This page will contain list of words for directions of movement. Some of these words may be also related to distance.
English | Nûrlâm | Part of speech | Etymology | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|
(far) away | baubarz | adv | HG “baub” (cf.) | only as standalone adverb |
(to the) inside | ishi | postp | TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; Quenya locative case ending “-ssë” | Illative case suffix. Motion inside place or object |
above | ghu | adv | NL < DS “ghûr-” (BS, to rise), “ghûr” (SOW, tall) < Sindarin PN “Belegûr” (Mighty Arising), translation of name Melkor, however it should be splitted as “beleg” + “ōre” < Etym. “ORO” (up, high, rise), “RŌ” (to rise); modified in analogy with HG “dhu” (down) | only as standalone adverb, see “tala” for preposition |
above | tala | prep | EL; ? probably from Etym. “TÂ, TAGH-” (high, lofty) or “TALAM” (floor, base) or “DAL” (flat) | use with objects in accusative case |
across | as | postp | LOS | use with object in accusative case |
afar | baubarz | adv | HG “baub” (cf.) | only as standalone adverb |
after (place) | it | postp, adv | LOS | use with objects in genitive case |
ahead | dro | adv, prefix | NL < Gnomish “nodro” (further, forward) or LOS “ord” (forward) < HG written reversed | only as standalone adverb, see “dro” (n) for directional phrases similar to English “on” in phrasal verbs like “keep on”, “come on”, “go on” |
align | gaith- (…) ting-ishi | expr | lit. “to put in line, row”; see “gaith-”, “ting”, “ishi” | |
align | ting- | v | NL < Noldorin “tî” < Etym. “TEÑ” (line, row) | |
along | as | postp | NL < LOS “as” (across, through) | use with object in accusative case |
along | ulmakh | prep, adv | SV | not recommended, use “as” instead; use with objects in accusative case |
alongside | ulmakh | prep, adv | SV | not recommended, use “as” instead; use with objects in accusative case |
amidst | ri | postp | LOS | intrative case suffix |
among | ri | postp | LOS | intrative case suffix |
amongst | ri | postp | LOS | intrative case suffix |
anterior | dromûrz | adj | NL < “drom” < “dro” | use superlative form to clarify meanings like “foremost”, “headmost” |
anywhere | inkon | pro | NL, see “in” and “kon” | |
apex | maizg | n | NL, merging MERP “maj” (top) < Albanian with Qenya “aikale”, “aikasse”, Noldorin “oegas”, “aiglir” (mountain peak) < Etym. “AYAK” (sharp); compare with “maig” | upper point of mountain, structure |
around (place) | kurn | postp | LOS < Quenya “corna” (round, adj.) < Etym. “KOR” | use with objects in accusative case; add suffix “-arz” to transform into adverb |
as far as | zash baubarz zash | expr | see “zash”, “baub” | |
at | ir | postp | LOS | adessive case suffix; denotes static presence at/on surface; not about time |
at | or | postp | LOS | Inessive case suffix, static presence; only about space in Standard Nûrlâm; in colloquial speech preposition “shi” is used |
at | r | postp | LOS “ir”, “or” | adessive or inessive case suffix after vowel in colloquial speech; denotes static presence at or inside object |
at | shi | prep | LOS | only about exact time in Standard Nûrlâm, may refer to place in colloquial speech |
at | zir | postp | LOS “ir” | adessive case suffix after vowel; denotes static presence at/on surface |
at | zor | postp | LOS “or” | Inessive case suffix after vowel, static presence |
atop | tala | prep | EL; ? probably from Etym. “TÂ, TAGH-” (high, lofty) or “TALAM” (floor, base) or “DAL” (flat) | use with objects in accusative case |
away from | bo | postp | LOS < HG | ablative case suffix; denotes motion from surface |
awayness | baub | n | HG (prep) | see also “gâb” |
back | krûmûrz | adj | NL, see “krûm” | use superlative suffix to clarify meanings like “rearmost”, “sternmost” |
back (part, side) | krûm | n | NL < LOS “krum”, changed to avoid ambiguity with suffix “-um”; see also “krut” | |
