This page will contain the list of words related to speech and verbal expression of thoughts.
English | Nûrlâm | Part of speech | Etymology | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|
account | ghînt | n | NL < merging Quenya “quenta” < Etym. “KWET” (to say) with LOS “gashn-” (to speak, cf.); see also “ghîsh” | |
accuse | slog- | v | NL < LOS “sloi-” (to accuse); changed according to Nûrlâm rules | |
advice | thrâh- | v | NL “thrag-” (bring) < TK “thrak-” (bring, hale, drag by force) | with prefix “thu-” transforms into “thuthrâh-” (to insist); target person should be marked with dative case |
agree | akh- | v | LOS | with somebody – use Comitative case |
agreement | gîzd | n | NL < “gazd-” (swear), Noldorin “gowest” (contract, lit. “swear together”) < Primitive Elvish “wedtā” < Etym. “WED” (bind) | |
alarm | razg- | v | NL < Quenya “raxë” (danger) | |
alert | razg- | v | NL < Quenya “raxë” (danger) | |
answer | gashn- | v | LOS, probably from Valarin “akašân” = “he (Eru) says”; compare with NL “goshn”, “gaz”, “gazd”, “kazh”; compare with Sindarin “can” (to cry out, shout, call), “-gon” (either “command” or “revered”) in PN “Turgon”, “Firgon”, all from Etym. “KAN” (dare) and early Primitive Elvish root “KAN” (cry aloud, command, lead, rule) | just make a meaningful sounds, say a word or more, but it's not necessary if other person answered, if speaker heard it, if speaker take the answer into consideration, etc.; with prefix “bhû-” means “predict”; with prefix ”kru-” means “answer”, “reply”; with prefix “ri-” means “interrupt”; with prefix “thu-” means “command”, “order”; do not mix with “ghâsh-” (to burn) |
answer | gauth- | v | NL, merging Sindarin “gweth” (report) with ZA “gaur” (answer); compare with DS “gin” (news, report) < ? Etym. “GWEN” (fresh), Eldarin “win”; Quenya “vinya”? | |
answer | gauthurm | n | NL, see “gauth-” | |
argue | bugb- | v | LOS, HG < SV “bugjab-” (lit. “against say”) | use with objects in Comitative or Accusative case |
argue | shugb- | v | HG < SV “shúmjâb” (lit. “a lot of talk”) | speak with both sides actively participating; enforcing prefix “thu-” is required for clarifying meanings “debate”, “dispute”, “argue”, “quarrel”; other participant is marked with comitative case; topic is used together with preposition “gus” (about) and noun in accusative |
ask | markh- | v | NL, merging question particle “mar” with “khul-” (to demand, request) (see corresponding articles) with obsolete Quenya “maquet” < “quet” (to say, speak, tell) | |
ask for | has- | v | LOS, probably from Quenya “cesta” (to seek, search for, ask) or Qenya “iqista” (“request”, “please”, n) < Etym. “IQI” | |
ask for | khûl- | v | NL < HG “khul-” (to question, ask); changed to avoid ambiguity with suffixes “-ul” and “-ulg” | add prefix “thu-” to clarify meaning “demand” |
assume | ton- | v | NL < LOS “tonprakh” < SV (to suppose, presume) < LL “prakh” (to lure) | |
augur | falkh- | v | NL < SV “falk” (to toss a dice, bone) < MERP “flak” < Albanian (to throw, cast) | literally “toss the bones / dices” букв. “раскинуть кости” |
aye | akh | expr | LOS | literally means “agree”, used as equivalent of English affirmative response “yes” букв. “согласен” |
badge | tan | n | NL < Quenya “tanna” | |
be grumpy | brumg- | v | LOS < HG | |
beg | has- | v | LOS, probably from Quenya “cesta” (to seek, search for, ask) or Qenya “iqista” (“request”, “please”, n) < Etym. “IQI” | |
bewail | nîth- | v | NL < Gnomish “naitha” (to lament, weep, wail for, make moan for) < Primitive Elvish “NAY” (lament), “NYEHE” (weep), “NYE(NE)” (bleat) from which Vala's name “Nienna” was initally explained; see also Gnomish “nurna” (to bewail, lament, complain of) < Primitive Elvish “NURU” (growl, grumble); see also Primitive Elvish roots “ŊAHYA”, “NAẎA” (to grieve, hurt) | coincidental resemblance to Russian “ныть” [nɨtʲ] |
blame | slog- | v | NL < LOS “sloi-” (to accuse); changed according to Nûrlâm rules | |
call | bugd- | v | all major dialects < LL | |
carve | drab- | v | Noldorin “dravo” (to hew) < Etym. “DARÁM” (to beat, hew); compare with “drag”, “dramp-”, “drang” | to make an inscription or image by removing material with hewing tools |
cheat | prakh- | v | all major dialects < LL (to lure); other meanings were added in SV | |
command | gashn- | v | LOS, probably from Valarin “akašân” = “he (Eru) says”; compare with NL “goshn”, “gaz”, “gazd”, “kazh”; compare with Sindarin “can” (to cry out, shout, call), “-gon” (either “command” or “revered”) in PN “Turgon”, “Firgon”, all from Etym. “KAN” (dare) and early Primitive Elvish root “KAN” (cry aloud, command, lead, rule) | just make a meaningful sounds, say a word or more, but it's not necessary if other person answered, if speaker heard it, if speaker take the answer into consideration, etc.; with prefix “bhû-” means “predict”; with prefix ”kru-” means “answer”, “reply”; with prefix “ri-” means “interrupt”; with prefix “thu-” means “command”, “order”; do not mix with “ghâsh-” (to burn) |
