This page will contain list of words related to private property, possession of objects and their transferring to other persons including trade and barter. These words may be similar to hand actions.
English | Nûrlâm | Part of speech | Etymology | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|
(hidden) cache | shkalamb | n | NL, lit. “hiding chamber”; see “shkal-”, “amb” | |
abandon | hôgh- | v | NL < Quenya “hehta”, Telerin “hecta” < root “HEK” (aside, apart, separate); compare with “hîg-” | |
abandon | rang- | v | DS | |
accept | bhûl- | v | LOS | more about thoughts than material objects |
acquire | nânt- | v | LOS (LUG); compare with Quenya “nan-” (back again) | get from somebody; not for translating expression “have got” |
acquire | snab- | v | NL < DS PO “snaba-” < Gnomish “nab-” (to take, lay hold of), “nabos” (seizure) | get with some effort; not for translating expression “have got” |
action | bild | n | NL < rejected Qenya “vilde” (matter, business, affair, thing) < early Primitive Elvish root “VḶÐḶ” (worth, value); also distantly connected with “bal” (might) | mostly plural “affairs”, “actions”, etc. |
activity | bild | n | NL < rejected Qenya “vilde” (matter, business, affair, thing) < early Primitive Elvish root “VḶÐḶ” (worth, value); also distantly connected with “bal” (might) | mostly plural “affairs”, “actions”, etc. |
affair | bild | n | NL < rejected Qenya “vilde” (matter, business, affair, thing) < early Primitive Elvish root “VḶÐḶ” (worth, value); also distantly connected with “bal” (might) | mostly plural “affairs”, “actions”, etc. |
alignment | tingurm | n | NL, see “ting” | uncountable |
array | homb | n | NL < Neo-Quenya “cómë” (computer file, document) < roots “KOM” (to gather, collect), “KOMO” (ball, roll); compare with NL “hog-” (to meet, gather) < Etym. “KHOTH” (to gather); compare with Sindarin “mae govannen” (well met) < “cova” (to come together, meet, gather, assemble); compare with Quenya “comya” (to collect), “ócom” (to gather, assemble) | |
article | barg | n | NL < Noldorin “bach”, Gnomish “bagri” < Primitive Elvish “mbakhā” < Etym. “MBAKH” (to exchange); compare with ZA “bakh” of same origin | a thing for trade or exchange |
attain | snab- | v | NL < DS PO “snaba-” < Gnomish “nab-” (to take, lay hold of), “nabos” (seizure) | get with some effort; not for translating expression “have got” |
ban | bhaud- | v | NL, merging Sindarin “boda” < Etym. “AB”, ”ABA” (refuse) with NL “bhau” (terrible) and NL “dabh” (allow) written reversed < Etym. “DAB” | |
bargain | kurb- | v | NL, merging LOS “quûr-” (to trade), “quûrub” (trade) with Qenya “qapa” (swap, barter, chaffer, bargain), “qapta” (to exchange) | |
barter | kurb- | v | NL, merging LOS “quûr-” (to trade), “quûrub” (trade) with Qenya “qapa” (swap, barter, chaffer, bargain), “qapta” (to exchange) | |
be deprived (of) | bûf- | v | NL < MB, LOS “brûf”, SV & HG “buf” | |
bear (smth.) | throg- | v | NL, merging TK “thrak-” (to bring, drag), NL “thrag-” (to bring, carry), Qenya “toqo-” (to yield, give, bring forth, bear) (mostly about childbirth and harvest), to connect with NL “throk” (food) < SV “throkh-” (to eat) | may refer to childbirth and harvest; indirect object in Dative case в т.ч. приносить урожай, потомство |
being | kûl | n | HG | |
belong | aud- | v | NL < Quenya “aura” (possession, thing owned) < “auda” < root “AW” | use with object in Dative case; cannot be passive |
belonging | thaud | n | NL, merging “aud-” and “than” (see articles) | uncountable |
bestow | throg- | v | NL, merging TK “thrak-” (to bring, drag), NL “thrag-” (to bring, carry), Qenya “toqo-” (to yield, give, bring forth, bear) (mostly about childbirth and harvest), to connect with NL “throk” (food) < SV “throkh-” (to eat) | may refer to childbirth and harvest; indirect object in Dative case в т.ч. приносить урожай, потомство |
bet (on) | fadr- | v | NL < Quenya “vanda” (oath, pledge, solemn promise) | |
bijouterie | nîd | n | NL < Quenya “netil” | cheap jewelry, little thing of personal adornment |
bill | homb | n | NL < Neo-Quenya “cómë” (computer file, document) < roots “KOM” (to gather, collect), “KOMO” (ball, roll); compare with NL “hog-” (to meet, gather) < Etym. “KHOTH” (to gather); compare with Sindarin “mae govannen” (well met) < “cova” (to come together, meet, gather, assemble); compare with Quenya “comya” (to collect), “ócom” (to gather, assemble) | |
bind | krimp- | v | TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; ? Quenya “remba” (to net, entrap) | |
booty | raun | n | NL < Qenya “rauna”, “rambe”, stem “RAVA”; compare with LOS “rant” (robber); NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “prauk-” | uncountable |
