This page will contain list of words related to thinking and emotions. For personal qualities and abstract traits of character see category Quality, for sensory perception see category Senses. Words related to speech and verbal expression of thoughts are listed in category Speech.
English | Nûrlâm | Part of speech | Etymology | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|
(prospective aspect suffix) | uth | adv | NL < Gnomish “mu”, “mutha” (will, I am going to, I am about to) + LOS “gûth” (almost, nearly) | usually have a tone of intention; see also verb “pant-” |
abandon | hôgh- | v | NL < Quenya “hehta”, Telerin “hecta” < root “HEK” (aside, apart, separate); compare with “hîg-” | |
abhor | dolb- | v | NL < Noldorin “delb” (horrible, abominable, loathsome), “delw” (hateful, deadly, fell) < Etym. “DYEL” (feel fear and disgust, abhor) as in early “Dor Deadhelos” (Land of the Shadow of Abomination) | strong disgust |
abide | bronb- | v | NL < Noldorin “brenia” (to endure), “bronwe” (endurance) < Etym. “BOR”, “BORON” | |
accept | bhûl- | v | LOS | more about thoughts than material objects |
accuse | slog- | v | NL < LOS “sloi-” (to accuse); changed according to Nûrlâm rules | |
act | okt- | v | NL, merging “ok” with Primitive Elvish “okma” (an evil deed), Qenya “ohta-karo” (act of war); resemblance to English “act” is accidental or through Tolkien’s pun in QL | |
actual | kog | adj | NL < ZA “kog-” (to speak, tell truth) | |
actually | kogarz | adv | see “kog” | |
admire | ilm- | v | NL < Gnomish “elm(en)” (wonder, marvel, n.) | usually passive with object in Instrumental case |
afraid | uglaga | pastp | see “ugl-” | object of fear should be in Instrumental case, however in colloquial speech it may be in Genitive, as in English |
agree | akh- | v | LOS | with somebody – use Comitative case |
altar | gorthin | n | NL, lit. “worship-place”, cognate with Gnomish “gorthin” (fane, temple) | place of worship, place for sacrifice |
anger | uruth | n | NL < Sindarin “oroth”, “rûth”, Quenya “ursa” | |
annoy | fizg- | v | NL < Gnomish “fesca” | |
argue | bugb- | v | LOS, HG < SV “bugjab-” (lit. “against say”) | use with objects in Comitative or Accusative case |
arouse | yor- | v | NL < Noldorin “îr” (sexual desire) < Etym. “YER” (feel sexual desire) + Old Noldorin “or”, Noldorin “eria” (to rise) < Etym. “ORO” (up, rise, high); compare with EH “ghêr” with similar etymology; resemblance to Slavic root “yar” (bright, fiery, hot, fury, frenzy, passionate, very) is accidental; compare with “hûr” | mostly about sexual desire |
assume | ton- | v | NL < LOS “tonprakh” < SV (to suppose, presume) < LL “prakh” (to lure) | |
astute | tunkûrz | adj | NL < Qenya “tunke” (bright, smart, witty) | |
attaint | bagd- | v | NL, merging LOS, SV, HG “bâk” (n) < MB with TK “bag” (excrement), Gnomish “naud” (ashamed, abashed) < early Primitive Elvish root “NAWA” (dwarf) and Qenya “naitya” (to damage, abuse, put to shame) | add clitic reflexive pronoun “-îm” for meaning “be ashamed, cringe” |
attitude | okturm | n | NL, merging “ok” with Primitive Elvish “okma” (an evil deed), Qenya “ohta-karo” (act of war) | |
augur | falkh- | v | NL < SV “falk” (to toss a dice, bone) < MERP “flak” < Albanian (to throw, cast) | literally “toss the bones / dices” букв. “раскинуть кости” |
await | darb- | v | NL < Etym. “DAR” | |
awry | raik | adj | NL < Quenya “raika” (also “crooked, bent”), Noldorin “rhoeg” < Etym. “RÁYAK”, “RAG”; also Gnomish “raig” (awry, twisted, distorted, perverted, wrong) | systematically wrong; wrong by nature, behavior |
be about to | pant- | v | NL < Qenya “panya-” (to plan, arrange, intend, mean) + Quenya “tel-”, Sindarin “thel” (to intend); Gnomish “panta-” (to arrange, order, settle, set, put, place) | used together with other verb in infinitive; may be replaced with suffix of prospective aspect (-uth) or gerundive of dependent verb |
be about to | uth | adv | NL < Gnomish “mu”, “mutha” (will, I am going to, I am about to) + LOS “gûth” (almost, nearly) | usually have a tone of intention; see also verb “pant-” |
be blue | dimb- | v | NL < Ilkorin “dimb” (sad), “dim” (gloom) < Etym. “DEM” | |
be curious | kizg- | v | NL < Quenya “cesya” (to cause interest, to cause one to enquire) < “ces” (to search, examine) | to want to know; use with object in instrumental case |
be glad | glaz- | v | NL, see “glaz” (adj.) | usually intransitive, clarify meaning “to delight” with object in Dative case instead of Accusative |
be going to | pant- | v | NL < Qenya “panya-” (to plan, arrange, intend, mean) + Quenya “tel-”, Sindarin “thel” (to intend); Gnomish “panta-” (to arrange, order, settle, set, put, place) | used together with other verb in infinitive; may be replaced with suffix of prospective aspect (-uth) or gerundive of dependent verb |
be going to | uth | adv | NL < Gnomish “mu”, “mutha” (will, I am going to, I am about to) + LOS “gûth” (almost, nearly) | usually have a tone of intention; see also verb “pant-” |
be interested (in) | kizg- | v | NL < Quenya “cesya” (to cause interest, to cause one to enquire) < “ces” (to search, examine) | to want to know; use with object in instrumental case |
be sad | dimb- | v | NL < Ilkorin “dimb” (sad), “dim” (gloom) < Etym. “DEM” | |
be up to | pant- | v | NL < Qenya “panya-” (to plan, arrange, intend, mean) + Quenya “tel-”, Sindarin “thel” (to intend); Gnomish “panta-” (to arrange, order, settle, set, put, place) | used together with other verb in infinitive; may be replaced with suffix of prospective aspect (-uth) or gerundive of dependent verb |
be wise | gol- | v | TK, AO, UT, PN “golug”; Etym. “ÑGOL” (wise), compare with “gûl” | means deeper, secret knowledge, wisdom |
bear (pain, trouble) | bronb- | v | NL < Noldorin “brenia” (to endure), “bronwe” (endurance) < Etym. “BOR”, “BORON” | |
before long | uth | adv | NL < Gnomish “mu”, “mutha” (will, I am going to, I am about to) + LOS “gûth” (almost, nearly) | usually have a tone of intention; see also verb “pant-” |
behave | okt- | v | NL, merging “ok” with Primitive Elvish “okma” (an evil deed), Qenya “ohta-karo” (act of war); resemblance to English “act” is accidental or through Tolkien’s pun in QL | |
behavior | okturm | n | NL, merging “ok” with Primitive Elvish “okma” (an evil deed), Qenya “ohta-karo” (act of war) | |
behaviour | okturm | n | NL, merging “ok” with Primitive Elvish “okma” (an evil deed), Qenya “ohta-karo” (act of war) | |
belief | samburm | n | NL, see “samb-” | uncountable |
believe | kân- | v | LOS < HG “kan-” | believe what the person says |
believe (in) | samb- | v | NL, merging Quenya “sav-” (to believe) < Primitive Elvish “SAB” with LOS “tum” < SV | believe in what person does, believe in idea |
bet (on) | fadr- | v | NL < Quenya “vanda” (oath, pledge, solemn promise) | |
betray | fûrth- | v | NL < LOS (LUG) “fûr-” + Noldorin “gwarth” (betrayer) < Etym. “WAR” (give way, yield, not endure, let down, betray) | |
bewail | brûg- | v | LOS (SN) (only “to lament”) | |
blame | slog- | v | NL < LOS “sloi-” (to accuse); changed according to Nûrlâm rules | |
bode | faltan | n | NL, merging “falg”, “falt” with “tan” (see corresponding articles); lit. “sign of fortune” | |
boring | frâd | adj | NL < LOS “frâtûrz” (tired, weary); changed according to Nûrlâm objectives and to make connection with Gnomish “fadrog” (tiresome) | |