command | goshn- | v | NL < LOS “gashn-” (to say) < Valarin “akašân” = “he (Eru) says” and Sindarin “can” (to cry out, shout call), “-gon” (either “command” or “revered”) in PN “Turgon”, “Firgon”, all from Etym. “KAN” (dare) and early Primitive Elvish root “KAN” (cry aloud, command, lead, rule) | |
command | kazh- | v | ZB < Valarin “akašân” = “he (Eru) says” | |
comment | khish | n | NL < Quenya “eques” (saying, dictum, quotation, statement) < “equë” (to say) merged with Valarin “akašân” = “he (Eru) says”; compare with “gashn-”, “kazh-” | |
complain | brumg- | v | LOS < HG | |
complain | nîth- | v | NL < Gnomish “naitha” (to lament, weep, wail for, make moan for) < Primitive Elvish “NAY” (lament), “NYEHE” (weep), “NYE(NE)” (bleat) from which Vala's name “Nienna” was initally explained; see also Gnomish “nurna” (to bewail, lament, complain of) < Primitive Elvish “NURU” (growl, grumble); see also Primitive Elvish roots “ŊAHYA”, “NAẎA” (to grieve, hurt) | coincidental resemblance to Russian “ныть” [nɨtʲ] |
conjecture | falkh- | v | NL < SV “falk” (to toss a dice, bone) < MERP “flak” < Albanian (to throw, cast) | literally “toss the bones / dices” букв. “раскинуть кости” |
contract | gîzd | n | NL < “gazd-” (swear), Noldorin “gowest” (contract, lit. “swear together”) < Primitive Elvish “wedtā” < Etym. “WED” (bind) | |
contradict | bugb- | v | LOS, HG < SV “bugjab-” (lit. “against say”) | use with objects in Comitative or Accusative case |
converse | shugb- | v | HG < SV “shúmjâb” (lit. “a lot of talk”) | speak with both sides actively participating; enforcing prefix “thu-” is required for clarifying meanings “debate”, “dispute”, “argue”, “quarrel”; other participant is marked with comitative case; topic is used together with preposition “gus” (about) and noun in accusative |
crier | omog | n | lit. “mouth”; compare with “Mouth of Sauron” | |
cry out | goshn- | v | NL < LOS “gashn-” (to say) < Valarin “akašân” = “he (Eru) says” and Sindarin “can” (to cry out, shout call), “-gon” (either “command” or “revered”) in PN “Turgon”, “Firgon”, all from Etym. “KAN” (dare) and early Primitive Elvish root “KAN” (cry aloud, command, lead, rule) | |
curse | skurm | n | NL, merging TK “skai” with abstract suffix “-urm” and NL “skûn-” | uncountable |
curse | skûn- | v | NL < Primitive Elvish root “SKŪ” > Quenya “húna” | |
damn | skûn- | v | NL < Primitive Elvish root “SKŪ” > Quenya “húna” | |
damnation | skurm | n | NL, merging TK “skai” with abstract suffix “-urm” and NL “skûn-” | uncountable |
daresay | ton- | v | NL < LOS “tonprakh” < SV (to suppose, presume) < LL “prakh” (to lure) | |
debate | shugb- | v | HG < SV “shúmjâb” (lit. “a lot of talk”) | speak with both sides actively participating; enforcing prefix “thu-” is required for clarifying meanings “debate”, “dispute”, “argue”, “quarrel”; other participant is marked with comitative case; topic is used together with preposition “gus” (about) and noun in accusative |
deceit | lân | n | NL < early Noldorin “orvlann” (without deceit) < “bland” (lie) | uncountable |
deceive | lan- | v | NL < early Noldorin “orvlann” (without deceit) < “bland” (lie) | |
deceive | prakh- | v | all major dialects < LL (to lure); other meanings were added in SV | |
decline | narbh- | v | NL, merging BS “nar” with Etym. “AB”, “ABAR” (refuse, deny); compare with “Avari” (elves who refused to go to Aman) | object person should be in dative case |
defy | bugb- | v | LOS, HG < SV “bugjab-” (lit. “against say”) | use with objects in Comitative or Accusative case |
delate | ghînt- | v | NL < merging Quenya “quenta” < Etym. “KWET” (to say) with LOS “gashn-” (to speak, cf.) | direct object — about what/whom to report; indirect object — whom to report |
demand | khûl- | v | NL < HG “khul-” (to question, ask); changed to avoid ambiguity with suffixes “-ul” and “-ulg” | add prefix “thu-” to clarify meaning “demand” |
denounce | ghînt- | v | NL < merging Quenya “quenta” < Etym. “KWET” (to say) with LOS “gashn-” (to speak, cf.) | direct object — about what/whom to report; indirect object — whom to report |
deny | narbh- | v | NL, merging BS “nar” with Etym. “AB”, “ABAR” (refuse, deny); compare with “Avari” (elves who refused to go to Aman) | object person should be in dative case |
deride | yad- | v | NL < Neo-Sindarin “iaeda-” < Etym. “YAY” | |
describe | dharb- | v | NL, “oth” + “zarb-” (in analogy with Latin) > “odharb-” > “dharb-”; see “oth”, “zarb-” | |
dictum | khish | n | NL < Quenya “eques” (saying, dictum, quotation, statement) < “equë” (to say) merged with Valarin “akašân” = “he (Eru) says”; compare with “gashn-”, “kazh-” | |
disagree | bugb- | v | LOS, HG < SV “bugjab-” (lit. “against say”) | use with objects in Comitative or Accusative case |
discuss | shugb- | v | HG < SV “shúmjâb” (lit. “a lot of talk”) | speak with both sides actively participating; enforcing prefix “thu-” is required for clarifying meanings “debate”, “dispute”, “argue”, “quarrel”; other participant is marked with comitative case; topic is used together with preposition “gus” (about) and noun in accusative |