borrow | zaugd | n | NL, merging LOS, HG “zaug” (debt) < SV (all 3 dialects have homonyms) with rejected Quenya “rohta”, “luhta” (debt, trespass) | |
boss | mâgz | n | NL < Vanyarin Quenya “Máhani” (eight greatest of Valar) < Valarin “mâchanumâz” (authorities); compare with Qenya “makte” (hold, grip, power, possession) < Primitive Elvish “MAHA” (grasp), “MAGH” (handle, manage, control); compare with “mauh” (warrior) and “mak” (many) | |
bounty | raun | n | NL < Qenya “rauna”, “rambe”, stem “RAVA”; compare with LOS “rant” (robber); NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “prauk-” | uncountable |
bring (by force) | thrak- | v | TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; Etym. “TUK-” (bring, draw); Hurrian “thar-ik-” (to demand someone to send something) | |
business | bild | n | NL < rejected Qenya “vilde” (matter, business, affair, thing) < early Primitive Elvish root “VḶÐḶ” (worth, value); also distantly connected with “bal” (might) | mostly plural “affairs”, “actions”, etc. |
buy | tûz- | v | SV | |
cage | daur | n | HG | |
capture | dik- | v | LOS | |
cast | af- | v | LOS | |
cast-off | hôghûrz | adj | NL, adj. from “hôgh-” | |
catalog | homb | n | NL < Neo-Quenya “cómë” (computer file, document) < roots “KOM” (to gather, collect), “KOMO” (ball, roll); compare with NL “hog-” (to meet, gather) < Etym. “KHOTH” (to gather); compare with Sindarin “mae govannen” (well met) < “cova” (to come together, meet, gather, assemble); compare with Quenya “comya” (to collect), “ócom” (to gather, assemble) | |
catalogue | homb | n | NL < Neo-Quenya “cómë” (computer file, document) < roots “KOM” (to gather, collect), “KOMO” (ball, roll); compare with NL “hog-” (to meet, gather) < Etym. “KHOTH” (to gather); compare with Sindarin “mae govannen” (well met) < “cova” (to come together, meet, gather, assemble); compare with Quenya “comya” (to collect), “ócom” (to gather, assemble) | |
chaffer | kurb- | v | NL, merging LOS “quûr-” (to trade), “quûrub” (trade) with Qenya “qapa” (swap, barter, chaffer, bargain), “qapta” (to exchange) | |
chief | mâgz | n | NL < Vanyarin Quenya “Máhani” (eight greatest of Valar) < Valarin “mâchanumâz” (authorities); compare with Qenya “makte” (hold, grip, power, possession) < Primitive Elvish “MAHA” (grasp), “MAGH” (handle, manage, control); compare with “mauh” (warrior) and “mak” (many) | |
coin | draug | n | LOS | |
comply | bûrt- | v | NL, merging Noldorin “buia” < Etym. “BEW” (follow, serve) with Qenya “virt” (servant, slave) < Primitive Elvish root “VṚTYṚ” and with SV “obâsh-” | requires object in Dative case |
conquer | paik- | v | NL < Qenya “apaika”, “apaira”, “apaitya” (conquer-) < QL stem “PAÝA” (punish, take vengeance, conquer, subdue) | |
conquer | thudurb- | v | NL, lit. “over-rule”, calque from Noldorin “ortur” | |
constrain | durb- | v | TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; ? Quenya “tur” (to control, govern, wield) < Etym. “TUR” (power, control, mastery, victory) | |
constraining | durburm | n | NL, see “durb-” | uncountable |
control | durb- | v | TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; ? Quenya “tur” (to control, govern, wield) < Etym. “TUR” (power, control, mastery, victory) | |
control | durburm | n | NL, see “durb-” | uncountable |
control | gazg- | v | NL < MERP “gazog-” | mostly about weapon or tool, implies the subject do it skillfully |
cost | brâgh | n | HG (only “price”); compare with Neo-Sindarin “bauch” < early Noldorin “bog” | |
country | uzg | n | EL, all major DBS dialects | country, land as ownership |
deadwood (slang) | hôghûrz | adj | NL, adj. from “hôgh-” | |
debt | zaugd | n | NL, merging LOS, HG “zaug” (debt) < SV (all 3 dialects have homonyms) with rejected Quenya “rohta”, “luhta” (debt, trespass) | |
defeat | faik- | v | NL < Qenya “vaqie” (victory), “vaqa” (vanquish) | |
deficit | pon | n | NL < Sindarin, Quenya “pen” (to not have) | uncountable, set noun |
delay | unudh- | v | LOS (only “detain”) < HG | to prevent action temporarily |
delete | shosh- | v | NL < SV “shoshog-” < MERP (to raze) | |
deprive | bhalt- | v | NL < Gnomish “balt-” (to rid, free) | take away object from another person |
desert | rang- | v | DS | |
detain | unudh- | v | LOS (only “detain”) < HG | to prevent action temporarily |
dingbats | nîd | n | NL < Quenya “netil” | cheap jewelry, little thing of personal adornment |
discard | hôgh- | v | NL < Quenya “hehta”, Telerin “hecta” < root “HEK” (aside, apart, separate); compare with “hîg-” | |
discover | gimb- | v | TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; ? Quenya “hir-”; ? Quenya “tuv-”; ? Hurrian “ki(b)-” (take, gather) | |
dominate | durb- | v | TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; ? Quenya “tur” (to control, govern, wield) < Etym. “TUR” (power, control, mastery, victory) | |