bother | mudh- | v | NL < RN < LOS, HG “mudhn-” | |
brain | tunk | n | NL < Qenya “tunke” (bright, smart, witty) | |
bring up | ûrth- | v | NL < LOS “ûrt-” (to raise) < Quenya “orta” (to raise, rise, lift); changed to avoid cognates | take care of children |
calm (down) | bort- | v | NL < HG “borz” (n) | |
care | girkh- | v | NL < merging Gnomish “grith-” (to attend to, tend, care, care for), “hirtha-” (to care for, mind, tend; to care, reck, mind) with LOS “gakh” (to care) < HG | use with object in Dative case |
carouse | dafr- | v | LOS, HG < SV “dafar” < MERP; compare with Gnomish “dair” (play, merriment) < Etym. “TYAL” (play) | |
catastrophe | nîrth | n | NL, merging “nîth-” (complain), “nirz” (corrupted) (see corresponding articles) with Qenya “nyére” (grief), Gnomish “nîr” (compare with “Mornie”, a ship of the dead souls) < Etym. “NAY” (lament), Primitive Elvish roots “NAY” (cause bitter grief or pain), “ŊAHYA” (hurt, grieve), “NYEHE” (weep) | more like about some disastrous event; add abstract suffix “-urm” to clarify meaning of reaction to it |
celebrate | flûst- | v | LOS | to make party in honor of some person or event |
certain | durt | adj | LOS | |
certainly | durtarz | adv | see “durt” | |
certainly | rûzarz | adv | see “rûz” | |
cheat | fûrth- | v | NL < LOS (LUG) “fûr-” + Noldorin “gwarth” (betrayer) < Etym. “WAR” (give way, yield, not endure, let down, betray) | |
cheat | prakh- | v | all major dialects < LL (to lure); other meanings were added in SV | |
cheer | gomb- | v | NL < Qenya “yambo” (cheer, shout of triumph), Gnomish “gôm” (shout, call) < Primitive Elvish root “YAMA” | |
cherish | ûrth- | v | NL < LOS “ûrt-” (to raise) < Quenya “orta” (to raise, rise, lift); changed to avoid cognates | take care of children |
clever | tunkûrz | adj | NL < Qenya “tunke” (bright, smart, witty) | |
competition | mund | n | SV < MERP | скорее “игры” |
conceive | noth- | v | NL < Noldorin “nauth” (thought), “nautha-” (to conceive), Quenya “nause” (imagination) < Etym. “NOWO” | |
conception | nobh | n | NL < Noldorin “naw” (idea) < Etym. “NOWO” (to think, imagine) | |
conjecture | falkh- | v | NL < SV “falk” (to toss a dice, bone) < MERP “flak” < Albanian (to throw, cast) | literally “toss the bones / dices” букв. “раскинуть кости” |
connotate | idr- | v | NL < Etym. “ID” (heart, desire, wish); compare with Noldorin “idhren” (pondering, wise, thoughtful), “idher” (thoughtfulness) of same etymology | |
consider | ûst- | v | NL, merging LOS “ûs-” (to think) with Gnomish “sad” (to reck, care, value, esteem, show respect for, consider) | |
considering that | ûstug zamash | expr | NL, see “ûst-”, “zamash” | |
considering this | ûstug za | expr | NL, see “ûst-”, “za” | |
contemn | graid- | v | NL < Neo-Sindarin “agreitha” (to despise, contemn) < Gnomish “agrectha” < “craitho-” (to spit) < early roots “KEREK”, “KREK”, “KEREKE” | to openly, intentionally disobey a rule, law, person целенаправленно игнорировать правило, закон, команды; также “не повиноваться” |
contemn | poin- | v | NL < SV, HG “ponî-” < MERP (n.) (awe); compare with Etym. “SPAY”; compare with NL “pûth” (to spit) < Etym. “PIW” | less strong than “dolb-” |
contest | mund | n | SV < MERP | скорее “игры” |
contradict | bugb- | v | LOS, HG < SV “bugjab-” (lit. “against say”) | use with objects in Comitative or Accusative case |
correct | than | adj | NL < Sindarin “thand”, Noldorin “thenid”, Quenya “sanda” < Etym. “STAN” (firm, fix, decide, true, regular) | |
count (on) | samb- | v | NL, merging Quenya “sav-” (to believe) < Primitive Elvish “SAB” with LOS “tum” < SV | believe in what person does, believe in idea |
cradle | lûrzh- | v | NL, merging “lor-” (to sleep) with “lûzh-” (to swing); see corresponding articles | rock, swing to sleep smb. |
crazy | trîn | adj | LOS < SV | |
credo | samburm | n | NL, see “samb-” | uncountable |
creed | samburm | n | NL, see “samb-” | uncountable |
cry | blord- | v | LOS | cry with tears |
cunning | krip | n | NL < Qenya “karpale” (a plucking, tucking, wrenching, deceiving, tricking) < early Primitive Elvish root “KṚPṚ” (to pluck) | a deceiving move |
cunning | tunkûrz | adj | NL < Qenya “tunke” (bright, smart, witty) | |
curious | kizgûrz | adj | NL, see “kizg-” | |
danger | bai | n | all major DBS dialects < MB | |
danger | razg | n | NL < Quenya “raxë” | |
dare | hûr- | v | LOS < TK PN “Mauhûr”, Noldorin “hûr” (vigour, fiery spirit) < Etym. “KHOR” | |
daresay | ton- | v | NL < LOS “tonprakh” < SV (to suppose, presume) < LL “prakh” (to lure) | |
deal (with) | magd- | v | NL < Quenya “mahta”, Sindarin “maetha” (to handle, wield, deal with, treat) < Etym. “MAGH” (hand), “MAG” (to use, handle), Primitive Elvish root “MAH” (to handle, manage, control, wield); compare with NL “mâgz”, “maug-”, “mog”[3] | |
deceit | krip | n | NL < Qenya “karpale” (a plucking, tucking, wrenching, deceiving, tricking) < early Primitive Elvish root “KṚPṚ” (to pluck) | a deceiving move |
deceive | prakh- | v | all major dialects < LL (to lure); other meanings were added in SV | |
decide | prudh- | v | NL, merging Gnomish “pridu” < Primitive Elvish root “PṚTṚ” (to judge) with LOS “urdan-” < SV < MERP “urdân” (command, n), “urdanog-” (to command) < Albanian “urdhëroj” ? | |
defame | bagd- | v | NL, merging LOS, SV, HG “bâk” (n) < MB with TK “bag” (excrement), Gnomish “naud” (ashamed, abashed) < early Primitive Elvish root “NAWA” (dwarf) and Qenya “naitya” (to damage, abuse, put to shame) | add clitic reflexive pronoun “-îm” for meaning “be ashamed, cringe” |
defy | bugb- | v | LOS, HG < SV “bugjab-” (lit. “against say”) | use with objects in Comitative or Accusative case |
defy | graid- | v | NL < Neo-Sindarin “agreitha” (to despise, contemn) < Gnomish “agrectha” < “craitho-” (to spit) < early roots “KEREK”, “KREK”, “KEREKE” | to openly, intentionally disobey a rule, law, person целенаправленно игнорировать правило, закон, команды; также “не повиноваться” |
delight | glaz- | v | NL, see “glaz” (adj.) | usually intransitive, clarify meaning “to delight” with object in Dative case instead of Accusative |
demeanor | okturm | n | NL, merging “ok” with Primitive Elvish “okma” (an evil deed), Qenya “ohta-karo” (act of war) | |
desire | ghîr- | v | NL < LP “ghêr” < Noldorin “îr”, Quenya “írë”, “yére” | together with verb in infinitive, noun in dative or genitive case |
despair | narkh- | v | NL < merging TK “nar” (negative particle) + NL “khard-” (to hope) < Noldorin “hartha-” with Sindarin “naer”, Quenya “naira” (dreadful, unendurable) < Etym. “NAY” (lament), “NÁYAK” (pain) with Qenya “naira” (dire, grievous) < Primitive Elvish “ŊAHYA” | intansitive |
desperate | hîrd | adj | NL, merging Gnomish “uchirthol” (reckless, careless) with NL “khard-” (to hope); see also “narkh-” (to despair) | |
desperate | hûrz | adj | NL < TK PN “Mauhúr”; ? Noldorin “hûr” (vigour, fiery spirit) < Etym. “KHOR” | |
despise | graid- | v | NL < Neo-Sindarin “agreitha” (to despise, contemn) < Gnomish “agrectha” < “craitho-” (to spit) < early roots “KEREK”, “KREK”, “KEREKE” | to openly, intentionally disobey a rule, law, person целенаправленно игнорировать правило, закон, команды; также “не повиноваться” |
despise | poin- | v | NL < SV, HG “ponî-” < MERP (n.) (awe); compare with Etym. “SPAY”; compare with NL “pûth” (to spit) < Etym. “PIW” | less strong than “dolb-” |
