | adv | NL < LOS < HG | see also prefix “kru-” |
once more | nokhar | adv | NL < LOS < HG | see also prefix “kru-” |
one more time | nokhar | adv | NL < LOS < HG | see also prefix “kru-” |
one time (only) | asharz | adv | NL < TK “ash” (one) | including expressions “once upon a time”, “once upon in …” etc. |
one time (only) | nokh | adv | LOS < HG | |
ordinary | thang | adj | NL < Quenya “sanya” (regular, normal, law-abiding) < Etym. “STAN” (firm, decide); see also NL “than”, “thar” | |
outcome | laskâturm | n | NL < LOS “la” (after) + “skât-” (to come) | uncountable |
outdated | thukûbaga | pastp | NL, lit. “over-aged”; see “thu”, “kûb-” | |
pass | skît- | v | NL < late root “SKEY” (to pass), Neo-Quenya “xíta” (to pass, spend time) | about time |
pass (about time) | bhan- | v | NL < Quenya “vanya”, “vana” < Etym. “WAN”, Quenya and Telerin “auta” | also about dying |
pass away | bhan- | v | NL < Quenya “vanya”, “vana” < Etym. “WAN”, Quenya and Telerin “auta” | also about dying |
past | hoir | adj | NL < EH (n) < Gnomish “luin” (sic!) | |
pause | puzt- | v | NL < LOS “puzg-” (to stop, cf.) < Quenya “pusta” < Etym. “PUS” | |
perpetual | goir | adj | NL < Noldorin “(g)uir”, Quenya “oire”, “íre”, “aire” < Etym. “EY”, “GEY”, “OY” | |
perpetuate | goir- | v | NL, see “goir” | |
pre- | bhû | prefix | HG | prefix of prepared action like in “predict”, “predestination” префикс заранее подготовленного действия, например “приготовить”, “предназначать” |
precede | bhûsh- | v | NL < prefix “bhû-” + “ush-” (to go), see corresponding articles | |
preceeding | ikûrz | adj | LOS “ik” (before) | |
predate | bhûsh- | v | NL < prefix “bhû-” + “ush-” (to go), see corresponding articles | |
preface | bhûsh- | v | NL < prefix “bhû-” + “ush-” (to go), see corresponding articles | |
present | radûrz | adj | NL < LOS “rad” (now) | |
previous | ikûrz | adj | LOS “ik” (before) | |
previously | dok | adv | HG | |
prior to | ik | prep, conj | LOS | use with objects in accusative case; not used as standalone “before” (see “dok” instead) |
prior to | ugil | prep | SV | use with objects in accusative case; only in colloquial speech, “ik” is more preferable variant |
proceed | frun- | v | NL < Noldorin “brona”, Old Noldorin “bron” (to last, endure, survive) < Etym. “BORÓN” (to last, endure), compare with Quenya “voronwa” (enduring, long-lasting); see also “furn” | also “extend”, “stretch” about time use with prefix “dro-” for meanings “continue”, “proceed”, “keep on”, “go on” |
procrastinate | puzt- | v | NL < LOS “puzg-” (to stop, cf.) < Quenya “pusta” < Etym. “PUS” | |
progress | drûkhurm | n | NL “dro-” (forth, forward, pro-) + LOS “ukh-” (to go) + abstract noun suffix “-urm”; see corresponding articles | |
prompt | hîs | adj | LOS | |
put off | puzt- | v | NL < LOS “puzg-” (to stop, cf.) < Quenya “pusta” < Etym. “PUS” | |
quick | hîs | adj | LOS | |
rapid | hîs | adj | LOS | |
rare | raih | adv, adj | NL < Quenya “hraicénima” (scarcely visible, hard to see) < “hrai” (hard) + “cénima” (visible) < Etym. “KHEN” ; compare with NL “hon-”, “kin-” (to see) | |
rarely | raih | adv, adj | NL < Quenya “hraicénima” (scarcely visible, hard to see) < “hrai” (hard) + “cénima” (visible) < Etym. “KHEN” ; compare with NL “hon-”, “kin-” (to see) | |
rathe | hîs | adj | LOS | |
rather | hîsarzar | adv | NL < LOS “hîs” (adj.) (fast, quick, swift, soon, rathe, etc.) + adverb suffix “-arz” + comparative suffix “-ar” | in expressions like “I'd rather…”; not with meanings “quite”, “enough” (“He is rather big”) |
re- | kru | prefix | NL < LOS “krul” (“two”), “krut” (“back”, adv) | prefix of repeated action or fallback to previous state префикс повторного действия, возврата в предыдущее состояние, например в таких словах как “отвоевать”, “переделать”, “возвращаться”, “повторить” и т.п. |
recall | bhol- | v | NL < Sindarin “ephola”, “ebhola” (to remember?) | with object in Accusative case or with preposition “gus” (about) = remember; with object in Dative case = remind; with prefix “ri-” = to forget |
