This page will contain list of words for various actions done with hands, including movement of other objects. However some words related to possession and ownership are listed in separate page.
English | Nûrlâm | Part of speech | Etymology | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|
shrakh- | v | all major dialects < SV NL suggests fictional proto-word “skrinkht” to connect “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” with Sindarin “critha-” (reap) < Etym. “KIRIK” (gather, collect, reap), Primitive Elvish “k'rikta-” | ||
abandon | hôgh- | v | NL < Quenya “hehta”, Telerin “hecta” < root “HEK” (aside, apart, separate); compare with “hîg-” | |
accept | bhûl- | v | LOS | more about thoughts than material objects |
accessible | bazgûrz | adj | NL < SV, see “bazg”, “bazg-” | calque of English “handy” |
adhere | hinb- | v | NL < Quenya “him” (to adhere), “himba” (sticking, adhering) < Etym. “KHIM” | use with objects in Allative case; passive voice modifies the meaning to “stick by” |
arm | bazg | n | SV (hand, arm) | |
arm (of chair) | unral | n | NL < LOS “unr-” (to hold) | ручка двери, инструмента и т. п. |
arrange | gaith- | v | NL, merging LOS “urgai-” < SV with Noldorin “gartha” (to set, put in position, appoint) and Quenya “caita” (to lay smth.) < Etym. “KAY” | |
arrange | srinkh- | v | LL (to gather) NL suggests fictional proto-word “skrinkht” to connect “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” with Sindarin “critha-” (reap) < Etym. “KIRIK” (gather, collect, reap), Primitive Elvish “k'rikta-” | to get together and sort; to gather in some order |
arrest | mraf- | v | NL < merging Quenya “arpo” (seizer, thief), Middle Quenya “raf-” (snatch, seize) < Primitive Elvish “RAPH” (to seize, grab, snatch) with Middle Quenya “mapa” (to grasp, seize), Qenya “(a)mapta” (to ravish, seize and carry off forcibly) < Primitive Elvish “MAP”, “MAPA”, “NAPA” (to lay hold of with hand, seize) | to seize and carry off person forcibly похищать, уносить людей против их воли |
assembly | shrakh- | v | all major dialects < SV NL suggests fictional proto-word “skrinkht” to connect “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” with Sindarin “critha-” (reap) < Etym. “KIRIK” (gather, collect, reap), Primitive Elvish “k'rikta-” | |
at fingertips | bazgûrz | adj | NL < SV, see “bazg”, “bazg-” | calque of English “handy” |
back up | kôb- | v | NL, merging HG “kûb-” (to keep, store) with Sindarin “heb-” (to keep) < root “KHEP” (to retain, keep) | |
bail (of bucket) | unral | n | NL < LOS “unr-” (to hold) | ручка двери, инструмента и т. п. |
bandage | fragh- | v | NL, merging Gnomish “brach” (a shawl, plaid, wrap), “braitha” (to wrap) with Primitive Elvish root “VAẎA” (to enfold) | |
batter | pûlp- | v | NL < LOS (to beat), probably from Quenya “palpa” (to beat, batter) < Etym. “PALAP”; see also “plup-” | to beat repeatedly |
bear | kol- | v | LOS (to carry) < Quenya “col-” (to bear, carry, wear) | carry the object, wear a cloth, endure some trouble |
bear (smth.) | throg- | v | NL, merging TK “thrak-” (to bring, drag), NL “thrag-” (to bring, carry), Qenya “toqo-” (to yield, give, bring forth, bear) (mostly about childbirth and harvest), to connect with NL “throk” (food) < SV “throkh-” (to eat) | may refer to childbirth and harvest; indirect object in Dative case в т.ч. приносить урожай, потомство |
beat | bump- | v | HG < LOS “bum” < MB | mostly about sound |
beat | drîg- | v | NL < Noldorin “dringa” (to beat, strike) < Etym. “DRING”, e.g. in sword name “Glamdring” aka “Foe-hammer”, called “Beater” by goblins; see also “drang” | |
beat | fulk- | v | HG, probably from SV “flak-” < MERP (to throw) < Albanian | |
beat | plup- | v | NL < Noldorin “blâb” < Etym. “PALAP”; see also “pûlp-” | about wings, flag, etc. обычно возвратный глагол |
beat | pûlp- | v | NL < LOS (to beat), probably from Quenya “palpa” (to beat, batter) < Etym. “PALAP”; see also “plup-” | to beat repeatedly |
beat (heavily) | dramp- | v | Noldorin “dram” (heavy stroke, heavy blow), “drafn” (hewn log) < Etym. “DARÁM” (beat, hew, batter, thud) | |
bestow | throg- | v | NL, merging TK “thrak-” (to bring, drag), NL “thrag-” (to bring, carry), Qenya “toqo-” (to yield, give, bring forth, bear) (mostly about childbirth and harvest), to connect with NL “throk” (food) < SV “throkh-” (to eat) | may refer to childbirth and harvest; indirect object in Dative case в т.ч. приносить урожай, потомство |
bind | krimp- | v | TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; ? Quenya “remba” (to net, entrap) | |
bring | thrag- | v | NL < TK “thrak” (bring by force, hale, drag) + Noldorin “tog-” (to bring) < Etym. “TUK” (to bring, draw) | |