detest | poin- | v | NL < SV, HG “ponî-” < MERP (n.) (awe); compare with Etym. “SPAY”; compare with NL “pûth” (to spit) < Etym. “PIW” | less strong than “dolb-” |
difficulty | traz | n | NL < Noldorin “trasta” (to harass, trouble), Old Noldorin “tarsa” (trouble, n.) | light inconvenience |
disagree | bugb- | v | LOS, HG < SV “bugjab-” (lit. “against say”) | use with objects in Comitative or Accusative case |
discard | hôgh- | v | NL < Quenya “hehta”, Telerin “hecta” < root “HEK” (aside, apart, separate); compare with “hîg-” | |
discredit | bagd- | v | NL, merging LOS, SV, HG “bâk” (n) < MB with TK “bag” (excrement), Gnomish “naud” (ashamed, abashed) < early Primitive Elvish root “NAWA” (dwarf) and Qenya “naitya” (to damage, abuse, put to shame) | add clitic reflexive pronoun “-îm” for meaning “be ashamed, cringe” |
disdain | poin- | v | NL < SV, HG “ponî-” < MERP (n.) (awe); compare with Etym. “SPAY”; compare with NL “pûth” (to spit) < Etym. “PIW” | less strong than “dolb-” |
disgrace | bagd- | v | NL, merging LOS, SV, HG “bâk” (n) < MB with TK “bag” (excrement), Gnomish “naud” (ashamed, abashed) < early Primitive Elvish root “NAWA” (dwarf) and Qenya “naitya” (to damage, abuse, put to shame) | add clitic reflexive pronoun “-îm” for meaning “be ashamed, cringe” |
dishonor | bagd- | v | NL, merging LOS, SV, HG “bâk” (n) < MB with TK “bag” (excrement), Gnomish “naud” (ashamed, abashed) < early Primitive Elvish root “NAWA” (dwarf) and Qenya “naitya” (to damage, abuse, put to shame) | add clitic reflexive pronoun “-îm” for meaning “be ashamed, cringe” |
dislike | poin- | v | NL < SV, HG “ponî-” < MERP (n.) (awe); compare with Etym. “SPAY”; compare with NL “pûth” (to spit) < Etym. “PIW” | less strong than “dolb-” |
disobey | graid- | v | NL < Neo-Sindarin “agreitha” (to despise, contemn) < Gnomish “agrectha” < “craitho-” (to spit) < early roots “KEREK”, “KREK”, “KEREKE” | to openly, intentionally disobey a rule, law, person целенаправленно игнорировать правило, закон, команды; также “не повиноваться” |
disregard | graid- | v | NL < Neo-Sindarin “agreitha” (to despise, contemn) < Gnomish “agrectha” < “craitho-” (to spit) < early roots “KEREK”, “KREK”, “KEREKE” | to openly, intentionally disobey a rule, law, person целенаправленно игнорировать правило, закон, команды; также “не повиноваться” |
distorted | raik | adj | NL < Quenya “raika” (also “crooked, bent”), Noldorin “rhoeg” < Etym. “RÁYAK”, “RAG”; also Gnomish “raig” (awry, twisted, distorted, perverted, wrong) | systematically wrong; wrong by nature, behavior |
distress | nîrth | n | NL, merging “nîth-” (complain), “nirz” (corrupted) (see corresponding articles) with Qenya “nyére” (grief), Gnomish “nîr” (compare with “Mornie”, a ship of the dead souls) < Etym. “NAY” (lament), Primitive Elvish roots “NAY” (cause bitter grief or pain), “ŊAHYA” (hurt, grieve), “NYEHE” (weep) | more like about some disastrous event; add abstract suffix “-urm” to clarify meaning of reaction to it |
disturb | mudh- | v | NL < RN < LOS, HG “mudhn-” | |
divine | falkh- | v | NL < SV “falk” (to toss a dice, bone) < MERP “flak” < Albanian (to throw, cast) | literally “toss the bones / dices” букв. “раскинуть кости” |
dogma | samburm | n | NL, see “samb-” | uncountable |
dolor | nîrth | n | NL, merging “nîth-” (complain), “nirz” (corrupted) (see corresponding articles) with Qenya “nyére” (grief), Gnomish “nîr” (compare with “Mornie”, a ship of the dead souls) < Etym. “NAY” (lament), Primitive Elvish roots “NAY” (cause bitter grief or pain), “ŊAHYA” (hurt, grieve), “NYEHE” (weep) | more like about some disastrous event; add abstract suffix “-urm” to clarify meaning of reaction to it |
doubt | hush | n | LOS < MB (opinion?) | uncountable |
dread | goth | adj | TK, AO, DBS, LOTR, Silm., PN “Gothmog”; Etym. “GOTH”, “GOS” (dread, terror); compare with PN “Osse”, “Mandos”; see also “gozd” | |
dread | ufur | n | NL < LOS “ufum”, “ufur-” (fear), also “uf-” (to frighten) < TK PN “Ufthak”; only noun in NL, see “furg-” for verb | fear of smth., not frighten smb. else; uncountable |
dreadful | goth | adj | TK, AO, DBS, LOTR, Silm., PN “Gothmog”; Etym. “GOTH”, “GOS” (dread, terror); compare with PN “Osse”, “Mandos”; see also “gozd” | |
dream | taur- | v | NL < Summoning “taurzur” (dreams, n) | dream about, not sleep |
dull | frâd | adj | NL < LOS “frâtûrz” (tired, weary); changed according to Nûrlâm objectives and to make connection with Gnomish “fadrog” (tiresome) | |
duty | bul | n | NL < DS (PO) “bulu” < Quenya “mólë” (n) < Etym. (AC) “(M)BOL”? | |
education | tailurm | n | LOS, SV < MB < Quenya “tyal-” | |
effort | rîthurm | n | NL, see “rîth-” | uncountable |
endeavour | rîthurm | n | NL, see “rîth-” | uncountable |
endure | bronb- | v | NL < Noldorin “brenia” (to endure), “bronwe” (endurance) < Etym. “BOR”, “BORON” | |
enigma | darn | n | NL, merging LOS “ândar” < MERP “ândartar” (adj.) with Sindarin “torn”, “thurin” (hidden, secret, adj.) | something unknown |
enjoy | glaz- | v | NL, see “glaz” (adj.) | usually intransitive, clarify meaning “to delight” with object in Dative case instead of Accusative |
enquire | hozd- | v | NL < Quenya “cesta” (to ask, seek), “ces” (to search, examine) | |
error | saug | n | NL < Summoning “szaug-” (v) < LOS “zaug” (debt, fault, blame) < SV | |
esteem | ûst- | v | NL, merging LOS “ûs-” (to think) with Gnomish “sad” (to reck, care, value, esteem, show respect for, consider) | |
exalt | yor- | v | NL < Noldorin “îr” (sexual desire) < Etym. “YER” (feel sexual desire) + Old Noldorin “or”, Noldorin “eria” (to rise) < Etym. “ORO” (up, rise, high); compare with EH “ghêr” with similar etymology; resemblance to Slavic root “yar” (bright, fiery, hot, fury, frenzy, passionate, very) is accidental; compare with “hûr” | mostly about sexual desire |
examine | hozd- | v | NL < Quenya “cesta” (to ask, seek), “ces” (to search, examine) | |
excite | yor- | v | NL < Noldorin “îr” (sexual desire) < Etym. “YER” (feel sexual desire) + Old Noldorin “or”, Noldorin “eria” (to rise) < Etym. “ORO” (up, rise, high); compare with EH “ghêr” with similar etymology; resemblance to Slavic root “yar” (bright, fiery, hot, fury, frenzy, passionate, very) is accidental; compare with “hûr” | mostly about sexual desire |
excuse | gont- | v | NL, merging LOS, HG “gotl” < SV with Sindarin “gohena” < root “SEN” (let loose, free, let go) | indirect object or recipient shall be in Dative case |
exercise | tailurm | n | LOS, SV < MB < Quenya “tyal-” | |
expect | darb- | v | NL < Etym. “DAR” | |
explain | rizûrb- | v | NL, lit. “to between-understand”, “to inter-understand”; see “ri”, “zûrb-” | |
exult | gomb- | v | NL < Qenya “yambo” (cheer, shout of triumph), Gnomish “gôm” (shout, call) < Primitive Elvish root “YAMA” | |
fact | kogurm | n | see “kog” | |
failure | saug | n | NL < Summoning “szaug-” (v) < LOS “zaug” (debt, fault, blame) < SV | |
fair | than | adj | NL < Sindarin “thand”, Noldorin “thenid”, Quenya “sanda” < Etym. “STAN” (firm, fix, decide, true, regular) | |
faith | samburm | n | NL, see “samb-” | uncountable |
fall (down) | lûmp- | v | LOS | also morally |
fault | saug | n | NL < Summoning “szaug-” (v) < LOS “zaug” (debt, fault, blame) < SV | |