recently | îs | adv | NL < LOS “îs-” (to begin) | clitic adverb of aspect; only about unfinished action |
recently | ûnarz | adv | NL < LOS “ûn” (new) < HG | may be shortened to “ûn” as suffix of aspect |
regular | thang | adj | NL < Quenya “sanya” (regular, normal, law-abiding) < Etym. “STAN” (firm, decide); see also NL “than”, “thar” | |
regularly | ok | adv | NL < HG “okû”; compare with NL “gok” (flat, even) | used as clitic adverb of aspect (habitual, iterative); gains meaning ”used to” (regular action in the past, not familiriaty with) only together with verb in past tense |
remember | bhol- | v | NL < Sindarin “ephola”, “ebhola” (to remember?) | with object in Accusative case or with preposition “gus” (about) = remember; with object in Dative case = remind; with prefix “ri-” = to forget |
rememberance | bholurm | n | NL, merging “bhol-” with “bhû” (see corresponding articles) | |
remind | bhol- | v | NL < Sindarin “ephola”, “ebhola” (to remember?) | with object in Accusative case or with preposition “gus” (about) = remember; with object in Dative case = remind; with prefix “ri-” = to forget |
respite | puzt- | v | NL < LOS “puzg-” (to stop, cf.) < Quenya “pusta” < Etym. “PUS” | |
rest | puzt- | v | NL < LOS “puzg-” (to stop, cf.) < Quenya “pusta” < Etym. “PUS” | |
restrain | unudh- | v | LOS (only “detain”) < HG | to prevent action temporarily |
result | laskâturm | n | NL < LOS “la” (after) + “skât-” (to come) | uncountable |
retain | unudh- | v | LOS (only “detain”) < HG | to prevent action temporarily |
retard | unudh- | v | LOS (only “detain”) < HG | to prevent action temporarily |
revel | birt | n | NL < Quenya “meren(de)”, Noldorin “bereth” < Etym. “MBER” | |
right away | pogh | adv | NL < HG, SV “pog” (immediately) < SV (quick); changed to avoid false cognates with other dialects | |
round | raug | n | HG (only “round”) < LOS “rag” < SV (to turn); compare with Etym. “RAG” (crooked) | |
run | khîg- | v | NL < DS “kʰīga-” (to hurry) (Isengard), “khîghâ-” (Moria) < PO “klikja-” | |
run (away, from, off) | irz- | v | LOS; compare with Etym. “YUR” | together with object in Elative case to clarify meaning “escape” |
Saturday | ilzârsh | n | NL, lit. “Day of the Stars”, see “ilz”, “ârsh” | |
scarce | raih | adv, adj | NL < Quenya “hraicénima” (scarcely visible, hard to see) < “hrai” (hard) + “cénima” (visible) < Etym. “KHEN” ; compare with NL “hon-”, “kin-” (to see) | |
seldom | raih | adv, adj | NL < Quenya “hraicénima” (scarcely visible, hard to see) < “hrai” (hard) + “cénima” (visible) < Etym. “KHEN” ; compare with NL “hon-”, “kin-” (to see) | |
shall | ub | suffix | AN, probably from Quenya future tense suffix “-uva”, Old Sindarin “-ubā” (remote future suffix) | future tense suffix |
since | ghâr | prep | HG < LOS “ghâra” | only about time; use with objects in accusative case |
since (when) | amilah | pro | NL, see “amil”, “ah” | only about time; only relative; see “milah” for question particle; may be replaced with “ghâr” |
since when? | milah | pro | NL, see “mil”, “ah” | only about time; only interrogative (in questions); see “amilah” for relative counterpart; in Modern analytical style should be replaced with “ghâr mil?” |
slow | fûrz | adj | NL < LOS “fûsh”; changed to avoid ambiguity with other dialects; compare with Quenya “fifíru” (to slowly fade away) | |
so far | zilu | pro | NL, “zil” (now) + allative case suffix “-u” | only about time; in Modern analytical style should be replaced with “zizil” |
so long as | zash rodharz zash | expr | see “zash”, “rodh” | |
sometimes | ilmûd | pro | NL, see “il” and “mûd” | |
soon | uth | adv | NL < Gnomish “mu”, “mutha” (will, I am going to, I am about to) + LOS “gûth” (almost, nearly) | usually have a tone of intention; see also verb “pant-” |
sooner | hîsarzar | adv | NL < LOS “hîs” (adj.) (fast, quick, swift, soon, rathe, etc.) + adverb suffix “-arz” + comparative suffix “-ar” | in expressions like “I'd rather…”; not with meanings “quite”, “enough” (“He is rather big”) |
speedy | hîs | adj | LOS | |