backward | krûmûrz | adj | NL, see “krûm” | use superlative suffix to clarify meanings like “rearmost”, “sternmost” |
before (place) | ik | postp | LOS | use with objects in genitive case |
behind | it | postp, adv | LOS | use with objects in genitive case |
below | lata | prep | EL, the word “tala” reversed or Etym. “LAD”, “LAT” (flat) | use with objects in accusative case |
beneath | lata | prep | EL, the word “tala” reversed or Etym. “LAD”, “LAT” (flat) | use with objects in accusative case |
between | ri | postp | LOS | intrative case suffix |
beyond | ithu | prep | NL, merging LOS “it” + LOS “thu” + HG “izu” | use with objects in genitive case |
border | shak | n | ZA; compare with Sindarin “taeg” (boundary, limit) < Primitive Elvish “taika” | |
bottom | latr | n | NL < EL “lata” (under); also Etym. “LAT”, “LAD”, Primitive Elvish “lařa”, root “LAÐA” all meaning “open”, “wide” | |
by (place) | as | postp | NL < LOS “as” (across, through) | use with object in accusative case |
by the way | iskri | conj, pro | see “isk”, “ri” | literally “between the other things” |
by the way | mush mûlu | expr | see “mush”, “mûl” | |
by the way | mûlarz | adv | see “mush”, “mûl” | literally “roadly” |
center | nod | n | NL < Quenya “endë”, Sindarin “enedh”, “enaid”, Noldorin “ened” < Etym. “ÉNED”, “NÉD” | |
centre | nod | n | NL < Quenya “endë”, Sindarin “enedh”, “enaid”, Noldorin “ened” < Etym. “ÉNED”, “NÉD” | |
chain (of events, people) | hîlurm | n | NL, see “hîl-” | |
climb (down) | dhut- | v | NL, merging HG “dhu” (downward) with Quenya “núya” (to descend), “núta” (to lower) < Etym. “NDU” | move down on ground, in air, but not in water |
close | mûsh | adj | NL, see “mush”, revert to original SV word | |
closeness | mush | n | LOS (“nearly”) < MB, SV “mûsh” (close, next to, near, at) | |
column | shalg | n | NL, merging LOS “shalk”< SV with ZA “shak” (line); probably related to TK DBS “sha”; compare with ZA “shâlkshur” (line-up, formation, arrangement) | a line of people |
come down | dhut- | v | NL, merging HG “dhu” (downward) with Quenya “núya” (to descend), “núta” (to lower) < Etym. “NDU” | move down on ground, in air, but not in water |
consecution | hîlurm | n | NL, see “hîl-” | |
core | nod | n | NL < Quenya “endë”, Sindarin “enedh”, “enaid”, Noldorin “ened” < Etym. “ÉNED”, “NÉD” | |
descend | dhut- | v | NL, merging HG “dhu” (downward) with Quenya “núya” (to descend), “núta” (to lower) < Etym. “NDU” | move down on ground, in air, but not in water |
disperse | bûsn- | v | SV | to move smth./self onto all directions, over huge area, etc. двигать(ся) в разные стороны, по большой территории и т. п. |
distant | baubûrz | adj | HG “baub” (cf.) | |
down | dhu | adv | HG (downward); compare with Etym. “NDU” (go down, sink) from which PN “Númenór” came (sink > sunset > West > West-land), also “NŪ”, “UNU” (down, underneath) | |
down | latr | n | NL < EL “lata” (under); also Etym. “LAT”, “LAD”, Primitive Elvish “lařa”, root “LAÐA” all meaning “open”, “wide” | |
downwards | dhu | adv | HG (downward); compare with Etym. “NDU” (go down, sink) from which PN “Númenór” came (sink > sunset > West > West-land), also “NŪ”, “UNU” (down, underneath) | |
East | ghânsh | n | LOS < HG “ghân”, probably to make connection with “ghâsh” (fire, heat) of the Sun | uncountable |
elsewhere | inisk | pro | NL, see “in” and “isk” | |
enclosure | lût | n | LOS (“out of”) | |
end | nau | n | LOS | |
everywhere | inûgh | pro | NL, see “in” and “ûgh” | |
exterior | lût | n | LOS (“out of”) | |
far | baubûrz | adj | HG “baub” (cf.) | |
far (away) | baubarz | adv | HG “baub” (cf.) | only as standalone adverb |
far (from) | baub | postp | HG | use with nouns in Ablative |
farness | baub | n | HG (prep) | see also “gâb” |