fear | furg- | v | NL, merging Quenya “þorya” (to dread, feel fear) < root “THOS”, with Qenya “varka” (to bode, dread, fear) < Primitive Elvish root “VṚKṚ” and with LOS “ufur-”, also “uf-” (to frighten) < TK PN “Ufthak”; see also “uf-”, “ufur” | passive, fear of smth., not frighten smb. else |
fear | ufur | n | NL < LOS “ufum”, “ufur-” (fear), also “uf-” (to frighten) < TK PN “Ufthak”; only noun in NL, see “furg-” for verb | fear of smth., not frighten smb. else; uncountable |
feast | dafr- | v | LOS, HG < SV “dafar” < MERP; compare with Gnomish “dair” (play, merriment) < Etym. “TYAL” (play) | |
feel | gusn- | v | SV | usage: 1) with noun 2) with reflexive pronoun + adverb 3) may be replaced with impersonal clause with dative |
feel disgust | dolb- | v | NL < Noldorin “delb” (horrible, abominable, loathsome), “delw” (hateful, deadly, fell) < Etym. “DYEL” (feel fear and disgust, abhor) as in early “Dor Deadhelos” (Land of the Shadow of Abomination) | strong disgust |
feel sadness | dimb- | v | NL < Ilkorin “dimb” (sad), “dim” (gloom) < Etym. “DEM” | |
flattery | glizg | n | NL < Gnomish “glisc” (fond of sweets; fond of saying sweet or flattering things, suave, flattering); compare with Quenya “lissë” and Sindarin “laich” both meaning “sweet” | uncountable |
flout | graid- | v | NL < Neo-Sindarin “agreitha” (to despise, contemn) < Gnomish “agrectha” < “craitho-” (to spit) < early roots “KEREK”, “KREK”, “KEREKE” | to openly, intentionally disobey a rule, law, person целенаправленно игнорировать правило, закон, команды; также “не повиноваться” |
focus (circus) | krip | n | NL < Qenya “karpale” (a plucking, tucking, wrenching, deceiving, tricking) < early Primitive Elvish root “KṚPṚ” (to pluck) | a deceiving move |
fool | glob | n | TK, DBS, LOTR, OC, HOME 12 (PM) | |
fool | pah | n | HG | |
fool (smb. else) | prakh- | v | all major dialects < LL (to lure); other meanings were added in SV | |
for sure | durtarz | adv | see “durt” | |
for sure | rûzarz | adv | see “rûz” | |
forebode | falkh- | v | NL < SV “falk” (to toss a dice, bone) < MERP “flak” < Albanian (to throw, cast) | literally “toss the bones / dices” букв. “раскинуть кости” |
forecast | falkh- | v | NL < SV “falk” (to toss a dice, bone) < MERP “flak” < Albanian (to throw, cast) | literally “toss the bones / dices” букв. “раскинуть кости” |
foresight | drothakurm | n | NL, see “dro”, “thak” | divine intervention |
foretell | falkh- | v | NL < SV “falk” (to toss a dice, bone) < MERP “flak” < Albanian (to throw, cast) | literally “toss the bones / dices” букв. “раскинуть кости” |
forget | ribhol- | v | NL, see “ri”, “bhol-” | |
forgive | gont- | v | NL, merging LOS, HG “gotl” < SV with Sindarin “gohena” < root “SEN” (let loose, free, let go) | indirect object or recipient shall be in Dative case |
form idea | noth- | v | NL < Noldorin “nauth” (thought), “nautha-” (to conceive), Quenya “nause” (imagination) < Etym. “NOWO” | |
foster | ûrth- | v | NL < LOS “ûrt-” (to raise) < Quenya “orta” (to raise, rise, lift); changed to avoid cognates | take care of children |
frighten | ugl- | v | TK, DBS, LOTR, OC, PN “Uglúk”; ? Etym. “ÚLUG”, “ÚLGU” (horrible, hideous); ? Hurrian “ugil” (frighten); ? Etym. “UGU” (negative prefix) | translation is speculative |
frightened | uglaga | pastp | see “ugl-” | object of fear should be in Instrumental case, however in colloquial speech it may be in Genitive, as in English |
frown | lork- | v | NL < merging Gnomish “laur” (threatening), “lur” (to frown), “lurc” (frown, n.) < root “LURU” | about facial expression |
fuck-up | saug | n | NL < Summoning “szaug-” (v) < LOS “zaug” (debt, fault, blame) < SV | |
fun | glaz | adj | NL < Noldorin “glas”, early “gell” (joy), “gair” (merry), Sindarin “gelir” (merry) < Etym. “GALÁS” (joy, be glad) | |
funny | glaz | adj | NL < Noldorin “glas”, early “gell” (joy), “gair” (merry), Sindarin “gelir” (merry) < Etym. “GALÁS” (joy, be glad) | |
gambit | krip | n | NL < Qenya “karpale” (a plucking, tucking, wrenching, deceiving, tricking) < early Primitive Elvish root “KṚPṚ” (to pluck) | a deceiving move |
game(s) | mund | n | SV < MERP | скорее “игры” |
gay | glaz | adj | NL < Noldorin “glas”, early “gell” (joy), “gair” (merry), Sindarin “gelir” (merry) < Etym. “GALÁS” (joy, be glad) | |
gimmick | krip | n | NL < Qenya “karpale” (a plucking, tucking, wrenching, deceiving, tricking) < early Primitive Elvish root “KṚPṚ” (to pluck) | a deceiving move |
give clue | gît- | v | NL < Quenya “hiuta”, Old Noldorin “gyûta” < Etym. (AC) “ÑIW” (wink, hint); also Gnomish “nautha” (to hint) < Primitive Elvish root “NAVA” | to somebody – use with Dative case |
glad | glaz | adj | NL < Noldorin “glas”, early “gell” (joy), “gair” (merry), Sindarin “gelir” (merry) < Etym. “GALÁS” (joy, be glad) | |
goal | krauk | n | HG < MB (task) | |
greed for | ghîr- | v | NL < LP “ghêr” < Noldorin “îr”, Quenya “írë”, “yére” | together with verb in infinitive, noun in dative or genitive case |
grief | nîrth | n | NL, merging “nîth-” (complain), “nirz” (corrupted) (see corresponding articles) with Qenya “nyére” (grief), Gnomish “nîr” (compare with “Mornie”, a ship of the dead souls) < Etym. “NAY” (lament), Primitive Elvish roots “NAY” (cause bitter grief or pain), “ŊAHYA” (hurt, grieve), “NYEHE” (weep) | more like about some disastrous event; add abstract suffix “-urm” to clarify meaning of reaction to it |
grieve | brûg- | v | LOS (SN) (only “to lament”) | |
guess | ton- | v | NL < LOS “tonprakh” < SV (to suppose, presume) < LL “prakh” (to lure) | |
guilt | gob | n | NL < EH “gobu” < Qenya “káma” | uncountable |
habit | okturm | n | NL, merging “ok” with Primitive Elvish “okma” (an evil deed), Qenya “ohta-karo” (act of war) | |
hack | krip | n | NL < Qenya “karpale” (a plucking, tucking, wrenching, deceiving, tricking) < early Primitive Elvish root “KṚPṚ” (to pluck) | a deceiving move |
handle | magd- | v | NL < Quenya “mahta”, Sindarin “maetha” (to handle, wield, deal with, treat) < Etym. “MAGH” (hand), “MAG” (to use, handle), Primitive Elvish root “MAH” (to handle, manage, control, wield); compare with NL “mâgz”, “maug-”, “mog”[3] | |
happy | glaz | adj | NL < Noldorin “glas”, early “gell” (joy), “gair” (merry), Sindarin “gelir” (merry) < Etym. “GALÁS” (joy, be glad) | |
harsh | hazt | adj | MERP; probably from Icelandic “harðdrægur” | metaphorically, about character, speech |
hate | mok- | v | LOS < Qenya “moko” in Quenya PN “Kosomoko” (war-hate, strife-and-hatred) aka “Gothmog” | |
have faith (in) | samb- | v | NL, merging Quenya “sav-” (to believe) < Primitive Elvish “SAB” with LOS “tum” < SV | believe in what person does, believe in idea |
have mercy on | kask- | v | NL < SV (BA) “kaskût” (mercy, n) | use with object in accusative case |
hazard | razg | n | NL < Quenya “raxë” | |
hint | gît- | v | NL < Quenya “hiuta”, Old Noldorin “gyûta” < Etym. (AC) “ÑIW” (wink, hint); also Gnomish “nautha” (to hint) < Primitive Elvish root “NAVA” | to somebody – use with Dative case |
hope | khard- | v | NL < Noldorin “hartha-”, “harthad” (n), Gnomish (n) “hodhir”, “hôth” | |
hopeless | hîrd | adj | NL, merging Gnomish “uchirthol” (reckless, careless) with NL “khard-” (to hope); see also “narkh-” (to despair) | |
horror | ufur | n | NL < LOS “ufum”, “ufur-” (fear), also “uf-” (to frighten) < TK PN “Ufthak”; only noun in NL, see “furg-” for verb | fear of smth., not frighten smb. else; uncountable |