dispatch | mont | n | NL < Quenya “menta” (message) < “menta” (to send) | something sent verbally or in written form |
dispute | shugb- | v | HG < SV “shúmjâb” (lit. “a lot of talk”) | speak with both sides actively participating; enforcing prefix “thu-” is required for clarifying meanings “debate”, “dispute”, “argue”, “quarrel”; other participant is marked with comitative case; topic is used together with preposition “gus” (about) and noun in accusative |
divine | falkh- | v | NL < SV “falk” (to toss a dice, bone) < MERP “flak” < Albanian (to throw, cast) | literally “toss the bones / dices” букв. “раскинуть кости” |
emboss | drab- | v | Noldorin “dravo” (to hew) < Etym. “DARÁM” (to beat, hew); compare with “drag”, “dramp-”, “drang” | to make an inscription or image by removing material with hewing tools |
engrave | drab- | v | Noldorin “dravo” (to hew) < Etym. “DARÁM” (to beat, hew); compare with “drag”, “dramp-”, “drang” | to make an inscription or image by removing material with hewing tools |
enquire | hozd- | v | NL < Quenya “cesta” (to ask, seek), “ces” (to search, examine) | |
epistle | zarmbont | n | NL, “zarb-” + “mont” (see corresponding articles) > “zarbmont” > “zarmbont” | written message |
evidence | ghînt | n | NL < merging Quenya “quenta” < Etym. “KWET” (to say) with LOS “gashn-” (to speak, cf.); see also “ghîsh” | |
examine | hozd- | v | NL < Quenya “cesta” (to ask, seek), “ces” (to search, examine) | |
explain | rizûrb- | v | NL, lit. “to between-understand”, “to inter-understand”; see “ri”, “zûrb-” | |
flattery | glizg | n | NL < Gnomish “glisc” (fond of sweets; fond of saying sweet or flattering things, suave, flattering); compare with Quenya “lissë” and Sindarin “laich” both meaning “sweet” | uncountable |
flout | yad- | v | NL < Neo-Sindarin “iaeda-” < Etym. “YAY” | |
flout | yau | n | NL < Noldorin “iaew” < Etym. “YAY” | uncountable |
fool (smb. else) | prakh- | v | all major dialects < LL (to lure); other meanings were added in SV | |
forebode | falkh- | v | NL < SV “falk” (to toss a dice, bone) < MERP “flak” < Albanian (to throw, cast) | literally “toss the bones / dices” букв. “раскинуть кости” |
forecast | falkh- | v | NL < SV “falk” (to toss a dice, bone) < MERP “flak” < Albanian (to throw, cast) | literally “toss the bones / dices” букв. “раскинуть кости” |
foretell | falkh- | v | NL < SV “falk” (to toss a dice, bone) < MERP “flak” < Albanian (to throw, cast) | literally “toss the bones / dices” букв. “раскинуть кости” |
give clue | gît- | v | NL < Quenya “hiuta”, Old Noldorin “gyûta” < Etym. (AC) “ÑIW” (wink, hint); also Gnomish “nautha” (to hint) < Primitive Elvish root “NAVA” | to somebody – use with Dative case |
give oath | gazd- | v | NL, combination of HG “gadhl” (to promise) < SV (but no source word given) with Noldorin “gwaedh”, “gwest” (oath, bond, troth) < Etym. “WED” (bind); compare with “gaz” (mouth) and “gashn-” (say) | more obligatory promise, usually invoking some divine being or spirit, or by leaving a mortgage. E.g. “Gazd turkûrz sha!” (Swear on precious!); if the oath is given to somebody, receiver should be marked with Dative case |
groan | nîth- | v | NL < Gnomish “naitha” (to lament, weep, wail for, make moan for) < Primitive Elvish “NAY” (lament), “NYEHE” (weep), “NYE(NE)” (bleat) from which Vala's name “Nienna” was initally explained; see also Gnomish “nurna” (to bewail, lament, complain of) < Primitive Elvish “NURU” (growl, grumble); see also Primitive Elvish roots “ŊAHYA”, “NAẎA” (to grieve, hurt) | coincidental resemblance to Russian “ныть” [nɨtʲ] |
grumble | brumg- | v | LOS < HG | |
guarantee | fad- | v | NL < Quenya “vanda” (oath, pledge, solemn promise) | promise to smb. - use with object Dative case |
guarantee | gazd- | v | NL, combination of HG “gadhl” (to promise) < SV (but no source word given) with Noldorin “gwaedh”, “gwest” (oath, bond, troth) < Etym. “WED” (bind); compare with “gaz” (mouth) and “gashn-” (say) | more obligatory promise, usually invoking some divine being or spirit, or by leaving a mortgage. E.g. “Gazd turkûrz sha!” (Swear on precious!); if the oath is given to somebody, receiver should be marked with Dative case |
guess | ton- | v | NL < LOS “tonprakh” < SV (to suppose, presume) < LL “prakh” (to lure) | |
harsh | hazt | adj | MERP; probably from Icelandic “harðdrægur” | metaphorically, about character, speech |
herald | omog | n | lit. “mouth”; compare with “Mouth of Sauron” | |
hew out | drab- | v | Noldorin “dravo” (to hew) < Etym. “DARÁM” (to beat, hew); compare with “drag”, “dramp-”, “drang” | to make an inscription or image by removing material with hewing tools |
hint | gît- | v | NL < Quenya “hiuta”, Old Noldorin “gyûta” < Etym. (AC) “ÑIW” (wink, hint); also Gnomish “nautha” (to hint) < Primitive Elvish root “NAVA” | to somebody – use with Dative case |
history | ghînt | n | NL < merging Quenya “quenta” < Etym. “KWET” (to say) with LOS “gashn-” (to speak, cf.); see also “ghîsh” | |
hollow out | drab- | v | Noldorin “dravo” (to hew) < Etym. “DARÁM” (to beat, hew); compare with “drag”, “dramp-”, “drang” | to make an inscription or image by removing material with hewing tools |