file (of people) | shalg | n | NL, merging LOS “shalk”< SV with ZA “shak” (line); probably related to TK DBS “sha”; compare with ZA “shâlkshur” (line-up, formation, arrangement) | a line of people |
flank | ramb | n | ZA | |
follow | hîl- | v | LOS < Quenya “hilya” < Etym. “KHIL”; probably Tolkien's pun on English “heel” | |
footprint | rîn | n | NL < Noldorin “rhein”, Quenya “runya” | |
fore | dromûrz | adj | NL < “drom” < “dro” | use superlative form to clarify meanings like “foremost”, “headmost” |
fore- | dro | adv, prefix | NL < Gnomish “nodro” (further, forward) or LOS “ord” (forward) < HG written reversed | only as standalone adverb, see “dro” (n) for directional phrases similar to English “on” in phrasal verbs like “keep on”, “come on”, “go on” |
foremost | dromûrz | adj | NL < “drom” < “dro” | use superlative form to clarify meanings like “foremost”, “headmost” |
forepart | drom | n | NL, see “dro” | |
forth | dro | adv, prefix | NL < Gnomish “nodro” (further, forward) or LOS “ord” (forward) < HG written reversed | only as standalone adverb, see “dro” (n) for directional phrases similar to English “on” in phrasal verbs like “keep on”, “come on”, “go on” |
forward | dro | adv, prefix | NL < Gnomish “nodro” (further, forward) or LOS “ord” (forward) < HG written reversed | only as standalone adverb, see “dro” (n) for directional phrases similar to English “on” in phrasal verbs like “keep on”, “come on”, “go on” |
forward | dromûrz | adj | NL < “drom” < “dro” | use superlative form to clarify meanings like “foremost”, “headmost” |
from (bottom to top) | ah | postp | NL < HG prefix “ah-” (he of, he from) | elative case suffix; denotes motion from inside |
from (bottom to top) | zah | postp | NL < HG prefix “ah-” (he of, he from) | elative case suffix after vowel; denotes motion from inside |
from (top to bottom) | bo | postp | LOS < HG | ablative case suffix; denotes motion from surface |
from inside | ah | postp | NL < HG prefix “ah-” (he of, he from) | elative case suffix; denotes motion from inside |
from inside | zah | postp | NL < HG prefix “ah-” (he of, he from) | elative case suffix after vowel; denotes motion from inside |
from outside of | bo | postp | LOS < HG | ablative case suffix; denotes motion from surface |
from that (place) | zîginah | pro | NL < “zîg” + “in” + “ah” (see corresponding articles) | only about location |
from that (time) | zîgilah | pro | NL < “zîg” + “in” + “ah” (see corresponding articles) | only about time; in Modern analytical style should be replaced with “lazil” or “ghâr zîgil” |
from there | zîginah | pro | NL < “zîg” + “in” + “ah” (see corresponding articles) | only about location |
from this place | zinah | pro | NL < “za” + “in” + “ah” (see corresponding articles) | only about direction |
from where | aminah | pro | NL, see “amin”, “ah” | 1) after location 2) between action and result 3) between reason and consequences |
front | dromûrz | adj | NL < “drom” < “dro” | use superlative form to clarify meanings like “foremost”, “headmost” |
front (side) | drom | n | NL, see “dro” | |
frontal | dromûrz | adj | NL < “drom” < “dro” | use superlative form to clarify meanings like “foremost”, “headmost” |
go down | dhut- | v | NL, merging HG “dhu” (downward) with Quenya “núya” (to descend), “núta” (to lower) < Etym. “NDU” | move down on ground, in air, but not in water |
headmost | dromûrz | adj | NL < “drom” < “dro” | use superlative form to clarify meanings like “foremost”, “headmost” |
heart (not literally) | nod | n | NL < Quenya “endë”, Sindarin “enedh”, “enaid”, Noldorin “ened” < Etym. “ÉNED”, “NÉD” | |
heel | hîl- | v | LOS < Quenya “hilya” < Etym. “KHIL”; probably Tolkien's pun on English “heel” | |
hence | zinah | pro | NL < “za” + “in” + “ah” (see corresponding articles) | only about direction |
here | pot | pro | SV, also “pôt-” (to come) | dialectical, only in Colloquial speech (“zin” in Standard language) |