hypocrisy | glizg | n | NL < Gnomish “glisc” (fond of sweets; fond of saying sweet or flattering things, suave, flattering); compare with Quenya “lissë” and Sindarin “laich” both meaning “sweet” | uncountable |
I am fed of (…) | brus-(uz)-(â/û) thlûk (…)-ob dazûr | expr | lit. “There it have enough of … for me” | |
I am over (…) | brus-(uz)-(â/û) thlûk (…)-ob dazûr | expr | lit. “There it have enough of … for me” | |
I have had enough of (…) | brus-(uz)-(â/û) thlûk (…)-ob dazûr | expr | lit. “There it have enough of … for me” | |
idea | nobh | n | NL < Noldorin “naw” (idea) < Etym. “NOWO” (to think, imagine) | |
idiot | pah | n | HG | |
idle | frûz | adj | LOS | |
ignore | graid- | v | NL < Neo-Sindarin “agreitha” (to despise, contemn) < Gnomish “agrectha” < “craitho-” (to spit) < early roots “KEREK”, “KREK”, “KEREKE” | to openly, intentionally disobey a rule, law, person целенаправленно игнорировать правило, закон, команды; также “не повиноваться” |
image | nobh | n | NL < Noldorin “naw” (idea) < Etym. “NOWO” (to think, imagine) | |
imagine | noth- | v | NL < Noldorin “nauth” (thought), “nautha-” (to conceive), Quenya “nause” (imagination) < Etym. “NOWO” | |
imply | idr- | v | NL < Etym. “ID” (heart, desire, wish); compare with Noldorin “idhren” (pondering, wise, thoughtful), “idher” (thoughtfulness) of same etymology | |
incite | yor- | v | NL < Noldorin “îr” (sexual desire) < Etym. “YER” (feel sexual desire) + Old Noldorin “or”, Noldorin “eria” (to rise) < Etym. “ORO” (up, rise, high); compare with EH “ghêr” with similar etymology; resemblance to Slavic root “yar” (bright, fiery, hot, fury, frenzy, passionate, very) is accidental; compare with “hûr” | mostly about sexual desire |
indeed | kogarz | adv | see “kog” | |
information | îsturm | n | NL < LOS “îst-” (to know) | uncountable |
inkle | nath- | v | NL < Qenya “naus” (suspicion), Gnomish “naf” (to suspect, have inkling of) < Primitive Elvish Root “NAVA” | |
insane | trîn | adj | LOS < SV | |
intelligence | tunkurm | n | NL < Qenya “tunke” (bright, smart, witty) | uncountable |
intend | pant- | v | NL < Qenya “panya-” (to plan, arrange, intend, mean) + Quenya “tel-”, Sindarin “thel” (to intend); Gnomish “panta-” (to arrange, order, settle, set, put, place) | used together with other verb in infinitive; may be replaced with suffix of prospective aspect (-uth) or gerundive of dependent verb |
intention | dind | n | NL, merging Quenya “indo” (state of mind, inner thought, mood, will), “indu” (do on purpose), Sindarin “ind” (purpose, intention), “nîdh” (full vigorous purpose, exertion of will) < Primitive Elvish roots “NID”, “IN(ID)” with NL “dirb” (will, cf.) | |
interesting | kizgûrz | adj | NL, see “kizg-” | |
interpret | rizûrb- | v | NL, lit. “to between-understand”, “to inter-understand”; see “ri”, “zûrb-” | |
interrogate | hozd- | v | NL < Quenya “cesta” (to ask, seek), “ces” (to search, examine) | |
intriguing | kizgûrz | adj | NL, see “kizg-” | |
irksome | frâd | adj | NL < LOS “frâtûrz” (tired, weary); changed according to Nûrlâm objectives and to make connection with Gnomish “fadrog” (tiresome) | |
irresponsible | frûz | adj | LOS | |
irritate | fizg- | v | NL < Gnomish “fesca” | |
itch | fizg- | v | NL < Gnomish “fesca” | |
job | bul | n | NL < DS (PO) “bulu” < Quenya “mólë” (n) < Etym. (AC) “(M)BOL”? | |
joy | gomb- | v | NL < Qenya “yambo” (cheer, shout of triumph), Gnomish “gôm” (shout, call) < Primitive Elvish root “YAMA” | |
joyful | glaz | adj | NL < Noldorin “glas”, early “gell” (joy), “gair” (merry), Sindarin “gelir” (merry) < Etym. “GALÁS” (joy, be glad) | |
keep an eye (on) | girkh- | v | NL < merging Gnomish “grith-” (to attend to, tend, care, care for), “hirtha-” (to care for, mind, tend; to care, reck, mind) with LOS “gakh” (to care) < HG | use with object in Dative case |
know | gol- | v | TK, AO, UT, PN “golug”; Etym. “ÑGOL” (wise), compare with “gûl” | means deeper, secret knowledge, wisdom |
know | îst- | v | LOS < Quenya “ista” as in “Istari” (wizards) < Etym. “IS” | may be used with objects (know who or some thing) and with adverbials (know how, know what to do) |
knowledge | îsturm | n | NL < LOS “îst-” (to know) | uncountable |
labour | bul | n | NL < DS (PO) “bulu” < Quenya “mólë” (n) < Etym. (AC) “(M)BOL”? | |
lament | brûg- | v | LOS (SN) (only “to lament”) | |
lazy | frûz | adj | LOS | |
learn | nûrl- | v | LOS < HG | |
lech | ghîr- | v | NL < LP “ghêr” < Noldorin “îr”, Quenya “írë”, “yére” | together with verb in infinitive, noun in dative or genitive case |
lie (tell untruth) | prakh- | v | all major dialects < LL (to lure); other meanings were added in SV | |
like | brogb- | v | LOS < HG “like, favor, fancy” | but not in expression “I would like” |
loathe | dolb- | v | NL < Noldorin “delb” (horrible, abominable, loathsome), “delw” (hateful, deadly, fell) < Etym. “DYEL” (feel fear and disgust, abhor) as in early “Dor Deadhelos” (Land of the Shadow of Abomination) | strong disgust |
loathe | poin- | v | NL < SV, HG “ponî-” < MERP (n.) (awe); compare with Etym. “SPAY”; compare with NL “pûth” (to spit) < Etym. “PIW” | less strong than “dolb-” |
long | dimb- | v | NL < Ilkorin “dimb” (sad), “dim” (gloom) < Etym. “DEM” | |
long for | ghîr- | v | NL < LP “ghêr” < Noldorin “îr”, Quenya “írë”, “yére” | together with verb in infinitive, noun in dative or genitive case |
look after | girkh- | v | NL < merging Gnomish “grith-” (to attend to, tend, care, care for), “hirtha-” (to care for, mind, tend; to care, reck, mind) with LOS “gakh” (to care) < HG | use with object in Dative case |
lose hope | narkh- | v | NL < merging TK “nar” (negative particle) + NL “khard-” (to hope) < Noldorin “hartha-” with Sindarin “naer”, Quenya “naira” (dreadful, unendurable) < Etym. “NAY” (lament), “NÁYAK” (pain) with Qenya “naira” (dire, grievous) < Primitive Elvish “ŊAHYA” | intansitive |
love | brogb- | v | LOS < HG “like, favor, fancy” | but not in expression “I would like” |
lull | lûrzh- | v | NL, merging “lor-” (to sleep) with “lûzh-” (to swing); see corresponding articles | rock, swing to sleep smb. |
lure | prakh- | v | all major dialects < LL (to lure); other meanings were added in SV | |
lust | ghîr- | v | NL < LP “ghêr” < Noldorin “îr”, Quenya “írë”, “yére” | together with verb in infinitive, noun in dative or genitive case |
mad | trîn | adj | LOS < SV | |
make horny | yor- | v | NL < Noldorin “îr” (sexual desire) < Etym. “YER” (feel sexual desire) + Old Noldorin “or”, Noldorin “eria” (to rise) < Etym. “ORO” (up, rise, high); compare with EH “ghêr” with similar etymology; resemblance to Slavic root “yar” (bright, fiery, hot, fury, frenzy, passionate, very) is accidental; compare with “hûr” | mostly about sexual desire |
marvel | ilm- | v | NL < Gnomish “elm(en)” (wonder, marvel, n.) | usually passive with object in Instrumental case |
mean | idr- | v | NL < Etym. “ID” (heart, desire, wish); compare with Noldorin “idhren” (pondering, wise, thoughtful), “idher” (thoughtfulness) of same etymology | |
memory | bhûrm | n | NL, merging “bhol-” with “bhû” (see corresponding articles) and abstract noun suffix “-urm” | uncountable |
merry | glaz | adj | NL < Noldorin “glas”, early “gell” (joy), “gair” (merry), Sindarin “gelir” (merry) < Etym. “GALÁS” (joy, be glad) | |