hypocrisy | glizg | n | NL < Gnomish “glisc” (fond of sweets; fond of saying sweet or flattering things, suave, flattering); compare with Quenya “lissë” and Sindarin “laich” both meaning “sweet” | uncountable |
impress | drab- | v | Noldorin “dravo” (to hew) < Etym. “DARÁM” (to beat, hew); compare with “drag”, “dramp-”, “drang” | to make an inscription or image by removing material with hewing tools |
imprint | drab- | v | Noldorin “dravo” (to hew) < Etym. “DARÁM” (to beat, hew); compare with “drag”, “dramp-”, “drang” | to make an inscription or image by removing material with hewing tools |
inscribe | zarb- | v | NL < Khuzdul “ZRB” | |
interpret | rizûrb- | v | NL, lit. “to between-understand”, “to inter-understand”; see “ri”, “zûrb-” | |
interrogate | hozd- | v | NL < Quenya “cesta” (to ask, seek), “ces” (to search, examine) | |
invite | brosk- | v | NL, probably from SV “brosh” (greeting, cf.) | |
jeer | yad- | v | NL < Neo-Sindarin “iaeda-” < Etym. “YAY” | |
jest | hok | n | LOS (ULK) < LOS “hokarl-” (to laugh) < HG; compare with Gnomish “cag” | |
joke | hok | n | LOS (ULK) < LOS “hokarl-” (to laugh) < HG; compare with Gnomish “cag” | |
lament | nîth- | v | NL < Gnomish “naitha” (to lament, weep, wail for, make moan for) < Primitive Elvish “NAY” (lament), “NYEHE” (weep), “NYE(NE)” (bleat) from which Vala's name “Nienna” was initally explained; see also Gnomish “nurna” (to bewail, lament, complain of) < Primitive Elvish “NURU” (growl, grumble); see also Primitive Elvish roots “ŊAHYA”, “NAẎA” (to grieve, hurt) | coincidental resemblance to Russian “ныть” [nɨtʲ] |
language | lâm | n | LOS < Quenya “lamba” (physical tongue) < Etym. “LAB” (lick); Quenya “lambë” (language, speech), Noldorin “glamb”, “glamm” (shouting noise; barbarous, orc speech) < Etym. “ÑGALAM” (talk loud) | |
laugh | lal- | v | NL < Quenya “lala” | “to laugh at” should be translated with object in Dative case or with preposition “gus” |
laugh (at) | yad- | v | NL < Neo-Sindarin “iaeda-” < Etym. “YAY” | |
legend | shûmg | n | NL < SV “shúmjâb” (literally “a lot of talk”); compare with “shugb-” | |
letter | gort | n | NL < Quenya “certa”, Sindarin “Certh”; compare with “Cirth”, “Angerthas” | |
letter | zarmbont | n | NL, “zarb-” + “mont” (see corresponding articles) > “zarbmont” > “zarmbont” | written message |
lie | lan- | v | NL < early Noldorin “orvlann” (without deceit) < “bland” (lie) | |
lie | lân | n | NL < early Noldorin “orvlann” (without deceit) < “bland” (lie) | uncountable |
lie (tell untruth) | prakh- | v | all major dialects < LL (to lure); other meanings were added in SV | |
listen | kazb- | v | ZA < SV (UTL) < SV “kasp-”, “kasn-” (to hear, listen); compare with Hurrian “haš-”, “χaž-” (to hear) | |
lure | prakh- | v | all major dialects < LL (to lure); other meanings were added in SV | |
make fun (of) | yad- | v | NL < Neo-Sindarin “iaeda-” < Etym. “YAY” | |
make oath | gazd- | v | NL, combination of HG “gadhl” (to promise) < SV (but no source word given) with Noldorin “gwaedh”, “gwest” (oath, bond, troth) < Etym. “WED” (bind); compare with “gaz” (mouth) and “gashn-” (say) | more obligatory promise, usually invoking some divine being or spirit, or by leaving a mortgage. E.g. “Gazd turkûrz sha!” (Swear on precious!); if the oath is given to somebody, receiver should be marked with Dative case |
message | mont | n | NL < Quenya “menta” (message) < “menta” (to send) | something sent verbally or in written form |
message | zarmbont | n | NL, “zarb-” + “mont” (see corresponding articles) > “zarbmont” > “zarmbont” | written message |
mind (against) | bugb- | v | LOS, HG < SV “bugjab-” (lit. “against say”) | use with objects in Comitative or Accusative case |
moan (for) | nîth- | v | NL < Gnomish “naitha” (to lament, weep, wail for, make moan for) < Primitive Elvish “NAY” (lament), “NYEHE” (weep), “NYE(NE)” (bleat) from which Vala's name “Nienna” was initally explained; see also Gnomish “nurna” (to bewail, lament, complain of) < Primitive Elvish “NURU” (growl, grumble); see also Primitive Elvish roots “ŊAHYA”, “NAẎA” (to grieve, hurt) | coincidental resemblance to Russian “ныть” [nɨtʲ] |
mock | yad- | v | NL < Neo-Sindarin “iaeda-” < Etym. “YAY” | |
mocking | yau | n | NL < Noldorin “iaew” < Etym. “YAY” | uncountable |
mortgage | fad- | v | NL < Quenya “vanda” (oath, pledge, solemn promise) | promise to smb. - use with object Dative case |
mourn | nîth- | v | NL < Gnomish “naitha” (to lament, weep, wail for, make moan for) < Primitive Elvish “NAY” (lament), “NYEHE” (weep), “NYE(NE)” (bleat) from which Vala's name “Nienna” was initally explained; see also Gnomish “nurna” (to bewail, lament, complain of) < Primitive Elvish “NURU” (growl, grumble); see also Primitive Elvish roots “ŊAHYA”, “NAẎA” (to grieve, hurt) | coincidental resemblance to Russian “ныть” [nɨtʲ] |
name | bugd- | v | all major dialects < LL | |