here | zin | pro | NL < “za” + “in” (see corresponding articles) | |
hereto | zinu | pro | NL < “za” + “in” + “u” (see corresponding articles) | only about direction |
hind | krûm | n | NL < LOS “krum”, changed to avoid ambiguity with suffix “-um”; see also “krut” | |
hind | krûmûrz | adj | NL, see “krûm” | use superlative suffix to clarify meanings like “rearmost”, “sternmost” |
hither | zinu | pro | NL < “za” + “in” + “u” (see corresponding articles) | only about direction |
in | ishi | postp | TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; Quenya locative case ending “-ssë” | Illative case suffix. Motion inside place or object |
in | or | postp | LOS | Inessive case suffix, static presence; only about space in Standard Nûrlâm; in colloquial speech preposition “shi” is used |
in | r | postp | LOS “ir”, “or” | adessive or inessive case suffix after vowel in colloquial speech; denotes static presence at or inside object |
in | shi | postp | see “ishi” | Illative case suffix after vowel. Motion inside place, object or static presence inside one place |
in | shi | prep | LOS | only about exact time in Standard Nûrlâm, may refer to place in colloquial speech |
in | zor | postp | LOS “or” | Inessive case suffix after vowel, static presence |
in front of | ik | postp | LOS | use with objects in genitive case |
incidentally | mush mûlu | expr | see “mush”, “mûl” | |
incidentally | mûlarz | adv | see “mush”, “mûl” | literally “roadly” |
inside | nâd | adv | NL, merging MERP “nâdar” (amongst) < Albanian with Primitive Elvish “ndē̆” (inside) < Etym. (AC) “(N)DI”; see also “nod” | used only as standalone adverb; see “nâd” (n) for direction words |
inside | nâd | n | NL, merging MERP “nâdar” < Albanian with Primitive Elvish “ndē̆” (inside) < Etym. (AC) “(N)DI”; see also “nod” | in expressions “from inside” (with Ablative case, = “nâdbo”), “to the inside” (with Allative case, = “nâdu”), “at the inside” (with Adessive case, = ”nâdir”); may be replaced with one of these cases; uncountable |
inside | shi | postp | see “ishi” | Illative case suffix after vowel. Motion inside place, object or static presence inside one place |
interior | nâd | n | NL, merging MERP “nâdar” < Albanian with Primitive Elvish “ndē̆” (inside) < Etym. (AC) “(N)DI”; see also “nod” | in expressions “from inside” (with Ablative case, = “nâdbo”), “to the inside” (with Allative case, = “nâdu”), “at the inside” (with Adessive case, = ”nâdir”); may be replaced with one of these cases; uncountable |
into | ishi | postp | TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; Quenya locative case ending “-ssë” | Illative case suffix. Motion inside place or object |
into | shi | postp | see “ishi” | Illative case suffix after vowel. Motion inside place, object or static presence inside one place |
inwards | ishi | postp | TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; Quenya locative case ending “-ssë” | Illative case suffix. Motion inside place or object |
inwards | shi | postp | see “ishi” | Illative case suffix after vowel. Motion inside place, object or static presence inside one place |
knap | maizg | n | NL, merging MERP “maj” (top) < Albanian with Qenya “aikale”, “aikasse”, Noldorin “oegas”, “aiglir” (mountain peak) < Etym. “AYAK” (sharp); compare with “maig” | upper point of mountain, structure |
left (side) | farkh | n | LOS (adj) < SV “varch” | add -ûrz suffix to transform into adjective; use locative cases with noun to make it adverbial |
line | shak | n | ZA; compare with Sindarin “taeg” (boundary, limit) < Primitive Elvish “taika” | |
line | ting | n | NL < Noldorin “tî” < Etym. “TEÑ” (line, row) | |
line up | ting- | v | NL < Noldorin “tî” < Etym. “TEÑ” (line, row) | |
line(up) | shalg | n | NL, merging LOS “shalk”< SV with ZA “shak” (line); probably related to TK DBS “sha”; compare with ZA “shâlkshur” (line-up, formation, arrangement) | a line of people |