domination | durburm | n | NL, see “durb-” | uncountable |
doodad | nîd | n | NL < Quenya “netil” | cheap jewelry, little thing of personal adornment |
drag | thrak- | v | TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; Etym. “TUK-” (bring, draw); Hurrian “thar-ik-” (to demand someone to send something) | |
drop | gumb- | v | HG < SV | |
earn | gamb- | v | NL < Gnomish “gama”, “gamma”, “gamba” (to gain, profit, increase, to be profitable, bring in revenue) | get paid for work, get reward |
emperor | durbal | n | NL < EL “durub” < TK “durbat” (to rule); Qenya “tára”, “táro”, Noldorin “taur”, “tor-”, “-dor” < Etym. “T”, “TAƷ” (high, loft, noble) + Etym. “TUR” (power, control, mastery) | high-king of all people, supreme leader |
encroach | rogd- | v | NL < Quenya “rohta” | object describing the location should be in Allative case |
endow | throg- | v | NL, merging TK “thrak-” (to bring, drag), NL “thrag-” (to bring, carry), Qenya “toqo-” (to yield, give, bring forth, bear) (mostly about childbirth and harvest), to connect with NL “throk” (food) < SV “throkh-” (to eat) | may refer to childbirth and harvest; indirect object in Dative case в т.ч. приносить урожай, потомство |
enslave | norg- | v | NL < Qenya “norka” (slave, thrall, servant) < Primitive Elvish “norokā́” merged with LOS “nork-” (to take) | |
enthrall | norg- | v | NL < Qenya “norka” (slave, thrall, servant) < Primitive Elvish “norokā́” merged with LOS “nork-” (to take) | |
erase | shosh- | v | NL < SV “shoshog-” < MERP (to raze) | |
exchange | kurb- | v | NL, merging LOS “quûr-” (to trade), “quûrub” (trade) with Qenya “qapa” (swap, barter, chaffer, bargain), “qapta” (to exchange) | |
exploit | mogr- | v | NL < TK “mog” (tyrant, oppressor) < PN “Gothmog” < Etym. “MBAW” | |
fetch | brash- | v | SV (ZF) | get without active actions; not for translating expression “have got”, “it's getting …” |
file | homb | n | NL < Neo-Quenya “cómë” (computer file, document) < roots “KOM” (to gather, collect), “KOMO” (ball, roll); compare with NL “hog-” (to meet, gather) < Etym. “KHOTH” (to gather); compare with Sindarin “mae govannen” (well met) < “cova” (to come together, meet, gather, assemble); compare with Quenya “comya” (to collect), “ócom” (to gather, assemble) | |
find | gimb- | v | TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; ? Quenya “hir-”; ? Quenya “tuv-”; ? Hurrian “ki(b)-” (take, gather) | |
flotsam and jetsam | hôghûrz | adj | NL, adj. from “hôgh-” | |
forbid | bhaud- | v | NL, merging Sindarin “boda” < Etym. “AB”, ”ABA” (refuse) with NL “bhau” (terrible) and NL “dabh” (allow) written reversed < Etym. “DAB” | |
force | durb- | v | TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; ? Quenya “tur” (to control, govern, wield) < Etym. “TUR” (power, control, mastery, victory) | |
forfeit | bûf- | v | NL < MB, LOS “brûf”, SV & HG “buf” | |
forsake | rang- | v | DS | |
free | slig- | v | NL < DS “silig-” (to let, release, loose), probably from Etym. “LEK” (loose, let loose, release) | |
gadget | nîd | n | NL < Quenya “netil” | cheap jewelry, little thing of personal adornment |
gain | brash- | v | SV (ZF) | get without active actions; not for translating expression “have got”, “it's getting …” |
gain | gamb- | v | NL < Gnomish “gama”, “gamma”, “gamba” (to gain, profit, increase, to be profitable, bring in revenue) | get paid for work, get reward |
get | brash- | v | SV (ZF) | get without active actions; not for translating expression “have got”, “it's getting …” |
get | nânt- | v | LOS (LUG); compare with Quenya “nan-” (back again) | get from somebody; not for translating expression “have got” |
get | snab- | v | NL < DS PO “snaba-” < Gnomish “nab-” (to take, lay hold of), “nabos” (seizure) | get with some effort; not for translating expression “have got” |
get rid of | shosh- | v | NL < SV “shoshog-” < MERP (to raze) | |
gift | thrân | n | NL, merging “thrak-”, “throg-” with Quenya “anna”, Sindarin “ann”, “anw” (gift) as in names “Yavanna”, “Annatar” | |
give | throg- | v | NL, merging TK “thrak-” (to bring, drag), NL “thrag-” (to bring, carry), Qenya “toqo-” (to yield, give, bring forth, bear) (mostly about childbirth and harvest), to connect with NL “throk” (food) < SV “throkh-” (to eat) | may refer to childbirth and harvest; indirect object in Dative case в т.ч. приносить урожай, потомство |
gizmo | nîd | n | NL < Quenya “netil” | cheap jewelry, little thing of personal adornment |
go shopping | tûz- | v | SV | |
goods | barg | n | NL < Noldorin “bach”, Gnomish “bagri” < Primitive Elvish “mbakhā” < Etym. “MBAKH” (to exchange); compare with ZA “bakh” of same origin | a thing for trade or exchange |