negotiate | shugb- | v | HG < SV “shúmjâb” (lit. “a lot of talk”) | speak with both sides actively participating; enforcing prefix “thu-” is required for clarifying meanings “debate”, “dispute”, “argue”, “quarrel”; other participant is marked with comitative case; topic is used together with preposition “gus” (about) and noun in accusative |
news | gin | n | DS | |
notes | khish | n | NL < Quenya “eques” (saying, dictum, quotation, statement) < “equë” (to say) merged with Valarin “akašân” = “he (Eru) says”; compare with “gashn-”, “kazh-” | |
notice | khish | n | NL < Quenya “eques” (saying, dictum, quotation, statement) < “equë” (to say) merged with Valarin “akašân” = “he (Eru) says”; compare with “gashn-”, “kazh-” | |
number | gûnt | n | NL < ZA “gûnod” < Noldorin “gwanod” < Etym. “NOT” (tale, number) | |
object (to) | bugb- | v | LOS, HG < SV “bugjab-” (lit. “against say”) | use with objects in Comitative or Accusative case |
offer | thrâh- | v | NL “thrag-” (bring) < TK “thrak-” (bring, hale, drag by force) | with prefix “thu-” transforms into “thuthrâh-” (to insist); target person should be marked with dative case |
oppose | bugb- | v | LOS, HG < SV “bugjab-” (lit. “against say”) | use with objects in Comitative or Accusative case |
order | gashn- | v | LOS, probably from Valarin “akašân” = “he (Eru) says”; compare with NL “goshn”, “gaz”, “gazd”, “kazh”; compare with Sindarin “can” (to cry out, shout, call), “-gon” (either “command” or “revered”) in PN “Turgon”, “Firgon”, all from Etym. “KAN” (dare) and early Primitive Elvish root “KAN” (cry aloud, command, lead, rule) | just make a meaningful sounds, say a word or more, but it's not necessary if other person answered, if speaker heard it, if speaker take the answer into consideration, etc.; with prefix “bhû-” means “predict”; with prefix ”kru-” means “answer”, “reply”; with prefix “ri-” means “interrupt”; with prefix “thu-” means “command”, “order”; do not mix with “ghâsh-” (to burn) |
order | kazh- | v | ZB < Valarin “akašân” = “he (Eru) says” | |
pact | gîzd | n | NL < “gazd-” (swear), Noldorin “gowest” (contract, lit. “swear together”) < Primitive Elvish “wedtā” < Etym. “WED” (bind) | |
peach | ghînt- | v | NL < merging Quenya “quenta” < Etym. “KWET” (to say) with LOS “gashn-” (to speak, cf.) | direct object — about what/whom to report; indirect object — whom to report |
pimp (on) | ghînt- | v | NL < merging Quenya “quenta” < Etym. “KWET” (to say) with LOS “gashn-” (to speak, cf.) | direct object — about what/whom to report; indirect object — whom to report |
plead | has- | v | LOS, probably from Quenya “cesta” (to seek, search for, ask) or Qenya “iqista” (“request”, “please”, n) < Etym. “IQI” | |
please | dahas | expr | lit. “I beg”; see “da”, “has-” | |
pledge | fad | n | NL < Quenya “vanda” (oath, pledge, solemn promise) | |
pledge | fad- | v | NL < Quenya “vanda” (oath, pledge, solemn promise) | promise to smb. - use with object Dative case |
pledge | gazd- | v | NL, combination of HG “gadhl” (to promise) < SV (but no source word given) with Noldorin “gwaedh”, “gwest” (oath, bond, troth) < Etym. “WED” (bind); compare with “gaz” (mouth) and “gashn-” (say) | more obligatory promise, usually invoking some divine being or spirit, or by leaving a mortgage. E.g. “Gazd turkûrz sha!” (Swear on precious!); if the oath is given to somebody, receiver should be marked with Dative case |
plight | skurm | n | NL, merging TK “skai” with abstract suffix “-urm” and NL “skûn-” | uncountable |
predict | falkh- | v | NL < SV “falk” (to toss a dice, bone) < MERP “flak” < Albanian (to throw, cast) | literally “toss the bones / dices” букв. “раскинуть кости” |
predict | gashn- | v | LOS, probably from Valarin “akašân” = “he (Eru) says”; compare with NL “goshn”, “gaz”, “gazd”, “kazh”; compare with Sindarin “can” (to cry out, shout, call), “-gon” (either “command” or “revered”) in PN “Turgon”, “Firgon”, all from Etym. “KAN” (dare) and early Primitive Elvish root “KAN” (cry aloud, command, lead, rule) | just make a meaningful sounds, say a word or more, but it's not necessary if other person answered, if speaker heard it, if speaker take the answer into consideration, etc.; with prefix “bhû-” means “predict”; with prefix ”kru-” means “answer”, “reply”; with prefix “ri-” means “interrupt”; with prefix “thu-” means “command”, “order”; do not mix with “ghâsh-” (to burn) |
proclaimer | omog | n | lit. “mouth”; compare with “Mouth of Sauron” | |
promise | fad | n | NL < Quenya “vanda” (oath, pledge, solemn promise) | |
promise | fad- | v | NL < Quenya “vanda” (oath, pledge, solemn promise) | promise to smb. - use with object Dative case |
prompt | gît- | v | NL < Quenya “hiuta”, Old Noldorin “gyûta” < Etym. (AC) “ÑIW” (wink, hint); also Gnomish “nautha” (to hint) < Primitive Elvish root “NAVA” | to somebody – use with Dative case |
propose | thrâh- | v | NL “thrag-” (bring) < TK “thrak-” (bring, hale, drag by force) | with prefix “thu-” transforms into “thuthrâh-” (to insist); target person should be marked with dative case |