lineup | hîlurm | n | NL, see “hîl-” | |
local area | hof | n | NL, merging Sindarin “ephel” (outer fence, surrounding ring) < Noldorin “hebel” (fence) < Gnomish “heb” (around, about) with AO “oth” interpretated as “about, around” < Etym. “OS” | any territory in close proximity, not necessary outside the borders like “outskirts” or “suburb”; uncountable |
location | sazg | n | NL, merging Sindarin “sad” (place, spot) with LOS “stazg”< SV < Icelandic “staður”? | |
lower | dhut- | v | NL, merging HG “dhu” (downward) with Quenya “núya” (to descend), “núta” (to lower) < Etym. “NDU” | move down on ground, in air, but not in water |
middle | nod | n | NL < Quenya “endë”, Sindarin “enedh”, “enaid”, Noldorin “ened” < Etym. “ÉNED”, “NÉD” | |
near | mûsh | adj | NL, see “mush”, revert to original SV word | |
nearby (territory) | hof | n | NL, merging Sindarin “ephel” (outer fence, surrounding ring) < Noldorin “hebel” (fence) < Gnomish “heb” (around, about) with AO “oth” interpretated as “about, around” < Etym. “OS” | any territory in close proximity, not necessary outside the borders like “outskirts” or “suburb”; uncountable |
nearness | mush | n | LOS (“nearly”) < MB, SV “mûsh” (close, next to, near, at) | |
neighbour(hood) | hof | n | NL, merging Sindarin “ephel” (outer fence, surrounding ring) < Noldorin “hebel” (fence) < Gnomish “heb” (around, about) with AO “oth” interpretated as “about, around” < Etym. “OS” | any territory in close proximity, not necessary outside the borders like “outskirts” or “suburb”; uncountable |
nigh | mush | n | LOS (“nearly”) < MB, SV “mûsh” (close, next to, near, at) | |
nighness | mush | n | LOS (“nearly”) < MB, SV “mûsh” (close, next to, near, at) | |
North | ford | n | NL < Noldorin “forod” < Etym. “PHOR” (right-hand); compare with Quenya “forna”, Sindarin “forn”; compare with SV “vor” < MERP < Albanian “veri” | uncountable |
nowhere | narin | pro | NL, see “nar” and “in” | |
off | bo | postp | LOS < HG | ablative case suffix; denotes motion from surface |
on | ir | postp | LOS | adessive case suffix; denotes static presence at/on surface; not about time |
on | r | postp | LOS “ir”, “or” | adessive or inessive case suffix after vowel in colloquial speech; denotes static presence at or inside object |
on | zir | postp | LOS “ir” | adessive case suffix after vowel; denotes static presence at/on surface |
on top of | ir | postp | LOS | adessive case suffix; denotes static presence at/on surface; not about time |
on top of | r | postp | LOS “ir”, “or” | adessive or inessive case suffix after vowel in colloquial speech; denotes static presence at or inside object |
on top of | tala | prep | EL; ? probably from Etym. “TÂ, TAGH-” (high, lofty) or “TALAM” (floor, base) or “DAL” (flat) | use with objects in accusative case |
on top of | zir | postp | LOS “ir” | adessive case suffix after vowel; denotes static presence at/on surface |
onto | u | postp | TK, DBS, LOTR, OC; was used as preposition | allative case suffix |
onto | zu | postp | see “u” | allative case suffix after vowel |
opposite to (place) | bug | postp | MB, SV | more like adjective or adverb used together with objects in Allative case |
order | hîlurm | n | NL, see “hîl-” | |
out | idh | adv | NL < Quenya “etse”, “ette”, Qenya “eru”, “est”, Gnomish “ûthi” < Etym. “ET” (out, forth), Primitive Elvish root “EÐE” [1] | only as standalone adverb; for motion outwards use Elative or Ablative case |
out | lût | adv | LOS (“out of”) | unlike LOS, used only as standalone adverb; for expressions “from outside”, “to the outside” see “lût” (n) or just use Ablative or Allative cases |
out of | ah | postp | NL < HG prefix “ah-” (he of, he from) | elative case suffix; denotes motion from inside |