bring (by force) | thrak- | v | TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; Etym. “TUK-” (bring, draw); Hurrian “thar-ik-” (to demand someone to send something) | |
build | tumb- | v | NL < Qenya “tump” (to build, beat) + Noldorin “adab” (to build) | |
carry | kol- | v | LOS (to carry) < Quenya “col-” (to bear, carry, wear) | carry the object, wear a cloth, endure some trouble |
carry | thrag- | v | NL < TK “thrak” (bring by force, hale, drag) + Noldorin “tog-” (to bring) < Etym. “TUK” (to bring, draw) | |
cast | af- | v | LOS | |
catch | ats- | v | LOS < Quenya “atsa” (n) (hook, claw, catch) < Etym. “GAT” | |
choke (smb. else) | strakh- | v | SV, HG | transitive |
choose | gobh- | v | NL, merging HG “gaush-” < MERP (finger) < Albanian with EH “gorb-” < Etym. “KIL” and with Primitive Elvish roots “KYAW” (choose, select) and “KYAB” (taste) | |
clap | thlakh- | v | NL < Noldorin “tlach(a)” (clap, clash, clatter) | |
classify | srinkh- | v | LL (to gather) NL suggests fictional proto-word “skrinkht” to connect “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” with Sindarin “critha-” (reap) < Etym. “KIRIK” (gather, collect, reap), Primitive Elvish “k'rikta-” | to get together and sort; to gather in some order |
claw at | khlaf- | v | NL < Gnomish “clamfa” < Etym. “GAP”? | |
clean | thig- | v | NL < LOS “thag-” < SV, MERP < Albanian “thaj” (to dry); changed to avoid ambiguity with HORN (“ten”) and DS (“more”) and get rid of Albanian cognate; compare with Gnomish “thisc” (adj), “thista-”, “suitha-” (v); see also “thizg” | clean dry |
clean | yol- | v | NL < Sindarin “iôl” | clean with water |
cleave | grish- | v | TK, DBS, LOTR, PN “Grishnákh”; ? Etym. “KIRIS”, “RIS” (cut), compare with Sindarin “criss” | |
cleave (to) | hinb- | v | NL < Quenya “him” (to adhere), “himba” (sticking, adhering) < Etym. “KHIM” | use with objects in Allative case; passive voice modifies the meaning to “stick by” |
cling (on, to) | hinb- | v | NL < Quenya “him” (to adhere), “himba” (sticking, adhering) < Etym. “KHIM” | use with objects in Allative case; passive voice modifies the meaning to “stick by” |
cloak | fragh- | v | NL, merging Gnomish “brach” (a shawl, plaid, wrap), “braitha” (to wrap) with Primitive Elvish root “VAẎA” (to enfold) | |
close at hand | bazgûrz | adj | NL < SV, see “bazg”, “bazg-” | calque of English “handy” |
coil | fragh- | v | NL, merging Gnomish “brach” (a shawl, plaid, wrap), “braitha” (to wrap) with Primitive Elvish root “VAẎA” (to enfold) | |
collect | shrakh- | v | all major dialects < SV NL suggests fictional proto-word “skrinkht” to connect “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” with Sindarin “critha-” (reap) < Etym. “KIRIK” (gather, collect, reap), Primitive Elvish “k'rikta-” | |
construct | tumb- | v | NL < Qenya “tump” (to build, beat) + Noldorin “adab” (to build) | |
crack | grish- | v | TK, DBS, LOTR, PN “Grishnákh”; ? Etym. “KIRIS”, “RIS” (cut), compare with Sindarin “criss” | |
crank | unral | n | NL < LOS “unr-” (to hold) | ручка двери, инструмента и т. п. |
crush | sud- | v | HG, probably from SV “shatûp” (to crush, destroy, shatter) < Albanian “shtyp” | damage with heavy weight to flat or small pieces |
cunning | krip | n | NL < Qenya “karpale” (a plucking, tucking, wrenching, deceiving, tricking) < early Primitive Elvish root “KṚPṚ” (to pluck) | a deceiving move |
cut | ak- | v | LOS < Quenya “ecet” (short stabbing sword) | |
cut | grish- | v | TK, DBS, LOTR, PN “Grishnákh”; ? Etym. “KIRIS”, “RIS” (cut), compare with Sindarin “criss” | |
damage | fulk- | v | HG, probably from SV “flak-” < MERP (to throw) < Albanian | |
deceit | krip | n | NL < Qenya “karpale” (a plucking, tucking, wrenching, deceiving, tricking) < early Primitive Elvish root “KṚPṚ” (to pluck) | a deceiving move |
discard | hôgh- | v | NL < Quenya “hehta”, Telerin “hecta” < root “HEK” (aside, apart, separate); compare with “hîg-” | |
discover | badz- | v | LOS < HG; probably from Early Quenya “patsima” (wide open, adj.) | |
dispatch | hîst- | v | LOS; compare with “hîs” (quick) | also “to ship” (e.g. parcel) |
disperse | bûsn- | v | SV | to move smth./self onto all directions, over huge area, etc. двигать(ся) в разные стороны, по большой территории и т. п. |
drag | sûh- | v | NL < DS (Moria) “sû” < DS (PO) “tugu” < Middle-Quenya “tuk-” (to draw, pull behind) | also about weapon |
drag | thrak- | v | TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; Etym. “TUK-” (bring, draw); Hurrian “thar-ik-” (to demand someone to send something) | |
draw | sûh- | v | NL < DS (Moria) “sû” < DS (PO) “tugu” < Middle-Quenya “tuk-” (to draw, pull behind) | also about weapon |