quarrel | shugb- | v | HG < SV “shúmjâb” (lit. “a lot of talk”) | speak with both sides actively participating; enforcing prefix “thu-” is required for clarifying meanings “debate”, “dispute”, “argue”, “quarrel”; other participant is marked with comitative case; topic is used together with preposition “gus” (about) and noun in accusative |
question | markh- | v | NL, merging question particle “mar” with “khul-” (to demand, request) (see corresponding articles) with obsolete Quenya “maquet” < “quet” (to say, speak, tell) | |
read | honb- | v | NL < Quenya “cenwa” (reading), “cenda” (to read) < Etym. “KHEN”, “KEN”; see also “hon-”, “hond-”, “hont-”, “kin-” | |
recommend | thrâh- | v | NL “thrag-” (bring) < TK “thrak-” (bring, hale, drag by force) | with prefix “thu-” transforms into “thuthrâh-” (to insist); target person should be marked with dative case |
refuse | narbh- | v | NL, merging BS “nar” with Etym. “AB”, “ABAR” (refuse, deny); compare with “Avari” (elves who refused to go to Aman) | object person should be in dative case |
register | dharb- | v | NL, “oth” + “zarb-” (in analogy with Latin) > “odharb-” > “dharb-”; see “oth”, “zarb-” | |
remark | khish | n | NL < Quenya “eques” (saying, dictum, quotation, statement) < “equë” (to say) merged with Valarin “akašân” = “he (Eru) says”; compare with “gashn-”, “kazh-” | |
reply | gashn- | v | LOS, probably from Valarin “akašân” = “he (Eru) says”; compare with NL “goshn”, “gaz”, “gazd”, “kazh”; compare with Sindarin “can” (to cry out, shout, call), “-gon” (either “command” or “revered”) in PN “Turgon”, “Firgon”, all from Etym. “KAN” (dare) and early Primitive Elvish root “KAN” (cry aloud, command, lead, rule) | just make a meaningful sounds, say a word or more, but it's not necessary if other person answered, if speaker heard it, if speaker take the answer into consideration, etc.; with prefix “bhû-” means “predict”; with prefix ”kru-” means “answer”, “reply”; with prefix “ri-” means “interrupt”; with prefix “thu-” means “command”, “order”; do not mix with “ghâsh-” (to burn) |
report | gauth- | v | NL, merging Sindarin “gweth” (report) with ZA “gaur” (answer); compare with DS “gin” (news, report) < ? Etym. “GWEN” (fresh), Eldarin “win”; Quenya “vinya”? | |
report | ghînt | n | NL < merging Quenya “quenta” < Etym. “KWET” (to say) with LOS “gashn-” (to speak, cf.); see also “ghîsh” | |
report | ghînt- | v | NL < merging Quenya “quenta” < Etym. “KWET” (to say) with LOS “gashn-” (to speak, cf.) | direct object — about what/whom to report; indirect object — whom to report |
report | nabh | n | NL < Qenya “navillo” (hint, whisper, rumour, suspicion) < Primitive Elvish Root “NAVA” | |
reputation | nabh | n | NL < Qenya “navillo” (hint, whisper, rumour, suspicion) < Primitive Elvish Root “NAVA” | |
request | has- | v | LOS, probably from Quenya “cesta” (to seek, search for, ask) or Qenya “iqista” (“request”, “please”, n) < Etym. “IQI” | |
request | khûl- | v | NL < HG “khul-” (to question, ask); changed to avoid ambiguity with suffixes “-ul” and “-ulg” | add prefix “thu-” to clarify meaning “demand” |
response | gauthurm | n | NL, see “gauth-” | |
retell | gashn- | v | LOS, probably from Valarin “akašân” = “he (Eru) says”; compare with NL “goshn”, “gaz”, “gazd”, “kazh”; compare with Sindarin “can” (to cry out, shout, call), “-gon” (either “command” or “revered”) in PN “Turgon”, “Firgon”, all from Etym. “KAN” (dare) and early Primitive Elvish root “KAN” (cry aloud, command, lead, rule) | just make a meaningful sounds, say a word or more, but it's not necessary if other person answered, if speaker heard it, if speaker take the answer into consideration, etc.; with prefix “bhû-” means “predict”; with prefix ”kru-” means “answer”, “reply”; with prefix “ri-” means “interrupt”; with prefix “thu-” means “command”, “order”; do not mix with “ghâsh-” (to burn) |
roast | yad- | v | NL < Neo-Sindarin “iaeda-” < Etym. “YAY” | |
rough | hazt | adj | MERP; probably from Icelandic “harðdrægur” | metaphorically, about character, speech |
rumor | nabh | n | NL < Qenya “navillo” (hint, whisper, rumour, suspicion) < Primitive Elvish Root “NAVA” | |
rumour | nabh | n | NL < Qenya “navillo” (hint, whisper, rumour, suspicion) < Primitive Elvish Root “NAVA” | |
rune | gort | n | NL < Quenya “certa”, Sindarin “Certh”; compare with “Cirth”, “Angerthas” | |
rustle | shlûsh- | v | NL < Etym. “SLUS” (whisper); compare with Quenya “lussa”, Noldorin “floss”, “thross” | onomatopoeic word |
saga | shûmg | n | NL < SV “shúmjâb” (literally “a lot of talk”); compare with “shugb-” | |
say | gashn- | v | LOS, probably from Valarin “akašân” = “he (Eru) says”; compare with NL “goshn”, “gaz”, “gazd”, “kazh”; compare with Sindarin “can” (to cry out, shout, call), “-gon” (either “command” or “revered”) in PN “Turgon”, “Firgon”, all from Etym. “KAN” (dare) and early Primitive Elvish root “KAN” (cry aloud, command, lead, rule) | just make a meaningful sounds, say a word or more, but it's not necessary if other person answered, if speaker heard it, if speaker take the answer into consideration, etc.; with prefix “bhû-” means “predict”; with prefix ”kru-” means “answer”, “reply”; with prefix “ri-” means “interrupt”; with prefix “thu-” means “command”, “order”; do not mix with “ghâsh-” (to burn) |