out of | zah | postp | NL < HG prefix “ah-” (he of, he from) | elative case suffix after vowel; denotes motion from inside |
outside | lût | adv | LOS (“out of”) | unlike LOS, used only as standalone adverb; for expressions “from outside”, “to the outside” see “lût” (n) or just use Ablative or Allative cases |
outside | lût | n | LOS (“out of”) | |
outskirts | hof | n | NL, merging Sindarin “ephel” (outer fence, surrounding ring) < Noldorin “hebel” (fence) < Gnomish “heb” (around, about) with AO “oth” interpretated as “about, around” < Etym. “OS” | any territory in close proximity, not necessary outside the borders like “outskirts” or “suburb”; uncountable |
outwards | idh | adv | NL < Quenya “etse”, “ette”, Qenya “eru”, “est”, Gnomish “ûthi” < Etym. “ET” (out, forth), Primitive Elvish root “EÐE” [1] | only as standalone adverb; for motion outwards use Elative or Ablative case |
over | tala | prep | EL; ? probably from Etym. “TÂ, TAGH-” (high, lofty) or “TALAM” (floor, base) or “DAL” (flat) | use with objects in accusative case |
over here | zinu | pro | NL < “za” + “in” + “u” (see corresponding articles) | only about direction |
over there | zîginal | pro, adv | NL, comparative of “zîgin”; see “zîg”, “in” | add locative case suffixes to indicate direction instead of static position для уточнения значения “вон туда” нужно использовать Аллативный падеж (-u) |
over there | zîginu | pro | NL < “zîg” + “in” + “-u” (see corresponding articles) | only about direction |
past (place) | as | postp | LOS | use with object in accusative case |
path | mong | n | DS; probably from Quenya and Sindarin “men” (way) | in Nûrlâm like any path (including hardly passable) |
path | mûl | n | LOS < Quenya “malle” (street, road) < “MBAL” | in Nûrlâm more like wide, easily visible path |
peak | maizg | n | NL, merging MERP “maj” (top) < Albanian with Qenya “aikale”, “aikasse”, Noldorin “oegas”, “aiglir” (mountain peak) < Etym. “AYAK” (sharp); compare with “maig” | upper point of mountain, structure |
pinnacle | maizg | n | NL, merging MERP “maj” (top) < Albanian with Qenya “aikale”, “aikasse”, Noldorin “oegas”, “aiglir” (mountain peak) < Etym. “AYAK” (sharp); compare with “maig” | upper point of mountain, structure |
place | in | n | NL < ? Qenya “erin” (v) (remains), however “-in” in Qenya is 3rd person suffix (changed to 1st person in later Quenya) | not “town place”; used as suffix in various relative and indefinite adverbs |
place | sazg | n | NL, merging Sindarin “sad” (place, spot) with LOS “stazg”< SV < Icelandic “staður”? | |
posterior | krûm | n | NL < LOS “krum”, changed to avoid ambiguity with suffix “-um”; see also “krut” | |
posterior | krûmûrz | adj | NL, see “krûm” | use superlative suffix to clarify meanings like “rearmost”, “sternmost” |
pro- | dro | adv, prefix | NL < Gnomish “nodro” (further, forward) or LOS “ord” (forward) < HG written reversed | only as standalone adverb, see “dro” (n) for directional phrases similar to English “on” in phrasal verbs like “keep on”, “come on”, “go on” |
proximity | hof | n | NL, merging Sindarin “ephel” (outer fence, surrounding ring) < Noldorin “hebel” (fence) < Gnomish “heb” (around, about) with AO “oth” interpretated as “about, around” < Etym. “OS” | any territory in close proximity, not necessary outside the borders like “outskirts” or “suburb”; uncountable |
proximity | mush | n | LOS (“nearly”) < MB, SV “mûsh” (close, next to, near, at) | |
queue | hîlurm | n | NL, see “hîl-” | |
range | ting | n | NL < Noldorin “tî” < Etym. “TEÑ” (line, row) | |
rank | ting | n | NL < Noldorin “tî” < Etym. “TEÑ” (line, row) | |
rear | krûm | n | NL < LOS “krum”, changed to avoid ambiguity with suffix “-um”; see also “krut” | |
rear | krûmûrz | adj | NL, see “krûm” | use superlative suffix to clarify meanings like “rearmost”, “sternmost” |
rearward | krûmûrz | adj | NL, see “krûm” | use superlative suffix to clarify meanings like “rearmost”, “sternmost” |