government | durburm | n | NL, see “durb-” | uncountable |
grab | rop- | v | NL < all major dialects “rok-” (seize, grasp, grip) < MERP melted with Primitive Elvish “RAPH” (seize, grab, snatch) to avoid confusion with HG “rok” < SV “rock” (rag) and get rid of possible Albanian cognate “rrokje”; resemblance with English “to rob” is accidental or through Primitive Elvish | |
grant | throg- | v | NL, merging TK “thrak-” (to bring, drag), NL “thrag-” (to bring, carry), Qenya “toqo-” (to yield, give, bring forth, bear) (mostly about childbirth and harvest), to connect with NL “throk” (food) < SV “throkh-” (to eat) | may refer to childbirth and harvest; indirect object in Dative case в т.ч. приносить урожай, потомство |
grasp | rop- | v | NL < all major dialects “rok-” (seize, grasp, grip) < MERP melted with Primitive Elvish “RAPH” (seize, grab, snatch) to avoid confusion with HG “rok” < SV “rock” (rag) and get rid of possible Albanian cognate “rrokje”; resemblance with English “to rob” is accidental or through Primitive Elvish | |
grip | rop- | v | NL < all major dialects “rok-” (seize, grasp, grip) < MERP melted with Primitive Elvish “RAPH” (seize, grab, snatch) to avoid confusion with HG “rok” < SV “rock” (rag) and get rid of possible Albanian cognate “rrokje”; resemblance with English “to rob” is accidental or through Primitive Elvish | |
grudge | rark- | v | NL, merging DS (SOW) “rakh” (save) < Neo-Quenya “rehta” < Primitive Elvish root “REK” with Qenya “rara” (scrape, peel) | |
guard | tud- | v | DS (to watch) < Westron “tud”, “tudnas”, “tunnas” (watch, guard) | |
hale | thrak- | v | TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; Etym. “TUK-” (bring, draw); Hurrian “thar-ik-” (to demand someone to send something) | |
handle | gazg- | v | NL < MERP “gazog-” | mostly about weapon or tool, implies the subject do it skillfully |
have (got) | brus- | v | LOS | used less often than in English and closer to literal meaning or expression “have got” |
have victory over | faik- | v | NL < Qenya “vaqie” (victory), “vaqa” (vanquish) | |
hinder | unudh- | v | LOS (only “detain”) < HG | to prevent action temporarily |
hoard | folk- | v | LOS (7N), probably from Qenya “foa” (hoard, treasure), “foalóke” (hoard dragon) | |
hold | fîth- | v | LOS | also military term |
hold | unr- | v | LOS, HG; compare with Gnomish “unc” (handle, ear of a jar) | only literally — in hand |
home | mokh | n | LOS < HG | uncountable |
homeland | mokh | n | LOS < HG | uncountable |
hurl | af- | v | LOS | |
indue | throg- | v | NL, merging TK “thrak-” (to bring, drag), NL “thrag-” (to bring, carry), Qenya “toqo-” (to yield, give, bring forth, bear) (mostly about childbirth and harvest), to connect with NL “throk” (food) < SV “throkh-” (to eat) | may refer to childbirth and harvest; indirect object in Dative case в т.ч. приносить урожай, потомство |
infringe | rogd- | v | NL < Quenya “rohta” | object describing the location should be in Allative case |
intrude | rogd- | v | NL < Quenya “rohta” | object describing the location should be in Allative case |
intrude | shûkh- | v | NL, merging “(i)shi” (in, into) with “ukh-” (to go) in analogy with Latin word | to move troops in; to enter a territory without allowance or invitation; use with objects in Illative or Allative case |
invade | shûkh- | v | NL, merging “(i)shi” (in, into) with “ukh-” (to go) in analogy with Latin word | to move troops in; to enter a territory without allowance or invitation; use with objects in Illative or Allative case |
inventory | folkhomb | n | NL, lit. “stock list”; see “folk-”, “homb” | uncountable |
junk | hôghûrz | adj | NL, adj. from “hôgh-” | |
keep | fîth- | v | LOS | also military term |
king | arn | n | NL < various elvish “aran”, “âr” as in PN “Aragorn” < Etym. “GHAR”, “GAR” (hold, have, possess) | king of region |
king | durbal | n | NL < EL “durub” < TK “durbat” (to rule); Qenya “tára”, “táro”, Noldorin “taur”, “tor-”, “-dor” < Etym. “T”, “TAƷ” (high, loft, noble) + Etym. “TUR” (power, control, mastery) | high-king of all people, supreme leader |
kingdom | arnuzg | n | NL, lit. “king's land”; see “arn”, “uzg” | |
lack | pon | n | NL < Sindarin, Quenya “pen” (to not have) | uncountable, set noun |
land | uzg | n | EL, all major DBS dialects | country, land as ownership |
lay hold of | snab- | v | NL < DS PO “snaba-” < Gnomish “nab-” (to take, lay hold of), “nabos” (seizure) | get with some effort; not for translating expression “have got” |
leave | rang- | v | DS | |
levy | mârbh- | v | LOS < HG | заставлять платить налог, дань, подать, штраф |