say | kazh- | v | ZB < Valarin “akašân” = “he (Eru) says” | |
say “no” | narbh- | v | NL, merging BS “nar” with Etym. “AB”, “ABAR” (refuse, deny); compare with “Avari” (elves who refused to go to Aman) | object person should be in dative case |
scoff | yad- | v | NL < Neo-Sindarin “iaeda-” < Etym. “YAY” | |
scorn | yad- | v | NL < Neo-Sindarin “iaeda-” < Etym. “YAY” | |
scorn | yau | n | NL < Noldorin “iaew” < Etym. “YAY” | uncountable |
scream | shaik | n | HG (scream) < LOS “shîk” | high-pitched sound |
scream | shîk | n | LOS (scream, n) | high-pitched sound |
scream | shîk- | v | LOS (to scream) | make some high-pitched sound |
seduce | prakh- | v | all major dialects < LL (to lure); other meanings were added in SV | |
sending | mont | n | NL < Quenya “menta” (message) < “menta” (to send) | something sent verbally or in written form |
shout | goshn- | v | NL < LOS “gashn-” (to say) < Valarin “akašân” = “he (Eru) says” and Sindarin “can” (to cry out, shout call), “-gon” (either “command” or “revered”) in PN “Turgon”, “Firgon”, all from Etym. “KAN” (dare) and early Primitive Elvish root “KAN” (cry aloud, command, lead, rule) | |
shriek | shaik | n | HG (scream) < LOS “shîk” | high-pitched sound |
shriek | shîk | n | LOS (scream, n) | high-pitched sound |
shriek | shîk- | v | LOS (to scream) | make some high-pitched sound |
sign | tan | n | NL < Quenya “tanna” | |
sing | lash- | v | LOS (LUG), HG < SV “aklash” (music) | |
snitch | ghînt- | v | NL < merging Quenya “quenta” < Etym. “KWET” (to say) with LOS “gashn-” (to speak, cf.) | direct object — about what/whom to report; indirect object — whom to report |
song | laush | n | NL < HG (music, song) < SV “aklash” (music), “jâbklash” (song); compare with “lash-” (to sing) | |
speak | gashn- | v | LOS, probably from Valarin “akašân” = “he (Eru) says”; compare with NL “goshn”, “gaz”, “gazd”, “kazh”; compare with Sindarin “can” (to cry out, shout, call), “-gon” (either “command” or “revered”) in PN “Turgon”, “Firgon”, all from Etym. “KAN” (dare) and early Primitive Elvish root “KAN” (cry aloud, command, lead, rule) | just make a meaningful sounds, say a word or more, but it's not necessary if other person answered, if speaker heard it, if speaker take the answer into consideration, etc.; with prefix “bhû-” means “predict”; with prefix ”kru-” means “answer”, “reply”; with prefix “ri-” means “interrupt”; with prefix “thu-” means “command”, “order”; do not mix with “ghâsh-” (to burn) |
speech | lâm | n | LOS < Quenya “lamba” (physical tongue) < Etym. “LAB” (lick); Quenya “lambë” (language, speech), Noldorin “glamb”, “glamm” (shouting noise; barbarous, orc speech) < Etym. “ÑGALAM” (talk loud) | |
squeal | shaik | n | HG (scream) < LOS “shîk” | high-pitched sound |
squeal | shîk | n | LOS (scream, n) | high-pitched sound |
squeal | shîk- | v | LOS (to scream) | make some high-pitched sound |
stamp | drab- | v | Noldorin “dravo” (to hew) < Etym. “DARÁM” (to beat, hew); compare with “drag”, “dramp-”, “drang” | to make an inscription or image by removing material with hewing tools |
statement | khish | n | NL < Quenya “eques” (saying, dictum, quotation, statement) < “equë” (to say) merged with Valarin “akašân” = “he (Eru) says”; compare with “gashn-”, “kazh-” | |
story | ghînt | n | NL < merging Quenya “quenta” < Etym. “KWET” (to say) with LOS “gashn-” (to speak, cf.); see also “ghîsh” | |
story | shûmg | n | NL < SV “shúmjâb” (literally “a lot of talk”); compare with “shugb-” | |
suggest | thrâh- | v | NL “thrag-” (bring) < TK “thrak-” (bring, hale, drag by force) | with prefix “thu-” transforms into “thuthrâh-” (to insist); target person should be marked with dative case |
suppose | ton- | v | NL < LOS “tonprakh” < SV (to suppose, presume) < LL “prakh” (to lure) | |
swear | gazd- | v | NL, combination of HG “gadhl” (to promise) < SV (but no source word given) with Noldorin “gwaedh”, “gwest” (oath, bond, troth) < Etym. “WED” (bind); compare with “gaz” (mouth) and “gashn-” (say) | more obligatory promise, usually invoking some divine being or spirit, or by leaving a mortgage. E.g. “Gazd turkûrz sha!” (Swear on precious!); if the oath is given to somebody, receiver should be marked with Dative case |
sweet-speaking | glizg | n | NL < Gnomish “glisc” (fond of sweets; fond of saying sweet or flattering things, suave, flattering); compare with Quenya “lissë” and Sindarin “laich” both meaning “sweet” | uncountable |
symbol | tan | n | NL < Quenya “tanna” | |
tale | shûmg | n | NL < SV “shúmjâb” (literally “a lot of talk”); compare with “shugb-” | |
talk | shugb- | v | HG < SV “shúmjâb” (lit. “a lot of talk”) | speak with both sides actively participating; enforcing prefix “thu-” is required for clarifying meanings “debate”, “dispute”, “argue”, “quarrel”; other participant is marked with comitative case; topic is used together with preposition “gus” (about) and noun in accusative |