mind | furm | n | NL, merging LOS “frûm” < MERP < Albanian “frymë” with Quenya “fairë”, Sindarin “faer” with NL abstract suffix “-urm” | uncountable |
mind | samd | n | NL, merging Quenya “sáma”, “sanwe” and “indo” of similar meaning; compare with “samb-” (to believe) and “ûs” (to think) | |
mind | tunk | n | NL < Qenya “tunke” (bright, smart, witty) | |
mind (against) | bugb- | v | LOS, HG < SV “bugjab-” (lit. “against say”) | use with objects in Comitative or Accusative case |
misfortune | nîrth | n | NL, merging “nîth-” (complain), “nirz” (corrupted) (see corresponding articles) with Qenya “nyére” (grief), Gnomish “nîr” (compare with “Mornie”, a ship of the dead souls) < Etym. “NAY” (lament), Primitive Elvish roots “NAY” (cause bitter grief or pain), “ŊAHYA” (hurt, grieve), “NYEHE” (weep) | more like about some disastrous event; add abstract suffix “-urm” to clarify meaning of reaction to it |
miss | saug | n | NL < Summoning “szaug-” (v) < LOS “zaug” (debt, fault, blame) < SV | |
mistake | saug | n | NL < Summoning “szaug-” (v) < LOS “zaug” (debt, fault, blame) < SV | |
mourn | brûg- | v | LOS (SN) (only “to lament”) | |
mystery | darn | n | NL, merging LOS “ândar” < MERP “ândartar” (adj.) with Sindarin “torn”, “thurin” (hidden, secret, adj.) | something unknown |
need | narg- | v | DS (want), LOS “nargzab-” (need, want, have to) < SV, probably from “nar-” (no) and “zab-” (to own, possess), so lit. “do not have” | |
neglect | graid- | v | NL < Neo-Sindarin “agreitha” (to despise, contemn) < Gnomish “agrectha” < “craitho-” (to spit) < early roots “KEREK”, “KREK”, “KEREKE” | to openly, intentionally disobey a rule, law, person целенаправленно игнорировать правило, закон, команды; также “не повиноваться” |
nourish | ûrth- | v | NL < LOS “ûrt-” (to raise) < Quenya “orta” (to raise, rise, lift); changed to avoid cognates | take care of children |
nuisance | traz | n | NL < Noldorin “trasta” (to harass, trouble), Old Noldorin “tarsa” (trouble, n.) | light inconvenience |
numbskull | pah | n | HG | |
nurse | ûrth- | v | NL < LOS “ûrt-” (to raise) < Quenya “orta” (to raise, rise, lift); changed to avoid cognates | take care of children |
nurture | ûrth- | v | NL < LOS “ûrt-” (to raise) < Quenya “orta” (to raise, rise, lift); changed to avoid cognates | take care of children |
object (to) | bugb- | v | LOS, HG < SV “bugjab-” (lit. “against say”) | use with objects in Comitative or Accusative case |
objective | krauk | n | HG < MB (task) | |
of course | durtarz | adv | see “durt” | |
omen | faltan | n | NL, merging “falg”, “falt” with “tan” (see corresponding articles); lit. “sign of fortune” | |
oppose | bugb- | v | LOS, HG < SV “bugjab-” (lit. “against say”) | use with objects in Comitative or Accusative case |
pardon | gont- | v | NL, merging LOS, HG “gotl” < SV with Sindarin “gohena” < root “SEN” (let loose, free, let go) | indirect object or recipient shall be in Dative case |
parent | ûrth- | v | NL < LOS “ûrt-” (to raise) < Quenya “orta” (to raise, rise, lift); changed to avoid cognates | take care of children |
party | dafr- | v | LOS, HG < SV “dafar” < MERP; compare with Gnomish “dair” (play, merriment) < Etym. “TYAL” (play) | |
perceive | gusn- | v | SV | usage: 1) with noun 2) with reflexive pronoun + adverb 3) may be replaced with impersonal clause with dative |
perverted | raik | adj | NL < Quenya “raika” (also “crooked, bent”), Noldorin “rhoeg” < Etym. “RÁYAK”, “RAG”; also Gnomish “raig” (awry, twisted, distorted, perverted, wrong) | systematically wrong; wrong by nature, behavior |
picture | noth- | v | NL < Noldorin “nauth” (thought), “nautha-” (to conceive), Quenya “nause” (imagination) < Etym. “NOWO” | |
plan | pant- | v | NL < Qenya “panya-” (to plan, arrange, intend, mean) + Quenya “tel-”, Sindarin “thel” (to intend); Gnomish “panta-” (to arrange, order, settle, set, put, place) | used together with other verb in infinitive; may be replaced with suffix of prospective aspect (-uth) or gerundive of dependent verb |
pluck | krip | n | NL < Qenya “karpale” (a plucking, tucking, wrenching, deceiving, tricking) < early Primitive Elvish root “KṚPṚ” (to pluck) | a deceiving move |
practice | tailurm | n | LOS, SV < MB < Quenya “tyal-” | |
predict | falkh- | v | NL < SV “falk” (to toss a dice, bone) < MERP “flak” < Albanian (to throw, cast) | literally “toss the bones / dices” букв. “раскинуть кости” |
privacy | dhûr | n | HG (secret) | confidentional or private information |
problem | nîrth | n | NL, merging “nîth-” (complain), “nirz” (corrupted) (see corresponding articles) with Qenya “nyére” (grief), Gnomish “nîr” (compare with “Mornie”, a ship of the dead souls) < Etym. “NAY” (lament), Primitive Elvish roots “NAY” (cause bitter grief or pain), “ŊAHYA” (hurt, grieve), “NYEHE” (weep) | more like about some disastrous event; add abstract suffix “-urm” to clarify meaning of reaction to it |
problem | traz | n | NL < Noldorin “trasta” (to harass, trouble), Old Noldorin “tarsa” (trouble, n.) | light inconvenience |
process | magd- | v | NL < Quenya “mahta”, Sindarin “maetha” (to handle, wield, deal with, treat) < Etym. “MAGH” (hand), “MAG” (to use, handle), Primitive Elvish root “MAH” (to handle, manage, control, wield); compare with NL “mâgz”, “maug-”, “mog”[3] | |
prompt | gît- | v | NL < Quenya “hiuta”, Old Noldorin “gyûta” < Etym. (AC) “ÑIW” (wink, hint); also Gnomish “nautha” (to hint) < Primitive Elvish root “NAVA” | to somebody – use with Dative case |
proper | than | adj | NL < Sindarin “thand”, Noldorin “thenid”, Quenya “sanda” < Etym. “STAN” (firm, fix, decide, true, regular) | |
providence | drothakurm | n | NL, see “dro”, “thak” | divine intervention |
purpose | dind | n | NL, merging Quenya “indo” (state of mind, inner thought, mood, will), “indu” (do on purpose), Sindarin “ind” (purpose, intention), “nîdh” (full vigorous purpose, exertion of will) < Primitive Elvish roots “NID”, “IN(ID)” with NL “dirb” (will, cf.) | |
put money (on) | fadr- | v | NL < Quenya “vanda” (oath, pledge, solemn promise) | |
quest | krauk | n | HG < MB (task) | |
rage | uruth | n | NL < Sindarin “oroth”, “rûth”, Quenya “ursa” | |
raise (children) | ûrth- | v | NL < LOS “ûrt-” (to raise) < Quenya “orta” (to raise, rise, lift); changed to avoid cognates | take care of children |
real | kog | adj | NL < ZA “kog-” (to speak, tell truth) | |
really | kogarz | adv | see “kog” | |
reason | samd | n | NL, merging Quenya “sáma”, “sanwe” and “indo” of similar meaning; compare with “samb-” (to believe) and “ûs” (to think) | |
recall | bhol- | v | NL < Sindarin “ephola”, “ebhola” (to remember?) | with object in Accusative case or with preposition “gus” (about) = remember; with object in Dative case = remind; with prefix “ri-” = to forget |
reck | girkh- | v | NL < merging Gnomish “grith-” (to attend to, tend, care, care for), “hirtha-” (to care for, mind, tend; to care, reck, mind) with LOS “gakh” (to care) < HG | use with object in Dative case |
reck | ûst- | v | NL, merging LOS “ûs-” (to think) with Gnomish “sad” (to reck, care, value, esteem, show respect for, consider) | |
reckless | hûrz | adj | NL < TK PN “Mauhúr”; ? Noldorin “hûr” (vigour, fiery spirit) < Etym. “KHOR” | |
reckon | ûst- | v | NL, merging LOS “ûs-” (to think) with Gnomish “sad” (to reck, care, value, esteem, show respect for, consider) | |