duty | bul | n | NL < DS (PO) “bulu” < Quenya “mólë” (n) < Etym. (AC) “(M)BOL”? | |
ear (of cup) | unral | n | NL < LOS “unr-” (to hold) | ручка двери, инструмента и т. п. |
elect | gobh- | v | NL, merging HG “gaush-” < MERP (finger) < Albanian with EH “gorb-” < Etym. “KIL” and with Primitive Elvish roots “KYAW” (choose, select) and “KYAB” (taste) | |
endow | throg- | v | NL, merging TK “thrak-” (to bring, drag), NL “thrag-” (to bring, carry), Qenya “toqo-” (to yield, give, bring forth, bear) (mostly about childbirth and harvest), to connect with NL “throk” (food) < SV “throkh-” (to eat) | may refer to childbirth and harvest; indirect object in Dative case в т.ч. приносить урожай, потомство |
enfold | fragh- | v | NL, merging Gnomish “brach” (a shawl, plaid, wrap), “braitha” (to wrap) with Primitive Elvish root “VAẎA” (to enfold) | |
envelop | fragh- | v | NL, merging Gnomish “brach” (a shawl, plaid, wrap), “braitha” (to wrap) with Primitive Elvish root “VAẎA” (to enfold) | |
fight | mauk- | v | LOS, probably from Qenya “mahtar” (warrior) < Etym. “MAK” (sword, to fight) | literally, with weapons or fists; opponent of fighting is in Accusative; Comitative case marks people who help fighting |
flap | plup- | v | NL < Noldorin “blâb” < Etym. “PALAP”; see also “pûlp-” | about wings, flag, etc. обычно возвратный глагол |
flitter | plup- | v | NL < Noldorin “blâb” < Etym. “PALAP”; see also “pûlp-” | about wings, flag, etc. обычно возвратный глагол |
focus (circus) | krip | n | NL < Qenya “karpale” (a plucking, tucking, wrenching, deceiving, tricking) < early Primitive Elvish root “KṚPṚ” (to pluck) | a deceiving move |
furl | fragh- | v | NL, merging Gnomish “brach” (a shawl, plaid, wrap), “braitha” (to wrap) with Primitive Elvish root “VAẎA” (to enfold) | |
gambit | krip | n | NL < Qenya “karpale” (a plucking, tucking, wrenching, deceiving, tricking) < early Primitive Elvish root “KṚPṚ” (to pluck) | a deceiving move |
gather | shrakh- | v | all major dialects < SV NL suggests fictional proto-word “skrinkht” to connect “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” with Sindarin “critha-” (reap) < Etym. “KIRIK” (gather, collect, reap), Primitive Elvish “k'rikta-” | |
gather | srinkh- | v | LL (to gather) NL suggests fictional proto-word “skrinkht” to connect “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” with Sindarin “critha-” (reap) < Etym. “KIRIK” (gather, collect, reap), Primitive Elvish “k'rikta-” | to get together and sort; to gather in some order |
gimmick | krip | n | NL < Qenya “karpale” (a plucking, tucking, wrenching, deceiving, tricking) < early Primitive Elvish root “KṚPṚ” (to pluck) | a deceiving move |
give | throg- | v | NL, merging TK “thrak-” (to bring, drag), NL “thrag-” (to bring, carry), Qenya “toqo-” (to yield, give, bring forth, bear) (mostly about childbirth and harvest), to connect with NL “throk” (food) < SV “throkh-” (to eat) | may refer to childbirth and harvest; indirect object in Dative case в т.ч. приносить урожай, потомство |
glide | tât- | v | NL < Noldorin “talt”, Quenya “talta-” (verb) < Etym. “TALAT” | |
grab | khlaf- | v | NL < Gnomish “clamfa” < Etym. “GAP”? | |
grab | rop- | v | NL < all major dialects “rok-” (seize, grasp, grip) < MERP melted with Primitive Elvish “RAPH” (seize, grab, snatch) to avoid confusion with HG “rok” < SV “rock” (rag) and get rid of possible Albanian cognate “rrokje”; resemblance with English “to rob” is accidental or through Primitive Elvish | |
grant | throg- | v | NL, merging TK “thrak-” (to bring, drag), NL “thrag-” (to bring, carry), Qenya “toqo-” (to yield, give, bring forth, bear) (mostly about childbirth and harvest), to connect with NL “throk” (food) < SV “throkh-” (to eat) | may refer to childbirth and harvest; indirect object in Dative case в т.ч. приносить урожай, потомство |
grasp | mank- | v | NL < Qenya “makte” (hold, grip), Gnomish “manc” (grip, grasp, hold) (n), “manca” (to grab, seize) < Primitive Elvish “MAHA” (grasp) | |
grasp | rop- | v | NL < all major dialects “rok-” (seize, grasp, grip) < MERP melted with Primitive Elvish “RAPH” (seize, grab, snatch) to avoid confusion with HG “rok” < SV “rock” (rag) and get rid of possible Albanian cognate “rrokje”; resemblance with English “to rob” is accidental or through Primitive Elvish | |
grip | mank- | v | NL < Qenya “makte” (hold, grip), Gnomish “manc” (grip, grasp, hold) (n), “manca” (to grab, seize) < Primitive Elvish “MAHA” (grasp) | |