list | homb | n | NL < Neo-Quenya “cómë” (computer file, document) < roots “KOM” (to gather, collect), “KOMO” (ball, roll); compare with NL “hog-” (to meet, gather) < Etym. “KHOTH” (to gather); compare with Sindarin “mae govannen” (well met) < “cova” (to come together, meet, gather, assemble); compare with Quenya “comya” (to collect), “ócom” (to gather, assemble) | |
loose | slig- | v | NL < DS “silig-” (to let, release, loose), probably from Etym. “LEK” (loose, let loose, release) | |
loot | raun | n | NL < Qenya “rauna”, “rambe”, stem “RAVA”; compare with LOS “rant” (robber); NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “prauk-” | uncountable |
lord | goth | n | TK, AO, DBS, LR; abandoned translation of PN “Gothmog” as “Master's voice”, “goth” from PN “Morgoth” but in Orcish it was translated as “Dark Lord”, not as “Black Enemy” in Sindarin | epithetic name of Morgoth and probably also of Sauron later |
lord | mâgz | n | NL < Vanyarin Quenya “Máhani” (eight greatest of Valar) < Valarin “mâchanumâz” (authorities); compare with Qenya “makte” (hold, grip, power, possession) < Primitive Elvish “MAHA” (grasp), “MAGH” (handle, manage, control); compare with “mauh” (warrior) and “mak” (many) | |
lose | bûf- | v | NL < MB, LOS “brûf”, SV & HG “buf” | |
lose | gumb- | v | HG < SV | |
lot | barg | n | NL < Noldorin “bach”, Gnomish “bagri” < Primitive Elvish “mbakhā” < Etym. “MBAKH” (to exchange); compare with ZA “bakh” of same origin | a thing for trade or exchange |
lot (land property) | lazd | n | NL < Neo-Quenya “latsë” < Qenya “larma” < Etym. “LAT” (lie open) | |
make gift | throg- | v | NL, merging TK “thrak-” (to bring, drag), NL “thrag-” (to bring, carry), Qenya “toqo-” (to yield, give, bring forth, bear) (mostly about childbirth and harvest), to connect with NL “throk” (food) < SV “throkh-” (to eat) | may refer to childbirth and harvest; indirect object in Dative case в т.ч. приносить урожай, потомство |
master | goth | n | TK, AO, DBS, LR; abandoned translation of PN “Gothmog” as “Master's voice”, “goth” from PN “Morgoth” but in Orcish it was translated as “Dark Lord”, not as “Black Enemy” in Sindarin | epithetic name of Morgoth and probably also of Sauron later |
master | mâgz | n | NL < Vanyarin Quenya “Máhani” (eight greatest of Valar) < Valarin “mâchanumâz” (authorities); compare with Qenya “makte” (hold, grip, power, possession) < Primitive Elvish “MAHA” (grasp), “MAGH” (handle, manage, control); compare with “mauh” (warrior) and “mak” (many) | |
merch | barg | n | NL < Noldorin “bach”, Gnomish “bagri” < Primitive Elvish “mbakhā” < Etym. “MBAKH” (to exchange); compare with ZA “bakh” of same origin | a thing for trade or exchange |
merchandise | barg | n | NL < Noldorin “bach”, Gnomish “bagri” < Primitive Elvish “mbakhā” < Etym. “MBAKH” (to exchange); compare with ZA “bakh” of same origin | a thing for trade or exchange |
money | draug | n | LOS | |
motherland | mokh | n | LOS < HG | uncountable |
obey | bûrt- | v | NL, merging Noldorin “buia” < Etym. “BEW” (follow, serve) with Qenya “virt” (servant, slave) < Primitive Elvish root “VṚTYṚ” and with SV “obâsh-” | requires object in Dative case |
object | kûl | n | HG | |
obligation | zaugd | n | NL, merging LOS, HG “zaug” (debt) < SV (all 3 dialects have homonyms) with rejected Quenya “rohta”, “luhta” (debt, trespass) | |
obliterate | shosh- | v | NL < SV “shoshog-” < MERP (to raze) | |
obtain | brash- | v | SV (ZF) | get without active actions; not for translating expression “have got”, “it's getting …” |
occupy | shûkh- | v | NL, merging “(i)shi” (in, into) with “ukh-” (to go) in analogy with Latin word | to move troops in; to enter a territory without allowance or invitation; use with objects in Illative or Allative case |
operation | bild | n | NL < rejected Qenya “vilde” (matter, business, affair, thing) < early Primitive Elvish root “VḶÐḶ” (worth, value); also distantly connected with “bal” (might) | mostly plural “affairs”, “actions”, etc. |
oppress | mogr- | v | NL < TK “mog” (tyrant, oppressor) < PN “Gothmog” < Etym. “MBAW” | |
organization | mogshrinkhurm | n | NL, see “mogsh”, “srinkh-” | |
overcome | faik- | v | NL < Qenya “vaqie” (victory), “vaqa” (vanquish) | |
overthrow | faik- | v | NL < Qenya “vaqie” (victory), “vaqa” (vanquish) | |
overwhelm | faik- | v | NL < Qenya “vaqie” (victory), “vaqa” (vanquish) | |
owing | zaugd | n | NL, merging LOS, HG “zaug” (debt) < SV (all 3 dialects have homonyms) with rejected Quenya “rohta”, “luhta” (debt, trespass) | |
own | tabz- | v | LOS < SV “tabza” (adj. “own”), literally “his-this” | unlike English “to own” do not necessary mark concepts of private property or inalienable possession for adjective/pronoun “own” use “îmob” (lit. “of self”) instead |