reject | hôgh- | v | NL < Quenya “hehta”, Telerin “hecta” < root “HEK” (aside, apart, separate); compare with “hîg-” | |
rejoice | gomb- | v | NL < Qenya “yambo” (cheer, shout of triumph), Gnomish “gôm” (shout, call) < Primitive Elvish root “YAMA” | |
rely (on) | samb- | v | NL, merging Quenya “sav-” (to believe) < Primitive Elvish “SAB” with LOS “tum” < SV | believe in what person does, believe in idea |
remember | bhol- | v | NL < Sindarin “ephola”, “ebhola” (to remember?) | with object in Accusative case or with preposition “gus” (about) = remember; with object in Dative case = remind; with prefix “ri-” = to forget |
rememberance | bholurm | n | NL, merging “bhol-” with “bhû” (see corresponding articles) | |
remind | bhol- | v | NL < Sindarin “ephola”, “ebhola” (to remember?) | with object in Accusative case or with preposition “gus” (about) = remember; with object in Dative case = remind; with prefix “ri-” = to forget |
remit | gont- | v | NL, merging LOS, HG “gotl” < SV with Sindarin “gohena” < root “SEN” (let loose, free, let go) | indirect object or recipient shall be in Dative case |
report | nabh | n | NL < Qenya “navillo” (hint, whisper, rumour, suspicion) < Primitive Elvish Root “NAVA” | |
reputation | nabh | n | NL < Qenya “navillo” (hint, whisper, rumour, suspicion) < Primitive Elvish Root “NAVA” | |
revel | dafr- | v | LOS, HG < SV “dafar” < MERP; compare with Gnomish “dair” (play, merriment) < Etym. “TYAL” (play) | |
revere | gorth- | v | merging NL “gorm” (reverence) < Etym. “ÑGOROTH” (dread, fear) with Sindarin “gorth” (dread, horror, dead), PN “Gorthaur” (moniker of Sauron) of same etymology and with Gnomish “gort” (idol), “gorthin” (fane, temple), “dungort”, “dumgort(h)” (evil idol) and Qenya “korda” (temple) | believe in deity; object of worship should be in Dative case |
riddle | darn | n | NL, merging LOS “ândar” < MERP “ândartar” (adj.) with Sindarin “torn”, “thurin” (hidden, secret, adj.) | something unknown |
right | than | adj | NL < Sindarin “thand”, Noldorin “thenid”, Quenya “sanda” < Etym. “STAN” (firm, fix, decide, true, regular) | |
risk | hûr- | v | LOS < TK PN “Mauhûr”, Noldorin “hûr” (vigour, fiery spirit) < Etym. “KHOR” | |
risk | razg | n | NL < Quenya “raxë” | |
rough | hazt | adj | MERP; probably from Icelandic “harðdrægur” | metaphorically, about character, speech |
rumor | nabh | n | NL < Qenya “navillo” (hint, whisper, rumour, suspicion) < Primitive Elvish Root “NAVA” | |
rumour | nabh | n | NL < Qenya “navillo” (hint, whisper, rumour, suspicion) < Primitive Elvish Root “NAVA” | |
ruse | krip | n | NL < Qenya “karpale” (a plucking, tucking, wrenching, deceiving, tricking) < early Primitive Elvish root “KṚPṚ” (to pluck) | a deceiving move |
sake | gob | n | NL < EH “gobu” < Qenya “káma” | uncountable |
scare | ugl- | v | TK, DBS, LOTR, OC, PN “Uglúk”; ? Etym. “ÚLUG”, “ÚLGU” (horrible, hideous); ? Hurrian “ugil” (frighten); ? Etym. “UGU” (negative prefix) | translation is speculative |
scared | uglaga | pastp | see “ugl-” | object of fear should be in Instrumental case, however in colloquial speech it may be in Genitive, as in English |
school | nurlamb | n | NL, lit. “chamber of learning”, see “nûrl-”, “amb” | |
scorn | graid- | v | NL < Neo-Sindarin “agreitha” (to despise, contemn) < Gnomish “agrectha” < “craitho-” (to spit) < early roots “KEREK”, “KREK”, “KEREKE” | to openly, intentionally disobey a rule, law, person целенаправленно игнорировать правило, закон, команды; также “не повиноваться” |
scowl | lork- | v | NL < merging Gnomish “laur” (threatening), “lur” (to frown), “lurc” (frown, n.) < root “LURU” | about facial expression |
secret | darn | n | NL, merging LOS “ândar” < MERP “ândartar” (adj.) with Sindarin “torn”, “thurin” (hidden, secret, adj.) | something unknown |
secret | dhûr | n | HG (secret) | confidentional or private information |
seduce | prakh- | v | all major dialects < LL (to lure); other meanings were added in SV | |
seem | bozd- | v | EH “bozd” (face, n) < Gnomish “gwint”, compare with LOS “ozt-” < HG “ozut-” (appear, seem) | modal meaning in expressions like “it seems” |
sense | gusn- | v | SV | usage: 1) with noun 2) with reflexive pronoun + adverb 3) may be replaced with impersonal clause with dative |
sense | samd | n | NL, merging Quenya “sáma”, “sanwe” and “indo” of similar meaning; compare with “samb-” (to believe) and “ûs” (to think) | |
shame | bagd- | v | NL, merging LOS, SV, HG “bâk” (n) < MB with TK “bag” (excrement), Gnomish “naud” (ashamed, abashed) < early Primitive Elvish root “NAWA” (dwarf) and Qenya “naitya” (to damage, abuse, put to shame) | add clitic reflexive pronoun “-îm” for meaning “be ashamed, cringe” |
shirk | graid- | v | NL < Neo-Sindarin “agreitha” (to despise, contemn) < Gnomish “agrectha” < “craitho-” (to spit) < early roots “KEREK”, “KREK”, “KEREKE” | to openly, intentionally disobey a rule, law, person целенаправленно игнорировать правило, закон, команды; также “не повиноваться” |
shrewd | tunkûrz | adj | NL < Qenya “tunke” (bright, smart, witty) | |
signify | tan- | v | NL < Quenya “tanna” (sign, token) | |
smart | tunkûrz | adj | NL < Qenya “tunke” (bright, smart, witty) | |
soon | uth | adv | NL < Gnomish “mu”, “mutha” (will, I am going to, I am about to) + LOS “gûth” (almost, nearly) | usually have a tone of intention; see also verb “pant-” |
soothe | bort- | v | NL < HG “borz” (n) | |
spare | kask- | v | NL < SV (BA) “kaskût” (mercy, n) | use with object in accusative case |
spirit | furm | n | NL, merging LOS “frûm” < MERP < Albanian “frymë” with Quenya “fairë”, Sindarin “faer” with NL abstract suffix “-urm” | uncountable |
stand | bronb- | v | NL < Noldorin “brenia” (to endure), “bronwe” (endurance) < Etym. “BOR”, “BORON” | |
stomach | bronb- | v | NL < Noldorin “brenia” (to endure), “bronwe” (endurance) < Etym. “BOR”, “BORON” | |
stratagem | krip | n | NL < Qenya “karpale” (a plucking, tucking, wrenching, deceiving, tricking) < early Primitive Elvish root “KṚPṚ” (to pluck) | a deceiving move |
study | nûrl- | v | LOS < HG | |
stupid | pah | adj | HG | |
suppose | ton- | v | NL < LOS “tonprakh” < SV (to suppose, presume) < LL “prakh” (to lure) | |
sure | durt | adj | LOS | |
sure | rûz | adj | LOS < HG | |
surely | durtarz | adv | see “durt” | |
surely | rûzarz | adv | see “rûz” | |
suspect | nath- | v | NL < Qenya “naus” (suspicion), Gnomish “naf” (to suspect, have inkling of) < Primitive Elvish Root “NAVA” | |
sweet-speaking | glizg | n | NL < Gnomish “glisc” (fond of sweets; fond of saying sweet or flattering things, suave, flattering); compare with Quenya “lissë” and Sindarin “laich” both meaning “sweet” | uncountable |
symbolize | tan- | v | NL < Quenya “tanna” (sign, token) | |
take pleasure | glaz- | v | NL, see “glaz” (adj.) | usually intransitive, clarify meaning “to delight” with object in Dative case instead of Accusative |
target | krauk | n | HG < MB (task) | |
task | bul | n | NL < DS (PO) “bulu” < Quenya “mólë” (n) < Etym. (AC) “(M)BOL”? | |
task | krauk | n | HG < MB (task) | |
teach | gust- | v | NL, merging Neo-Sindarin “goltha” (to teach) < Etym. “ÑGOL” (wise) with Quenya “ista” (to know) < Etym. “IS” | |
tedious | frâd | adj | NL < LOS “frâtûrz” (tired, weary); changed according to Nûrlâm objectives and to make connection with Gnomish “fadrog” (tiresome) | |