tell | gashn- | v | LOS, probably from Valarin “akašân” = “he (Eru) says”; compare with NL “goshn”, “gaz”, “gazd”, “kazh”; compare with Sindarin “can” (to cry out, shout, call), “-gon” (either “command” or “revered”) in PN “Turgon”, “Firgon”, all from Etym. “KAN” (dare) and early Primitive Elvish root “KAN” (cry aloud, command, lead, rule) | just make a meaningful sounds, say a word or more, but it's not necessary if other person answered, if speaker heard it, if speaker take the answer into consideration, etc.; with prefix “bhû-” means “predict”; with prefix ”kru-” means “answer”, “reply”; with prefix “ri-” means “interrupt”; with prefix “thu-” means “command”, “order”; do not mix with “ghâsh-” (to burn) |
thank | kamsh- | v | NL < SV “kamush” (thanks) | with object in accusative case, but “say thanks to” with dative case |
token | tan | n | NL < Quenya “tanna” | |
tongue | lâm | n | LOS < Quenya “lamba” (physical tongue) < Etym. “LAB” (lick); Quenya “lambë” (language, speech), Noldorin “glamb”, “glamm” (shouting noise; barbarous, orc speech) < Etym. “ÑGALAM” (talk loud) | |
translate | dronz- | v | HG | |
treaty | gîzd | n | NL < “gazd-” (swear), Noldorin “gowest” (contract, lit. “swear together”) < Primitive Elvish “wedtā” < Etym. “WED” (bind) | |
trick | prakh- | v | all major dialects < LL (to lure); other meanings were added in SV | |
untruth | lân | n | NL < early Noldorin “orvlann” (without deceit) < “bland” (lie) | uncountable |
utterance | khish | n | NL < Quenya “eques” (saying, dictum, quotation, statement) < “equë” (to say) merged with Valarin “akašân” = “he (Eru) says”; compare with “gashn-”, “kazh-” | |
voice | mog | n | TK, AO, LR; abandoned translation of PN “Gothmog” as “Master's voice”; see “omog” | |
voice | omog | n | NL, merging rejected TK BS “mog” with Quenya “óma” < Etym. “OM” to avoid confusion with other two meanings of “mog” | |
vow | gazd- | v | NL, combination of HG “gadhl” (to promise) < SV (but no source word given) with Noldorin “gwaedh”, “gwest” (oath, bond, troth) < Etym. “WED” (bind); compare with “gaz” (mouth) and “gashn-” (say) | more obligatory promise, usually invoking some divine being or spirit, or by leaving a mortgage. E.g. “Gazd turkûrz sha!” (Swear on precious!); if the oath is given to somebody, receiver should be marked with Dative case |
wail (over, about) | nîth- | v | NL < Gnomish “naitha” (to lament, weep, wail for, make moan for) < Primitive Elvish “NAY” (lament), “NYEHE” (weep), “NYE(NE)” (bleat) from which Vala's name “Nienna” was initally explained; see also Gnomish “nurna” (to bewail, lament, complain of) < Primitive Elvish “NURU” (growl, grumble); see also Primitive Elvish roots “ŊAHYA”, “NAẎA” (to grieve, hurt) | coincidental resemblance to Russian “ныть” [nɨtʲ] |
warn | razg- | v | NL < Quenya “raxë” (danger) | |
warrant | fad- | v | NL < Quenya “vanda” (oath, pledge, solemn promise) | promise to smb. - use with object Dative case |
whine | shaik | n | HG (scream) < LOS “shîk” | high-pitched sound |
whine | shîk | n | LOS (scream, n) | high-pitched sound |
whine | shîk- | v | LOS (to scream) | make some high-pitched sound |
whisper | shlûsh- | v | NL < Etym. “SLUS” (whisper); compare with Quenya “lussa”, Noldorin “floss”, “thross” | onomatopoeic word |
wink | gît- | v | NL < Quenya “hiuta”, Old Noldorin “gyûta” < Etym. (AC) “ÑIW” (wink, hint); also Gnomish “nautha” (to hint) < Primitive Elvish root “NAVA” | to somebody – use with Dative case |
witness | ghînt | n | NL < merging Quenya “quenta” < Etym. “KWET” (to say) with LOS “gashn-” (to speak, cf.); see also “ghîsh” | |
witness (against smb.) | ghînt- | v | NL < merging Quenya “quenta” < Etym. “KWET” (to say) with LOS “gashn-” (to speak, cf.) | direct object — about what/whom to report; indirect object — whom to report |
word | ghîsh | n | NL, merging Quenya “quetta” and Gnomish “cweth” < Etym. “KWET” (to say) with LOS “gashn-” (to speak) | |
write | zarb- | v | NL < Khuzdul “ZRB” | |
yammer | nîth- | v | NL < Gnomish “naitha” (to lament, weep, wail for, make moan for) < Primitive Elvish “NAY” (lament), “NYEHE” (weep), “NYE(NE)” (bleat) from which Vala's name “Nienna” was initally explained; see also Gnomish “nurna” (to bewail, lament, complain of) < Primitive Elvish “NURU” (growl, grumble); see also Primitive Elvish roots “ŊAHYA”, “NAẎA” (to grieve, hurt) | coincidental resemblance to Russian “ныть” [nɨtʲ] |
yammer | shîk- | v | LOS (to scream) | make some high-pitched sound |
yell | shaik | n | HG (scream) < LOS “shîk” | high-pitched sound |
yell | shîk | n | LOS (scream, n) | high-pitched sound |
yell | shîk- | v | LOS (to scream) | make some high-pitched sound |
yelp | shaik | n | HG (scream) < LOS “shîk” | high-pitched sound |
yelp | shîk | n | LOS (scream, n) | high-pitched sound |
yelp | shîk- | v | LOS (to scream) | make some high-pitched sound |
yep | akh | expr | LOS | literally means “agree”, used as equivalent of English affirmative response “yes” букв. “согласен” |
yes | akh | expr | LOS | literally means “agree”, used as equivalent of English affirmative response “yes” букв. “согласен” |