pay | bhag- | v | NL < DS “bag-” < Etym. “MBAKH”, “MBAƷ” (AC), Primitive Elvish root “VAKA” | “pay for” – with Accusative, “pay to” – with Dative case |
pay | draug | n | LOS | |
payment | draug | n | LOS | |
pillage | prauk- | v | NL < SV “plauk” < probably Albanian “plaçkit” or debased English words; NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “raun-” | take other's property by force |
plot (of land) | lazd | n | NL < Neo-Quenya “latsë” < Qenya “larma” < Etym. “LAT” (lie open) | |
plunder | prauk- | v | NL < SV “plauk” < probably Albanian “plaçkit” or debased English words; NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “raun-” | take other's property by force |
plunder | raun | n | NL < Qenya “rauna”, “rambe”, stem “RAVA”; compare with LOS “rant” (robber); NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “prauk-” | uncountable |
poor | orz | adj | NL < Qenya “oika”, “oiswa”; coincidental resemblance with LOS “orsk-” (to steal) | about lack of money or any property |
possess | tabz- | v | LOS < SV “tabza” (adj. “own”), literally “his-this” | unlike English “to own” do not necessary mark concepts of private property or inalienable possession for adjective/pronoun “own” use “îmob” (lit. “of self”) instead |
possession | thaud | n | NL, merging “aud-” and “than” (see articles) | uncountable |
present | thrân | n | NL, merging “thrak-”, “throg-” with Quenya “anna”, Sindarin “ann”, “anw” (gift) as in names “Yavanna”, “Annatar” | |
price | brâgh | n | HG (only “price”); compare with Neo-Sindarin “bauch” < early Noldorin “bog” | |
profit | raun | n | NL < Qenya “rauna”, “rambe”, stem “RAVA”; compare with LOS “rant” (robber); NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “prauk-” | uncountable |
prohibit | bhaud- | v | NL, merging Sindarin “boda” < Etym. “AB”, ”ABA” (refuse) with NL “bhau” (terrible) and NL “dabh” (allow) written reversed < Etym. “DAB” | |
property | thaud | n | NL, merging “aud-” and “than” (see articles) | uncountable |
purchase | tûz- | v | SV | |
put money (on) | fadr- | v | NL < Quenya “vanda” (oath, pledge, solemn promise) | |
quell | pûgsh- | v | NL, merging Primitive Elvish stem “PAÝA” (requite, punish, take vengeance, conquer, subdue) with SV, MERP “pushtog-” | |
racket | mârbh- | v | LOS < HG | заставлять платить налог, дань, подать, штраф |
ranking | tingurm | n | NL, see “ting” | uncountable |
ransom | raun | n | NL < Qenya “rauna”, “rambe”, stem “RAVA”; compare with LOS “rant” (robber); NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “prauk-” | uncountable |
raze | shosh- | v | NL < SV “shoshog-” < MERP (to raze) | |
receive | nânt- | v | LOS (LUG); compare with Quenya “nan-” (back again) | get from somebody; not for translating expression “have got” |
register | homb | n | NL < Neo-Quenya “cómë” (computer file, document) < roots “KOM” (to gather, collect), “KOMO” (ball, roll); compare with NL “hog-” (to meet, gather) < Etym. “KHOTH” (to gather); compare with Sindarin “mae govannen” (well met) < “cova” (to come together, meet, gather, assemble); compare with Quenya “comya” (to collect), “ócom” (to gather, assemble) | |
reject | hôgh- | v | NL < Quenya “hehta”, Telerin “hecta” < root “HEK” (aside, apart, separate); compare with “hîg-” | |
release | slig- | v | NL < DS “silig-” (to let, release, loose), probably from Etym. “LEK” (loose, let loose, release) | |
remove | shosh- | v | NL < SV “shoshog-” < MERP (to raze) | |
repress | mogr- | v | NL < TK “mog” (tyrant, oppressor) < PN “Gothmog” < Etym. “MBAW” | |
restrain | unudh- | v | LOS (only “detain”) < HG | to prevent action temporarily |
retain | unudh- | v | LOS (only “detain”) < HG | to prevent action temporarily |
retard | unudh- | v | LOS (only “detain”) < HG | to prevent action temporarily |
retrieve | brash- | v | SV (ZF) | get without active actions; not for translating expression “have got”, “it's getting …” |
reward | raun | n | NL < Qenya “rauna”, “rambe”, stem “RAVA”; compare with LOS “rant” (robber); NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “prauk-” | uncountable |
rich | abz | adj | NL, melting LOS “tabz-” (to own, possess) < SV with early Noldorin “awes” (reach) and MERP “pasun” (reach, wealthy) < Albanian “pasur” | |
rid | bhalt- | v | NL < Gnomish “balt-” (to rid, free) | take away object from another person |
rid | slig- | v | NL < DS “silig-” (to let, release, loose), probably from Etym. “LEK” (loose, let loose, release) | |
right (legal) | forsh | n | NL, merging “forg” (right side) with Gnomish “fath”, “foth” (possession, property, rights) | used with objects in Adessive case (right on) or gerundives (right to) |
rights | forsh | n | NL, merging “forg” (right side) with Gnomish “fath”, “foth” (possession, property, rights) | used with objects in Adessive case (right on) or gerundives (right to) |