temper | okturm | n | NL, merging “ok” with Primitive Elvish “okma” (an evil deed), Qenya “ohta-karo” (act of war) | |
tend | girkh- | v | NL < merging Gnomish “grith-” (to attend to, tend, care, care for), “hirtha-” (to care for, mind, tend; to care, reck, mind) with LOS “gakh” (to care) < HG | use with object in Dative case |
think | ûs- | v | LOS < Quenya “ósanwë” (telepathy) | “to think of” should be translated using preposition “gus” (about) |
thought | nobh | n | NL < Noldorin “naw” (idea) < Etym. “NOWO” (to think, imagine) | |
threat | razg | n | NL < Quenya “raxë” | |
throw (away) | hôgh- | v | NL < Quenya “hehta”, Telerin “hecta” < root “HEK” (aside, apart, separate); compare with “hîg-” | |
tire | kûbr- | v | HG | active — tire smb. else, passive + noun in Genitive or Instrumental case — be tired of |
tiresome | frâd | adj | NL < LOS “frâtûrz” (tired, weary); changed according to Nûrlâm objectives and to make connection with Gnomish “fadrog” (tiresome) | |
training | tailurm | n | LOS, SV < MB < Quenya “tyal-” | |
tranquillize | bort- | v | NL < HG “borz” (n) | |
treat | magd- | v | NL < Quenya “mahta”, Sindarin “maetha” (to handle, wield, deal with, treat) < Etym. “MAGH” (hand), “MAG” (to use, handle), Primitive Elvish root “MAH” (to handle, manage, control, wield); compare with NL “mâgz”, “maug-”, “mog”[3] | |
trick | krip | n | NL < Qenya “karpale” (a plucking, tucking, wrenching, deceiving, tricking) < early Primitive Elvish root “KṚPṚ” (to pluck) | a deceiving move |
trick | prakh- | v | all major dialects < LL (to lure); other meanings were added in SV | |
trouble | mudh- | v | NL < RN < LOS, HG “mudhn-” | |
trouble | nîrth | n | NL, merging “nîth-” (complain), “nirz” (corrupted) (see corresponding articles) with Qenya “nyére” (grief), Gnomish “nîr” (compare with “Mornie”, a ship of the dead souls) < Etym. “NAY” (lament), Primitive Elvish roots “NAY” (cause bitter grief or pain), “ŊAHYA” (hurt, grieve), “NYEHE” (weep) | more like about some disastrous event; add abstract suffix “-urm” to clarify meaning of reaction to it |
trouble | traz | n | NL < Noldorin “trasta” (to harass, trouble), Old Noldorin “tarsa” (trouble, n.) | light inconvenience |
true | kog | adj | NL < ZA “kog-” (to speak, tell truth) | |
truly | kogarz | adv | see “kog” | |
trust | kân- | v | LOS < HG “kan-” | believe what the person says |
truth | kogurm | n | see “kog” | |
turn on | yor- | v | NL < Noldorin “îr” (sexual desire) < Etym. “YER” (feel sexual desire) + Old Noldorin “or”, Noldorin “eria” (to rise) < Etym. “ORO” (up, rise, high); compare with EH “ghêr” with similar etymology; resemblance to Slavic root “yar” (bright, fiery, hot, fury, frenzy, passionate, very) is accidental; compare with “hûr” | mostly about sexual desire |
twist | krip | n | NL < Qenya “karpale” (a plucking, tucking, wrenching, deceiving, tricking) < early Primitive Elvish root “KṚPṚ” (to pluck) | a deceiving move |
twisted | raik | adj | NL < Quenya “raika” (also “crooked, bent”), Noldorin “rhoeg” < Etym. “RÁYAK”, “RAG”; also Gnomish “raig” (awry, twisted, distorted, perverted, wrong) | systematically wrong; wrong by nature, behavior |
uncertainty | hush | n | LOS < MB (opinion?) | uncountable |
understand | zûrb- | v | ZA, probably from SV “zûr” (wise, smart) | |
venture | hûr- | v | LOS < TK PN “Mauhûr”, Noldorin “hûr” (vigour, fiery spirit) < Etym. “KHOR” | |
vision (of thought) | nobh | n | NL < Noldorin “naw” (idea) < Etym. “NOWO” (to think, imagine) | |
voice | mog | n | TK, AO, LR; abandoned translation of PN “Gothmog” as “Master's voice”; see “omog” | |
wager | fadr- | v | NL < Quenya “vanda” (oath, pledge, solemn promise) | |
wait | darb- | v | NL < Etym. “DAR” | |
want | hiz- | v | NL < DS “hiz-”, “hizi-”, “izhi-” | want for self |
want | irm- | v | NL < Gnomish “erth” (wish, n.), “irm” (wish, intention, n.), “irn” (desired, wished for, adj.), Quenya “írë” < Etym. “ID” (n) “desire, wish” | want for others, want something to happen |
want | narg- | v | DS (want), LOS “nargzab-” (need, want, have to) < SV, probably from “nar-” (no) and “zab-” (to own, possess), so lit. “do not have” | |
weary | frâd | adj | NL < LOS “frâtûrz” (tired, weary); changed according to Nûrlâm objectives and to make connection with Gnomish “fadrog” (tiresome) | |
weep | blord- | v | LOS | cry with tears |
whereas | zasha hugor | expr | NL, see “za”, “sha”, “hug”, “or” | |
whereas | ûstug za | expr | NL, see “ûst-”, “za” | |
whereas | ûstug zamash | expr | NL, see “ûst-”, “zamash” | |
wile | tunkûrz | adj | NL < Qenya “tunke” (bright, smart, witty) | |
will | dirb | n | NL, merging Quenya “nirmë” (act of will, n), “Þelma” (will, n), Sindarin “thel-” (will, v) | only as noun (e.g. “the will of power”, “the will to live”) with descriptive noun in Allative case; uncountable |
will | hiz- | v | NL < DS “hiz-”, “hizi-”, “izhi-” | want for self |
will (do smth.) soon | uth | adv | NL < Gnomish “mu”, “mutha” (will, I am going to, I am about to) + LOS “gûth” (almost, nearly) | usually have a tone of intention; see also verb “pant-” |
wink | gît- | v | NL < Quenya “hiuta”, Old Noldorin “gyûta” < Etym. (AC) “ÑIW” (wink, hint); also Gnomish “nautha” (to hint) < Primitive Elvish root “NAVA” | to somebody – use with Dative case |
wisdom | golurm | n | NL < TK “gol-” (cf.) | uncountable |
wish | irm- | v | NL < Gnomish “erth” (wish, n.), “irm” (wish, intention, n.), “irn” (desired, wished for, adj.), Quenya “írë” < Etym. “ID” (n) “desire, wish” | want for others, want something to happen |
wit | tunk | n | NL < Qenya “tunke” (bright, smart, witty) | |
with this in mind | zasha hugor | expr | NL, see “za”, “sha”, “hug”, “or” | |
withstand | bronb- | v | NL < Noldorin “brenia” (to endure), “bronwe” (endurance) < Etym. “BOR”, “BORON” | |
woe | nîrth | n | NL, merging “nîth-” (complain), “nirz” (corrupted) (see corresponding articles) with Qenya “nyére” (grief), Gnomish “nîr” (compare with “Mornie”, a ship of the dead souls) < Etym. “NAY” (lament), Primitive Elvish roots “NAY” (cause bitter grief or pain), “ŊAHYA” (hurt, grieve), “NYEHE” (weep) | more like about some disastrous event; add abstract suffix “-urm” to clarify meaning of reaction to it |
wonder | ilm- | v | NL < Gnomish “elm(en)” (wonder, marvel, n.) | usually passive with object in Instrumental case |
wonder | kizg- | v | NL < Quenya “cesya” (to cause interest, to cause one to enquire) < “ces” (to search, examine) | to want to know; use with object in instrumental case |
work | bul | n | NL < DS (PO) “bulu” < Quenya “mólë” (n) < Etym. (AC) “(M)BOL”? | |
worry | mudh- | v | NL < RN < LOS, HG “mudhn-” | |
worship | gorth- | v | merging NL “gorm” (reverence) < Etym. “ÑGOROTH” (dread, fear) with Sindarin “gorth” (dread, horror, dead), PN “Gorthaur” (moniker of Sauron) of same etymology and with Gnomish “gort” (idol), “gorthin” (fane, temple), “dungort”, “dumgort(h)” (evil idol) and Qenya “korda” (temple) | believe in deity; object of worship should be in Dative case |
wrath | uruth | n | NL < Sindarin “oroth”, “rûth”, Quenya “ursa” | |
wrong | firk | adj | NL < LOS “fik” (bad) + Qenya “perqa” | be wrong (once) by mistake |
wrong | raik | adj | NL < Quenya “raika” (also “crooked, bent”), Noldorin “rhoeg” < Etym. “RÁYAK”, “RAG”; also Gnomish “raig” (awry, twisted, distorted, perverted, wrong) | systematically wrong; wrong by nature, behavior |