grip | rop- | v | NL < all major dialects “rok-” (seize, grasp, grip) < MERP melted with Primitive Elvish “RAPH” (seize, grab, snatch) to avoid confusion with HG “rok” < SV “rock” (rag) and get rid of possible Albanian cognate “rrokje”; resemblance with English “to rob” is accidental or through Primitive Elvish | |
grip | unral | n | NL < LOS “unr-” (to hold) | ручка двери, инструмента и т. п. |
group | srinkh- | v | LL (to gather) NL suggests fictional proto-word “skrinkht” to connect “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” with Sindarin “critha-” (reap) < Etym. “KIRIK” (gather, collect, reap), Primitive Elvish “k'rikta-” | to get together and sort; to gather in some order |
hack | krip | n | NL < Qenya “karpale” (a plucking, tucking, wrenching, deceiving, tricking) < early Primitive Elvish root “KṚPṚ” (to pluck) | a deceiving move |
hale | thrak- | v | TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; Etym. “TUK-” (bring, draw); Hurrian “thar-ik-” (to demand someone to send something) | |
hand | bazg | n | SV (hand, arm) | |
hand | nalg | n | SV | |
hand over | thubazg- | v | NL < “thu-” + SV “bazg-” (to hand over); changed to clarify the meaning | |
handle | unral | n | NL < LOS “unr-” (to hold) | ручка двери, инструмента и т. п. |
handy | bazgûrz | adj | NL < SV, see “bazg”, “bazg-” | calque of English “handy” |
hang | runk- | v | LOS < MB (“rûng-” ?) | |
hang (on) | hinb- | v | NL < Quenya “him” (to adhere), “himba” (sticking, adhering) < Etym. “KHIM” | use with objects in Allative case; passive voice modifies the meaning to “stick by” |
hew | dramp- | v | Noldorin “dram” (heavy stroke, heavy blow), “drafn” (hewn log) < Etym. “DARÁM” (beat, hew, batter, thud) | |
hit | fulk- | v | HG, probably from SV “flak-” < MERP (to throw) < Albanian | |
hit | grush- | v | LOS, SV, MERP | |
hold | fîth- | v | LOS | also military term |
hold | unr- | v | LOS, HG; compare with Gnomish “unc” (handle, ear of a jar) | only literally — in hand |
hold (fast) | mank- | v | NL < Qenya “makte” (hold, grip), Gnomish “manc” (grip, grasp, hold) (n), “manca” (to grab, seize) < Primitive Elvish “MAHA” (grasp) | |
holder | unral | n | NL < LOS “unr-” (to hold) | ручка двери, инструмента и т. п. |
hurl | af- | v | LOS | |
hurt | fulk- | v | HG, probably from SV “flak-” < MERP (to throw) < Albanian | |
indue | throg- | v | NL, merging TK “thrak-” (to bring, drag), NL “thrag-” (to bring, carry), Qenya “toqo-” (to yield, give, bring forth, bear) (mostly about childbirth and harvest), to connect with NL “throk” (food) < SV “throkh-” (to eat) | may refer to childbirth and harvest; indirect object in Dative case в т.ч. приносить урожай, потомство |
inscribe | zarb- | v | NL < Khuzdul “ZRB” | |
jab | hât- | v | NL < SV, MERP “hashat” (spear) + all DBS dialects “shatîg-” (to press, push, weigh down) < MERP, probably from Albanian “shtyj” or Quenya “sahtië” (pressure, forcing); compare with Noldorin “had” (to hurl), Gnomish “hada” (to throw, aim at), “hant” (throw, cast), “hantha” (to fling, hurl), Quenya “hatal” (spear) < Etym. “KHAT” (to hurl) | |
job | bul | n | NL < DS (PO) “bulu” < Quenya “mólë” (n) < Etym. (AC) “(M)BOL”? | |
keep | fîth- | v | LOS | also military term |
kidnap | mraf- | v | NL < merging Quenya “arpo” (seizer, thief), Middle Quenya “raf-” (snatch, seize) < Primitive Elvish “RAPH” (to seize, grab, snatch) with Middle Quenya “mapa” (to grasp, seize), Qenya “(a)mapta” (to ravish, seize and carry off forcibly) < Primitive Elvish “MAP”, “MAPA”, “NAPA” (to lay hold of with hand, seize) | to seize and carry off person forcibly похищать, уносить людей против их воли |
knob | unral | n | NL < LOS “unr-” (to hold) | ручка двери, инструмента и т. п. |
labour | bul | n | NL < DS (PO) “bulu” < Quenya “mólë” (n) < Etym. (AC) “(M)BOL”? | |
labour | draz | n | NL, merging Gnomish “drab”, Noldorin “drauth” < Primitive Elvish “rapa-” (drag, pull) with Noldorin “tars”, “tass” < Etym. “TARAS” (trouble) and with Etym. “TÁRAG”, Primitive Elvish “targâ-” (tough, stiff, difficult) | with suffix “-urm” becomes “tiredness”, “weariness”; uncountable |
lay | gaith- | v | NL, merging LOS “urgai-” < SV with Noldorin “gartha” (to set, put in position, appoint) and Quenya “caita” (to lay smth.) < Etym. “KAY” | |
lever | unral | n | NL < LOS “unr-” (to hold) | ручка двери, инструмента и т. п. |
lift | tulk- | v | LOS < SV | move another object up |
lug | sûh- | v | NL < DS (Moria) “sû” < DS (PO) “tugu” < Middle-Quenya “tuk-” (to draw, pull behind) | also about weapon |
lug | unral | n | NL < LOS “unr-” (to hold) | ручка двери, инструмента и т. п. |
maintain | kôb- | v | NL, merging HG “kûb-” (to keep, store) with Sindarin “heb-” (to keep) < root “KHEP” (to retain, keep) | |