spend | skît- | v | NL < late root “SKEY” (to pass), Neo-Quenya “xíta” (to pass, spend time) | about time |
spring (season) | tûth | n | NL < Qenya “tuita” (to bud, burgeon, grow), Gnomish “tuitha” (to sprout) < Etym. “TUY” (spring, sprout); compare with PN “Thranduil” (Vigorous Spring) | |
standard | thang | adj | NL < Quenya “sanya” (regular, normal, law-abiding) < Etym. “STAN” (firm, decide); see also NL “than”, “thar” | |
start | îs- | v | LOS | “begin to” + verb is usually replaced with verb + suffix “-îs” |
still | rad | adv | LOS | in Nûrlâm is used with meaning “now” only as clitic adverb of aspect, standalone word only in Colloquial speech (in Standard language use “zil” instead) |
still | zizil | conj | see “zi”, “zil” | about time |
subsequently | hîlarz | adv | NL, see “hîl-” | |
summer | lagr | n | NL < Quenya “lairë” < Etym. (AC) “LAYA”; compare also with Sindarin “laeg” (fresh, green) | |
Sunday | ûzhârsh | n | NL, literal translation of “Sun-day”; see “ûzh”, “ârsh” | |
sunrise | ânsh | n | HG (v) < RE “ânash” (n) < LOS “ân” (Sun) < Quenya “anar” | |
sunset | muth | n | NL, merging Sindarin “moth”, Qenya “maska” (dawn) with MERP, SV “mug”, to avoid Albanian cognate | see also “muzg” |
sunset | ândh | n | NL, merging “ânsh” (morning) with “dhu” (down), “dhut-” (descend), all from HG, and Quenya “andúnë”, Sindarin “annûn” (sunset, evening, West) < Etym. “NDŪ” (go down, sink, set) | |
swift | hîs | adj | LOS | |
tear | khîg- | v | NL < DS “kʰīga-” (to hurry) (Isengard), “khîghâ-” (Moria) < PO “klikja-” | |
that time | zîgil | pro | NL < “za” + “il” (see corresponding articles) | only about time, not used in conditions (“if … then …”) |
then | la | prep, adv | LOS | use with objects in accusative case |
then | lârz | adv | adverb from “la” | about time and numerical order |
then | rîg | adv | NL < LOS “rad” (now) + SV “atîg” (there) | dialectical word, only in Colloquial Nûrlâm (“zîgil” in Standard language) |
then | zîgil | pro | NL < “za” + “il” (see corresponding articles) | only about time, not used in conditions (“if … then …”) |
thereafter | lazîg | adv | NL, see “la”, “zîg” | |
this time | zil | pro | NL < “za” + “il” (see corresponding articles) | |
Thursday | kârshârsh | n | NL, lit. “Sea-day”; see “kârsh”, “ârsh” | |
till | zi | prep | LOS (“until”) | use with objects in accusative case or dependent clauses in past or future, but not present tense; with dependent clauses “amilu” is preferred используется с существительными в винительном падеже или подчинённым предложением в прошедшем или будущем времени, но без отрицательной частицы; с подчинёнными предложениями лучше использовать “amilu” |
time | il | n | SV | often used as suffix to make indefinite and relative pro-adverbs of time |
to (time) | zi | prep | LOS (“until”) | use with objects in accusative case or dependent clauses in past or future, but not present tense; with dependent clauses “amilu” is preferred используется с существительными в винительном падеже или подчинённым предложением в прошедшем или будущем времени, но без отрицательной частицы; с подчинёнными предложениями лучше использовать “amilu” |
today | zârsh | adv, n | LOS, lit. “this day” | |
tomorrow | abârsh | n, adv | lit. “next day”, see “ârsh” and “ab” | variant of “ârshab” |
tomorrow | ârshab | n, adv | lit. “next day”, see “ârsh” and “ab” | noun/adverb, uncountable |
tonight | zafugh | adv | NL, see “za”, “fugh” | |
Tuesday | ornârsh | n | NL, lit. “Day of the Trees” (Two Trees of Valinor); see “orn”, “ârsh” | |
twilight | muth | n | NL, merging Sindarin “moth”, Qenya “maska” (dawn) with MERP, SV “mug”, to avoid Albanian cognate | see also “muzg” |
until | zi | prep | LOS (“until”) | use with objects in accusative case or dependent clauses in past or future, but not present tense; with dependent clauses “amilu” is preferred используется с существительными в винительном падеже или подчинённым предложением в прошедшем или будущем времени, но без отрицательной частицы; с подчинёнными предложениями лучше использовать “amilu” |