roll | homb | n | NL < Neo-Quenya “cómë” (computer file, document) < roots “KOM” (to gather, collect), “KOMO” (ball, roll); compare with NL “hog-” (to meet, gather) < Etym. “KHOTH” (to gather); compare with Sindarin “mae govannen” (well met) < “cova” (to come together, meet, gather, assemble); compare with Quenya “comya” (to collect), “ócom” (to gather, assemble) | |
roster | homb | n | NL < Neo-Quenya “cómë” (computer file, document) < roots “KOM” (to gather, collect), “KOMO” (ball, roll); compare with NL “hog-” (to meet, gather) < Etym. “KHOTH” (to gather); compare with Sindarin “mae govannen” (well met) < “cova” (to come together, meet, gather, assemble); compare with Quenya “comya” (to collect), “ócom” (to gather, assemble) | |
rule | durb- | v | TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; ? Quenya “tur” (to control, govern, wield) < Etym. “TUR” (power, control, mastery, victory) | |
ruler | durbal | n | NL < EL “durub” < TK “durbat” (to rule); Qenya “tára”, “táro”, Noldorin “taur”, “tor-”, “-dor” < Etym. “T”, “TAƷ” (high, loft, noble) + Etym. “TUR” (power, control, mastery) | high-king of all people, supreme leader |
sack | prauk- | v | NL < SV “plauk” < probably Albanian “plaçkit” or debased English words; NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “raun-” | take other's property by force |
save (money) | rark- | v | NL, merging DS (SOW) “rakh” (save) < Neo-Quenya “rehta” < Primitive Elvish root “REK” with Qenya “rara” (scrape, peel) | |
scant | rark- | v | NL, merging DS (SOW) “rakh” (save) < Neo-Quenya “rehta” < Primitive Elvish root “REK” with Qenya “rara” (scrape, peel) | |
scrape | rark- | v | NL, merging DS (SOW) “rakh” (save) < Neo-Quenya “rehta” < Primitive Elvish root “REK” with Qenya “rara” (scrape, peel) | |
scrimp | rark- | v | NL, merging DS (SOW) “rakh” (save) < Neo-Quenya “rehta” < Primitive Elvish root “REK” with Qenya “rara” (scrape, peel) | |
seek out | gimb- | v | TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; ? Quenya “hir-”; ? Quenya “tuv-”; ? Hurrian “ki(b)-” (take, gather) | |
seize | rop- | v | NL < all major dialects “rok-” (seize, grasp, grip) < MERP melted with Primitive Elvish “RAPH” (seize, grab, snatch) to avoid confusion with HG “rok” < SV “rock” (rag) and get rid of possible Albanian cognate “rrokje”; resemblance with English “to rob” is accidental or through Primitive Elvish | |
seize | snab- | v | NL < DS PO “snaba-” < Gnomish “nab-” (to take, lay hold of), “nabos” (seizure) | get with some effort; not for translating expression “have got” |
sell | draug- | v | LOS, see “draug” (n) | |
servant | snaga | n | TK, DBS, WJ, PN, a name of many orcs; ? Etym. “SNAR” (tie); ? Noldorin “mâgâ” < Etym. “SMAG” (soil, stain) | may refer to orcs of breed lesser than uruk, or to lowest rank in orcish hierarchy |
serve | bûrt- | v | NL, merging Noldorin “buia” < Etym. “BEW” (follow, serve) with Qenya “virt” (servant, slave) < Primitive Elvish root “VṚTYṚ” and with SV “obâsh-” | requires object in Dative case |
shortage | pon | n | NL < Sindarin, Quenya “pen” (to not have) | uncountable, set noun |
skimp | rark- | v | NL, merging DS (SOW) “rakh” (save) < Neo-Quenya “rehta” < Primitive Elvish root “REK” with Qenya “rara” (scrape, peel) | |
slave | snaga | n | TK, DBS, WJ, PN, a name of many orcs; ? Etym. “SNAR” (tie); ? Noldorin “mâgâ” < Etym. “SMAG” (soil, stain) | may refer to orcs of breed lesser than uruk, or to lowest rank in orcish hierarchy |
spare | rark- | v | NL, merging DS (SOW) “rakh” (save) < Neo-Quenya “rehta” < Primitive Elvish root “REK” with Qenya “rara” (scrape, peel) | |
spoil | raun | n | NL < Qenya “rauna”, “rambe”, stem “RAVA”; compare with LOS “rant” (robber); NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “prauk-” | uncountable |
stash | shkalamb | n | NL, lit. “hiding chamber”; see “shkal-”, “amb” | |
steal | orsk- | v | LOS | |
stint | rark- | v | NL, merging DS (SOW) “rakh” (save) < Neo-Quenya “rehta” < Primitive Elvish root “REK” with Qenya “rara” (scrape, peel) | |
stock | folk- | v | LOS (7N), probably from Qenya “foa” (hoard, treasure), “foalóke” (hoard dragon) | |
store | folk- | v | LOS (7N), probably from Qenya “foa” (hoard, treasure), “foalóke” (hoard dragon) | |
subdue | pûgsh- | v | NL, merging Primitive Elvish stem “PAÝA” (requite, punish, take vengeance, conquer, subdue) with SV, MERP “pushtog-” | |
subjugate | norg- | v | NL < Qenya “norka” (slave, thrall, servant) < Primitive Elvish “norokā́” merged with LOS “nork-” (to take) | |
subjugate | pûgsh- | v | NL, merging Primitive Elvish stem “PAÝA” (requite, punish, take vengeance, conquer, subdue) with SV, MERP “pushtog-” | |