make choice | gobh- | v | NL, merging HG “gaush-” < MERP (finger) < Albanian with EH “gorb-” < Etym. “KIL” and with Primitive Elvish roots “KYAW” (choose, select) and “KYAB” (taste) | |
make gift | throg- | v | NL, merging TK “thrak-” (to bring, drag), NL “thrag-” (to bring, carry), Qenya “toqo-” (to yield, give, bring forth, bear) (mostly about childbirth and harvest), to connect with NL “throk” (food) < SV “throkh-” (to eat) | may refer to childbirth and harvest; indirect object in Dative case в т.ч. приносить урожай, потомство |
mop (up) | thig- | v | NL < LOS “thag-” < SV, MERP < Albanian “thaj” (to dry); changed to avoid ambiguity with HORN (“ten”) and DS (“more”) and get rid of Albanian cognate; compare with Gnomish “thisc” (adj), “thista-”, “suitha-” (v); see also “thizg” | clean dry |
nab | mraf- | v | NL < merging Quenya “arpo” (seizer, thief), Middle Quenya “raf-” (snatch, seize) < Primitive Elvish “RAPH” (to seize, grab, snatch) with Middle Quenya “mapa” (to grasp, seize), Qenya “(a)mapta” (to ravish, seize and carry off forcibly) < Primitive Elvish “MAP”, “MAPA”, “NAPA” (to lay hold of with hand, seize) | to seize and carry off person forcibly похищать, уносить людей против их воли |
near at hand | bazgûrz | adj | NL < SV, see “bazg”, “bazg-” | calque of English “handy” |
nip | rikh- | v | NL < Etym. “RIK(H)” (jerk, sudden move, flirt); compare with Quenya “rinca”, “rihta” (to jerk, give quick twist or move, twitch), Noldorin “rhinc” (twitch, jerk, trick, sudden move), “rhintha” (to jerk, twitch, snatch) | quick tricky twisting move |
open | badz- | v | LOS < HG; probably from Early Quenya “patsima” (wide open, adj.) | |
order | srinkh- | v | LL (to gather) NL suggests fictional proto-word “skrinkht” to connect “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” with Sindarin “critha-” (reap) < Etym. “KIRIK” (gather, collect, reap), Primitive Elvish “k'rikta-” | to get together and sort; to gather in some order |
organize | srinkh- | v | LL (to gather) NL suggests fictional proto-word “skrinkht” to connect “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” with Sindarin “critha-” (reap) < Etym. “KIRIK” (gather, collect, reap), Primitive Elvish “k'rikta-” | to get together and sort; to gather in some order |
pack | shrakh- | v | all major dialects < SV NL suggests fictional proto-word “skrinkht” to connect “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” with Sindarin “critha-” (reap) < Etym. “KIRIK” (gather, collect, reap), Primitive Elvish “k'rikta-” | |
palm | nalg | n | SV | |
pick | gobh- | v | NL, merging HG “gaush-” < MERP (finger) < Albanian with EH “gorb-” < Etym. “KIL” and with Primitive Elvish roots “KYAW” (choose, select) and “KYAB” (taste) | |
pick (up) | shrakh- | v | all major dialects < SV NL suggests fictional proto-word “skrinkht” to connect “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” with Sindarin “critha-” (reap) < Etym. “KIRIK” (gather, collect, reap), Primitive Elvish “k'rikta-” | |
pinch | rikh- | v | NL < Etym. “RIK(H)” (jerk, sudden move, flirt); compare with Quenya “rinca”, “rihta” (to jerk, give quick twist or move, twitch), Noldorin “rhinc” (twitch, jerk, trick, sudden move), “rhintha” (to jerk, twitch, snatch) | quick tricky twisting move |
place | gaith- | v | NL, merging LOS “urgai-” < SV with Noldorin “gartha” (to set, put in position, appoint) and Quenya “caita” (to lay smth.) < Etym. “KAY” | |
pluck | krip | n | NL < Qenya “karpale” (a plucking, tucking, wrenching, deceiving, tricking) < early Primitive Elvish root “KṚPṚ” (to pluck) | a deceiving move |
poke | hât- | v | NL < SV, MERP “hashat” (spear) + all DBS dialects “shatîg-” (to press, push, weigh down) < MERP, probably from Albanian “shtyj” or Quenya “sahtië” (pressure, forcing); compare with Noldorin “had” (to hurl), Gnomish “hada” (to throw, aim at), “hant” (throw, cast), “hantha” (to fling, hurl), Quenya “hatal” (spear) < Etym. “KHAT” (to hurl) | |
pound | sud- | v | HG, probably from SV “shatûp” (to crush, destroy, shatter) < Albanian “shtyp” | damage with heavy weight to flat or small pieces |
press | sang- | v | NL < Quenya “sanga” (crowd, press, throng)(n), “sangië” (necessity, pressure, tribulation), Sindarin “thang” (oppression) < Etym. “STA(N)G” (press) | |
pull | sûh- | v | NL < DS (Moria) “sû” < DS (PO) “tugu” < Middle-Quenya “tuk-” (to draw, pull behind) | also about weapon |
punch | grush- | v | LOS, SV, MERP | |
push | hât- | v | NL < SV, MERP “hashat” (spear) + all DBS dialects “shatîg-” (to press, push, weigh down) < MERP, probably from Albanian “shtyj” or Quenya “sahtië” (pressure, forcing); compare with Noldorin “had” (to hurl), Gnomish “hada” (to throw, aim at), “hant” (throw, cast), “hantha” (to fling, hurl), Quenya “hatal” (spear) < Etym. “KHAT” (to hurl) | |