until (when) | amilu | pro | NL, see “mil”, “-u” | only about time; only relative; see “amilu” for question particle; may be replaced with “zi” |
until now | zilu | pro | NL, “zil” (now) + allative case suffix “-u” | only about time; in Modern analytical style should be replaced with “zizil” |
until now | zizil | conj | see “zi”, “zil” | about time |
until when? | milu | pro | NL, see “mil”, “-u” | only about time; only interrogative (in questions); see “amilu” for relative counterpart; in Modern analytical style should be replaced with “zi mil?” |
used to | ok | adv | NL < HG “okû”; compare with NL “gok” (flat, even) | used as clitic adverb of aspect (habitual, iterative); gains meaning ”used to” (regular action in the past, not familiriaty with) only together with verb in past tense |
usual | thang | adj | NL < Quenya “sanya” (regular, normal, law-abiding) < Etym. “STAN” (firm, decide); see also NL “than”, “thar” | |
usually | ok | adv | NL < HG “okû”; compare with NL “gok” (flat, even) | used as clitic adverb of aspect (habitual, iterative); gains meaning ”used to” (regular action in the past, not familiriaty with) only together with verb in past tense |
vacation | birtârsh | n | literally “feast-day”; see “birt”, “ârsh” | |
vanish | bhan- | v | NL < Quenya “vanya”, “vana” < Etym. “WAN”, Quenya and Telerin “auta” | also about dying |
wait | darb- | v | NL < Etym. “DAR” | |
waste | skît- | v | NL < late root “SKEY” (to pass), Neo-Quenya “xíta” (to pass, spend time) | about time |
Wednesday | nodârsh | n | NL, lit. “middle-day”; see “nod”, “ârsh” | |
Wednesday | nutârsh | n | NL, lit. “Heaven's day”; see “nut”, “ârsh” | |
week | udârsh | n | NL < “udug” (seven) + “ârsh” (day) | |
weekend | sligârsh | n | NL, lit. “free day”, see “slig”, “ârsh” | |
when | amil | pro | NL, see “mash”, “il” | only relative; see “mil” for question particle |
when? | mil | pro | NL, see “mash”, “il” | only interrogative (in questions); see “amil” for relative counterpart |
whenever | milkon | pro | NL, see “mil”, “kon” | only with interrogative (questions) and dubitative moods |
while | kusn | conj, prep | LOS < SV or MB | use with objects in accusative case |
will | ub | suffix | AN, probably from Quenya future tense suffix “-uva”, Old Sindarin “-ubā” (remote future suffix) | future tense suffix |
will (do smth.) soon | uth | adv | NL < Gnomish “mu”, “mutha” (will, I am going to, I am about to) + LOS “gûth” (almost, nearly) | usually have a tone of intention; see also verb “pant-” |
winter | hîrb | n | NL, merging Quenya “hrívë” with Sindarin “rhîw” | |
winter solstice | yûln | n | NL, merging “yû” (very old, cf.), SV “il” (time), LOS “ûn” (new), ZA “îla”, Quenya “yén”, Sindarin “în” < Etym. “YEN”, Quenya “loa” (all meaning “year”) to make resemblance with “Yule” without direct borrowing | uncountable |
within (time) | furn | prep | NL < Etym. “BORÓN” (to last, endure), compare with Quenya “vor”, “vora”, “vorë”, “voro”, etc. Similarity with English “for” is accidental | used with objects in accusative case только о времени |
year | lau | n | NL < Middle-Quenya “loa”, Gnomish “lath” < Etym. “LAW” (warm) | |
year | ûzhraug | n | “sun cycle” | |
yesterday | ârshik | n, adv | lit. “the day before”, see “ârsh” and “ik” | noun/adverb, uncountable |
yet | rad | adv | LOS | in Nûrlâm is used with meaning “now” only as clitic adverb of aspect, standalone word only in Colloquial speech (in Standard language use “zil” instead) |
yet | zilu | pro | NL, “zil” (now) + allative case suffix “-u” | only about time; in Modern analytical style should be replaced with “zizil” |
yet | zizil | conj | see “zi”, “zil” | about time |
yore | hoir | adj | NL < EH (n) < Gnomish “luin” (sic!) | |
young | fîm | adj | LOS “fîm” (youth) (n), “fîmûrz” (young) (adj) < Quenya “vinya” (young, new) | |
yule | yûln | n | NL, merging “yû” (very old, cf.), SV “il” (time), LOS “ûn” (new), ZA “îla”, Quenya “yén”, Sindarin “în” < Etym. “YEN”, Quenya “loa” (all meaning “year”) to make resemblance with “Yule” without direct borrowing | uncountable |