swag | raun | n | NL < Qenya “rauna”, “rambe”, stem “RAVA”; compare with LOS “rant” (robber); NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “prauk-” | uncountable |
system | mogshrinkhurm | n | NL, see “mogsh”, “srinkh-” | |
take | nork- | v | LOS | |
take | snab- | v | NL < DS PO “snaba-” < Gnomish “nab-” (to take, lay hold of), “nabos” (seizure) | get with some effort; not for translating expression “have got” |
take away | bhalt- | v | NL < Gnomish “balt-” (to rid, free) | take away object from another person |
tame | pûgsh- | v | NL, merging Primitive Elvish stem “PAÝA” (requite, punish, take vengeance, conquer, subdue) with SV, MERP “pushtog-” | |
thing | bild | n | NL < rejected Qenya “vilde” (matter, business, affair, thing) < early Primitive Elvish root “VḶÐḶ” (worth, value); also distantly connected with “bal” (might) | mostly plural “affairs”, “actions”, etc. |
thing | kûl | n | HG | |
thrall | snaga | n | TK, DBS, WJ, PN, a name of many orcs; ? Etym. “SNAR” (tie); ? Noldorin “mâgâ” < Etym. “SMAG” (soil, stain) | may refer to orcs of breed lesser than uruk, or to lowest rank in orcish hierarchy |
throw | af- | v | LOS | |
throw (away) | hôgh- | v | NL < Quenya “hehta”, Telerin “hecta” < root “HEK” (aside, apart, separate); compare with “hîg-” | |
throw-out | hôghûrz | adj | NL, adj. from “hôgh-” | |
tie | krimp- | v | TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; ? Quenya “remba” (to net, entrap) | |
toss | af- | v | LOS | |
trade | draug- | v | LOS, see “draug” (n) | |
trade | kurb- | v | NL, merging LOS “quûr-” (to trade), “quûrub” (trade) with Qenya “qapa” (swap, barter, chaffer, bargain), “qapta” (to exchange) | |
trade | tûz- | v | SV | |
treasure | mirn | n | NL, merging Quenya “maina”, Sindarin “maen” (treasure) with Quenya “mírë”, Sindarin “mîr” (jewel, precious thing, treasure) | |
trespass | rogd- | v | NL < Quenya “rohta” | object describing the location should be in Allative case |
tribute | throg- | v | NL, merging TK “thrak-” (to bring, drag), NL “thrag-” (to bring, carry), Qenya “toqo-” (to yield, give, bring forth, bear) (mostly about childbirth and harvest), to connect with NL “throk” (food) < SV “throkh-” (to eat) | may refer to childbirth and harvest; indirect object in Dative case в т.ч. приносить урожай, потомство |
tribute | thrân | n | NL, merging “thrak-”, “throg-” with Quenya “anna”, Sindarin “ann”, “anw” (gift) as in names “Yavanna”, “Annatar” | |
trinket | nîd | n | NL < Quenya “netil” | cheap jewelry, little thing of personal adornment |
trophy | raun | n | NL < Qenya “rauna”, “rambe”, stem “RAVA”; compare with LOS “rant” (robber); NL suggests fictional proto-word “praunk-” to make connection with “prauk-” | uncountable |
unnecessary | hôghûrz | adj | NL, adj. from “hôgh-” | |
use | gazg- | v | NL < MERP “gazog-” | mostly about weapon or tool, implies the subject do it skillfully |
vanquish | faik- | v | NL < Qenya “vaqie” (victory), “vaqa” (vanquish) | |
violate | rogd- | v | NL < Quenya “rohta” | object describing the location should be in Allative case |
wager | fadr- | v | NL < Quenya “vanda” (oath, pledge, solemn promise) | |
want | pon | n | NL < Sindarin, Quenya “pen” (to not have) | uncountable, set noun |
ward | tud- | v | DS (to watch) < Westron “tud”, “tudnas”, “tunnas” (watch, guard) | |
ware | barg | n | NL < Noldorin “bach”, Gnomish “bagri” < Primitive Elvish “mbakhā” < Etym. “MBAKH” (to exchange); compare with ZA “bakh” of same origin | a thing for trade or exchange |
watch (over) | tud- | v | DS (to watch) < Westron “tud”, “tudnas”, “tunnas” (watch, guard) | |
wealthy | abz | adj | NL, melting LOS “tabz-” (to own, possess) < SV with early Noldorin “awes” (reach) and MERP “pasun” (reach, wealthy) < Albanian “pasur” | |
widget | nîd | n | NL < Quenya “netil” | cheap jewelry, little thing of personal adornment |
wield | gazg- | v | NL < MERP “gazog-” | mostly about weapon or tool, implies the subject do it skillfully |
win | faik- | v | NL < Qenya “vaqie” (victory), “vaqa” (vanquish) | |
wipe out | shosh- | v | NL < SV “shoshog-” < MERP (to raze) | |
withdraw | bhalt- | v | NL < Gnomish “balt-” (to rid, free) | take away object from another person |
yield | bûrt- | v | NL, merging Noldorin “buia” < Etym. “BEW” (follow, serve) with Qenya “virt” (servant, slave) < Primitive Elvish root “VṚTYṚ” and with SV “obâsh-” | requires object in Dative case |
yield | throg- | v | NL, merging TK “thrak-” (to bring, drag), NL “thrag-” (to bring, carry), Qenya “toqo-” (to yield, give, bring forth, bear) (mostly about childbirth and harvest), to connect with NL “throk” (food) < SV “throkh-” (to eat) | may refer to childbirth and harvest; indirect object in Dative case в т.ч. приносить урожай, потомство |