put | gaith- | v | NL, merging LOS “urgai-” < SV with Noldorin “gartha” (to set, put in position, appoint) and Quenya “caita” (to lay smth.) < Etym. “KAY” | |
put off | gaig- | v | NL, merging “gaith-” (to put) with “hôgh-” (discard); see corresponding articles | add perfective ending “-ûk” for meanings “undress”, “strip” |
put up | shrakh- | v | all major dialects < SV NL suggests fictional proto-word “skrinkht” to connect “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” with Sindarin “critha-” (reap) < Etym. “KIRIK” (gather, collect, reap), Primitive Elvish “k'rikta-” | |
quake | girth- | v | NL < merging LOS “gûr-” < SV with Noldorin “giri” (to shudder), “girith” (shuddering, horror) < Etym. “GIR” (quiver, shudder) | can be used both transitive and intransitive |
quiver | girth- | v | NL < merging LOS “gûr-” < SV with Noldorin “giri” (to shudder), “girith” (shuddering, horror) < Etym. “GIR” (quiver, shudder) | can be used both transitive and intransitive |
raise | tulk- | v | LOS < SV | move another object up |
ravish | mraf- | v | NL < merging Quenya “arpo” (seizer, thief), Middle Quenya “raf-” (snatch, seize) < Primitive Elvish “RAPH” (to seize, grab, snatch) with Middle Quenya “mapa” (to grasp, seize), Qenya “(a)mapta” (to ravish, seize and carry off forcibly) < Primitive Elvish “MAP”, “MAPA”, “NAPA” (to lay hold of with hand, seize) | to seize and carry off person forcibly похищать, уносить людей против их воли |
reach | bazg- | v | LOS < SV (“hand”. n.) | use with objects in Allative case |
reach | bazgurm | n | NL < SV, see “bazg”, “bazg-” | a distance to which a person could touch with their hand; uncountable расстояние, область до которой можно дотянуться рукой |
reel | nazh- | v | SV “nazh-” (to turn, screw with tools), LOS “naz-” (to spin) < MB; compare with “nazg” | |
reject | hôgh- | v | NL < Quenya “hehta”, Telerin “hecta” < root “HEK” (aside, apart, separate); compare with “hîg-” | |
remove (clothes) | gaig- | v | NL, merging “gaith-” (to put) with “hôgh-” (discard); see corresponding articles | add perfective ending “-ûk” for meanings “undress”, “strip” |
reveal | badz- | v | LOS < HG; probably from Early Quenya “patsima” (wide open, adj.) | |
revolve | nazh- | v | SV “nazh-” (to turn, screw with tools), LOS “naz-” (to spin) < MB; compare with “nazg” | |
rip | khor- | v | HG < LOS “khûr-” < Middle-Quenya “hyar” (to cleave)? | |
roll | nazh- | v | SV “nazh-” (to turn, screw with tools), LOS “naz-” (to spin) < MB; compare with “nazg” | |
rotate | nazh- | v | SV “nazh-” (to turn, screw with tools), LOS “naz-” (to spin) < MB; compare with “nazg” | |
rub | krûf- | v | LOS < SV, MB “krûv-” (to rub, polish, file) | |
ruse | krip | n | NL < Qenya “karpale” (a plucking, tucking, wrenching, deceiving, tricking) < early Primitive Elvish root “KṚPṚ” (to pluck) | a deceiving move |
scatter | bûsn- | v | SV | to move smth./self onto all directions, over huge area, etc. двигать(ся) в разные стороны, по большой территории и т. п. |
scratch | shrip- | v | NL < Etym. “SRIP” | |
seize | rop- | v | NL < all major dialects “rok-” (seize, grasp, grip) < MERP melted with Primitive Elvish “RAPH” (seize, grab, snatch) to avoid confusion with HG “rok” < SV “rock” (rag) and get rid of possible Albanian cognate “rrokje”; resemblance with English “to rob” is accidental or through Primitive Elvish | |
select | gobh- | v | NL, merging HG “gaush-” < MERP (finger) < Albanian with EH “gorb-” < Etym. “KIL” and with Primitive Elvish roots “KYAW” (choose, select) and “KYAB” (taste) | |
send | hîst- | v | LOS; compare with “hîs” (quick) | also “to ship” (e.g. parcel) |
set up | gaith- | v | NL, merging LOS “urgai-” < SV with Noldorin “gartha” (to set, put in position, appoint) and Quenya “caita” (to lay smth.) < Etym. “KAY” | |
sever | khor- | v | HG < LOS “khûr-” < Middle-Quenya “hyar” (to cleave)? | |
sew (clothes) | hluth- | v | NL < LOS “hlu-” < MB and SV (to stick, knit); changed according to Nûrlâm rules; compare also with LOS “hluth” (flag, banner) and SV “hluthrum” (cloth) | |
shake | girth- | v | NL < merging LOS “gûr-” < SV with Noldorin “giri” (to shudder), “girith” (shuddering, horror) < Etym. “GIR” (quiver, shudder) | can be used both transitive and intransitive |
shroud | fragh- | v | NL, merging Gnomish “brach” (a shawl, plaid, wrap), “braitha” (to wrap) with Primitive Elvish root “VAẎA” (to enfold) | |
shudder | girth- | v | NL < merging LOS “gûr-” < SV with Noldorin “giri” (to shudder), “girith” (shuddering, horror) < Etym. “GIR” (quiver, shudder) | can be used both transitive and intransitive |
slash | grish- | v | TK, DBS, LOTR, PN “Grishnákh”; ? Etym. “KIRIS”, “RIS” (cut), compare with Sindarin “criss” | |
slice | grish- | v | TK, DBS, LOTR, PN “Grishnákh”; ? Etym. “KIRIS”, “RIS” (cut), compare with Sindarin “criss” | |
slide | tât- | v | NL < Noldorin “talt”, Quenya “talta-” (verb) < Etym. “TALAT” | |
slip | tât- | v | NL < Noldorin “talt”, Quenya “talta-” (verb) < Etym. “TALAT” | |
smite | fulk- | v | HG, probably from SV “flak-” < MERP (to throw) < Albanian | |
snatch | mraf- | v | NL < merging Quenya “arpo” (seizer, thief), Middle Quenya “raf-” (snatch, seize) < Primitive Elvish “RAPH” (to seize, grab, snatch) with Middle Quenya “mapa” (to grasp, seize), Qenya “(a)mapta” (to ravish, seize and carry off forcibly) < Primitive Elvish “MAP”, “MAPA”, “NAPA” (to lay hold of with hand, seize) | to seize and carry off person forcibly похищать, уносить людей против их воли |
snatch | rikh- | v | NL < Etym. “RIK(H)” (jerk, sudden move, flirt); compare with Quenya “rinca”, “rihta” (to jerk, give quick twist or move, twitch), Noldorin “rhinc” (twitch, jerk, trick, sudden move), “rhintha” (to jerk, twitch, snatch) | quick tricky twisting move |
sort | srinkh- | v | LL (to gather) NL suggests fictional proto-word “skrinkht” to connect “shrakh-” and “srinkh-” with Sindarin “critha-” (reap) < Etym. “KIRIK” (gather, collect, reap), Primitive Elvish “k'rikta-” | to get together and sort; to gather in some order |
spin | nazh- | v | SV “nazh-” (to turn, screw with tools), LOS “naz-” (to spin) < MB; compare with “nazg” | |
spread | bûsn- | v | SV | to move smth./self onto all directions, over huge area, etc. двигать(ся) в разные стороны, по большой территории и т. п. |
squeeze | sang- | v | NL < Quenya “sanga” (crowd, press, throng)(n), “sangië” (necessity, pressure, tribulation), Sindarin “thang” (oppression) < Etym. “STA(N)G” (press) | |
stab | ak- | v | LOS < Quenya “ecet” (short stabbing sword) | |
stick (to) | hinb- | v | NL < Quenya “him” (to adhere), “himba” (sticking, adhering) < Etym. “KHIM” | use with objects in Allative case; passive voice modifies the meaning to “stick by” |
stitch | hluth- | v | NL < LOS “hlu-” < MB and SV (to stick, knit); changed according to Nûrlâm rules; compare also with LOS “hluth” (flag, banner) and SV “hluthrum” (cloth) | |
strangle | strakh- | v | SV, HG | transitive |
stratagem | krip | n | NL < Qenya “karpale” (a plucking, tucking, wrenching, deceiving, tricking) < early Primitive Elvish root “KṚPṚ” (to pluck) | a deceiving move |
stretch (to) | bazg- | v | LOS < SV (“hand”. n.) | use with objects in Allative case |
strew | bûsn- | v | SV | to move smth./self onto all directions, over huge area, etc. двигать(ся) в разные стороны, по большой территории и т. п. |
strike | drîg- | v | NL < Noldorin “dringa” (to beat, strike) < Etym. “DRING”, e.g. in sword name “Glamdring” aka “Foe-hammer”, called “Beater” by goblins; see also “drang” | |
strike | fulk- | v | HG, probably from SV “flak-” < MERP (to throw) < Albanian | |
strike | grush- | v | LOS, SV, MERP | |
strip | gaig- | v | NL, merging “gaith-” (to put) with “hôgh-” (discard); see corresponding articles | add perfective ending “-ûk” for meanings “undress”, “strip” |
submit (message) | hîst- | v | LOS; compare with “hîs” (quick) | also “to ship” (e.g. parcel) |
support | kôb- | v | NL, merging HG “kûb-” (to keep, store) with Sindarin “heb-” (to keep) < root “KHEP” (to retain, keep) | |
swaddle | fragh- | v | NL, merging Gnomish “brach” (a shawl, plaid, wrap), “braitha” (to wrap) with Primitive Elvish root “VAẎA” (to enfold) | |
swathe | fragh- | v | NL, merging Gnomish “brach” (a shawl, plaid, wrap), “braitha” (to wrap) with Primitive Elvish root “VAẎA” (to enfold) | |
sweep (the dust) | bhig- | v | NL < Gnomish “fweg” (broom) | |
take | nork- | v | LOS | |
take off (clothes) | gaig- | v | NL, merging “gaith-” (to put) with “hôgh-” (discard); see corresponding articles | add perfective ending “-ûk” for meanings “undress”, “strip” |
task | bul | n | NL < DS (PO) “bulu” < Quenya “mólë” (n) < Etym. (AC) “(M)BOL”? | |
tear | khor- | v | HG < LOS “khûr-” < Middle-Quenya “hyar” (to cleave)? | |
throttle | strakh- | v | SV, HG | transitive |
throw | af- | v | LOS | |
throw (away) | hôgh- | v | NL < Quenya “hehta”, Telerin “hecta” < root “HEK” (aside, apart, separate); compare with “hîg-” | |
thrust | hât- | v | NL < SV, MERP “hashat” (spear) + all DBS dialects “shatîg-” (to press, push, weigh down) < MERP, probably from Albanian “shtyj” or Quenya “sahtië” (pressure, forcing); compare with Noldorin “had” (to hurl), Gnomish “hada” (to throw, aim at), “hant” (throw, cast), “hantha” (to fling, hurl), Quenya “hatal” (spear) < Etym. “KHAT” (to hurl) | |
thud | dramp- | v | Noldorin “dram” (heavy stroke, heavy blow), “drafn” (hewn log) < Etym. “DARÁM” (beat, hew, batter, thud) | |
tickle | tizg- | v | NL < Gnomish “tisca” < Primitive Elvish root “KITI” | |
tie | krimp- | v | TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; ? Quenya “remba” (to net, entrap) | |
toil | draz | n | NL, merging Gnomish “drab”, Noldorin “drauth” < Primitive Elvish “rapa-” (drag, pull) with Noldorin “tars”, “tass” < Etym. “TARAS” (trouble) and with Etym. “TÁRAG”, Primitive Elvish “targâ-” (tough, stiff, difficult) | with suffix “-urm” becomes “tiredness”, “weariness”; uncountable |
toil | snag- | v | LOS, see “Snaga” | slang word for hard work |
toss | af- | v | LOS | |
touch | bazg- | v | LOS < SV (“hand”. n.) | use with objects in Allative case |
touch | graur- | v | LOS < MB | |
transmit | hîst- | v | LOS; compare with “hîs” (quick) | also “to ship” (e.g. parcel) |
tremble | girth- | v | NL < merging LOS “gûr-” < SV with Noldorin “giri” (to shudder), “girith” (shuddering, horror) < Etym. “GIR” (quiver, shudder) | can be used both transitive and intransitive |
tribute | throg- | v | NL, merging TK “thrak-” (to bring, drag), NL “thrag-” (to bring, carry), Qenya “toqo-” (to yield, give, bring forth, bear) (mostly about childbirth and harvest), to connect with NL “throk” (food) < SV “throkh-” (to eat) | may refer to childbirth and harvest; indirect object in Dative case в т.ч. приносить урожай, потомство |
trick | krip | n | NL < Qenya “karpale” (a plucking, tucking, wrenching, deceiving, tricking) < early Primitive Elvish root “KṚPṚ” (to pluck) | a deceiving move |
turn | nazh- | v | SV “nazh-” (to turn, screw with tools), LOS “naz-” (to spin) < MB; compare with “nazg” | |
tweak | rikh- | v | NL < Etym. “RIK(H)” (jerk, sudden move, flirt); compare with Quenya “rinca”, “rihta” (to jerk, give quick twist or move, twitch), Noldorin “rhinc” (twitch, jerk, trick, sudden move), “rhintha” (to jerk, twitch, snatch) | quick tricky twisting move |
twist | krip | n | NL < Qenya “karpale” (a plucking, tucking, wrenching, deceiving, tricking) < early Primitive Elvish root “KṚPṚ” (to pluck) | a deceiving move |
twitch | rikh- | v | NL < Etym. “RIK(H)” (jerk, sudden move, flirt); compare with Quenya “rinca”, “rihta” (to jerk, give quick twist or move, twitch), Noldorin “rhinc” (twitch, jerk, trick, sudden move), “rhintha” (to jerk, twitch, snatch) | quick tricky twisting move |
uncover | badz- | v | LOS < HG; probably from Early Quenya “patsima” (wide open, adj.) | |
undress | gaig- | v | NL, merging “gaith-” (to put) with “hôgh-” (discard); see corresponding articles | add perfective ending “-ûk” for meanings “undress”, “strip” |
upkeep | kôb- | v | NL, merging HG “kûb-” (to keep, store) with Sindarin “heb-” (to keep) < root “KHEP” (to retain, keep) | |
wash | yol- | v | NL < Sindarin “iôl” | clean with water |
wear | kol- | v | LOS (to carry) < Quenya “col-” (to bear, carry, wear) | carry the object, wear a cloth, endure some trouble |
weigh down | sang- | v | NL < Quenya “sanga” (crowd, press, throng)(n), “sangië” (necessity, pressure, tribulation), Sindarin “thang” (oppression) < Etym. “STA(N)G” (press) | |
wind (around) | fragh- | v | NL, merging Gnomish “brach” (a shawl, plaid, wrap), “braitha” (to wrap) with Primitive Elvish root “VAẎA” (to enfold) | |
wipe | thig- | v | NL < LOS “thag-” < SV, MERP < Albanian “thaj” (to dry); changed to avoid ambiguity with HORN (“ten”) and DS (“more”) and get rid of Albanian cognate; compare with Gnomish “thisc” (adj), “thista-”, “suitha-” (v); see also “thizg” | clean dry |
within (easy) reach | bazgûrz | adj | NL < SV, see “bazg”, “bazg-” | calque of English “handy” |
within touch | bazgûrz | adj | NL < SV, see “bazg”, “bazg-” | calque of English “handy” |
work | bul | n | NL < DS (PO) “bulu” < Quenya “mólë” (n) < Etym. (AC) “(M)BOL”? | |
work | bul- | v | NL < DS (PO) “bulu” < Quenya “mólë” (n) < Etym. “MBOL”? | |
work hard | snag- | v | LOS, see “Snaga” | slang word for hard work |
wrap | fragh- | v | NL, merging Gnomish “brach” (a shawl, plaid, wrap), “braitha” (to wrap) with Primitive Elvish root “VAẎA” (to enfold) | |
write | zarb- | v | NL < Khuzdul “ZRB” | |
yield | throg- | v | NL, merging TK “thrak-” (to bring, drag), NL “thrag-” (to bring, carry), Qenya “toqo-” (to yield, give, bring forth, bear) (mostly about childbirth and harvest), to connect with NL “throk” (food) < SV “throkh-” (to eat) | may refer to childbirth and harvest; indirect object in Dative case в т.ч. приносить урожай, потомство |