remote | baubûrz | adj | HG “baub” (cf.) | |
remoteness | baub | n | HG (prep) | see also “gâb” |
right (into) | tîr | adv | LOS; probably from Gnomish “tîr”; compare with Quenya “téra” < Etym. “TEGH” (line, direction), “TEÑ” (line, row) | points to direction, used with nouns in Illative case |
right (side) | forg | n | NL < Quenya “forya” (dexter) < Etym. “PHOR” | add -ûrz suffix to transform into adjective; use locative cases with noun to make it adverbial |
road | mong | n | DS; probably from Quenya and Sindarin “men” (way) | in Nûrlâm like any path (including hardly passable) |
road | mûl | n | LOS < Quenya “malle” (street, road) < “MBAL” | in Nûrlâm more like wide, easily visible path |
route | mûl | n | LOS < Quenya “malle” (street, road) < “MBAL” | in Nûrlâm more like wide, easily visible path |
row | ting | n | NL < Noldorin “tî” < Etym. “TEÑ” (line, row) | |
scatter | bûsn- | v | SV | to move smth./self onto all directions, over huge area, etc. двигать(ся) в разные стороны, по большой территории и т. п. |
sequence | hîlurm | n | NL, see “hîl-” | |
serie | hîlurm | n | NL, see “hîl-” | |
serie | ting | n | NL < Noldorin “tî” < Etym. “TEÑ” (line, row) | |
side | ramb | n | ZA | |
since then | zîgilah | pro | NL < “zîg” + “in” + “ah” (see corresponding articles) | only about time; in Modern analytical style should be replaced with “lazil” or “ghâr zîgil” |
site | sazg | n | NL, merging Sindarin “sad” (place, spot) with LOS “stazg”< SV < Icelandic “staður”? | |
somewhere | inmûd | pro | NL, see “in” and “mûd” | |
South | hard | n | NL < Sindarin “Harad” < Etym. “KHYAR” (left) | uncountable |
spoor | rîn | n | NL < Noldorin “rhein”, Quenya “runya” | |
spot | sazg | n | NL, merging Sindarin “sad” (place, spot) with LOS “stazg”< SV < Icelandic “staður”? | |
spread | bûsn- | v | SV | to move smth./self onto all directions, over huge area, etc. двигать(ся) в разные стороны, по большой территории и т. п. |
stern | krûm | n | NL < LOS “krum”, changed to avoid ambiguity with suffix “-um”; see also “krut” | |
straight (into) | tîr | adv | LOS; probably from Gnomish “tîr”; compare with Quenya “téra” < Etym. “TEGH” (line, direction), “TEÑ” (line, row) | points to direction, used with nouns in Illative case |
streak | shak | n | ZA; compare with Sindarin “taeg” (boundary, limit) < Primitive Elvish “taika” | |
street | mûl | n | LOS < Quenya “malle” (street, road) < “MBAL” | in Nûrlâm more like wide, easily visible path |
strew | bûsn- | v | SV | to move smth./self onto all directions, over huge area, etc. двигать(ся) в разные стороны, по большой территории и т. п. |
strip | shak | n | ZA; compare with Sindarin “taeg” (boundary, limit) < Primitive Elvish “taika” | |
stripe | shak | n | ZA; compare with Sindarin “taeg” (boundary, limit) < Primitive Elvish “taika” | |
suburb | hof | n | NL, merging Sindarin “ephel” (outer fence, surrounding ring) < Noldorin “hebel” (fence) < Gnomish “heb” (around, about) with AO “oth” interpretated as “about, around” < Etym. “OS” | any territory in close proximity, not necessary outside the borders like “outskirts” or “suburb”; uncountable |
summit | maizg | n | NL, merging MERP “maj” (top) < Albanian with Qenya “aikale”, “aikasse”, Noldorin “oegas”, “aiglir” (mountain peak) < Etym. “AYAK” (sharp); compare with “maig” | upper point of mountain, structure |
surroundings | hof | n | NL, merging Sindarin “ephel” (outer fence, surrounding ring) < Noldorin “hebel” (fence) < Gnomish “heb” (around, about) with AO “oth” interpretated as “about, around” < Etym. “OS” | any territory in close proximity, not necessary outside the borders like “outskirts” or “suburb”; uncountable |
that place | zîgin | pro | NL < “zîg” + “in” (see corresponding articles) | |
thence | zîgilah | pro | NL < “zîg” + “in” + “ah” (see corresponding articles) | only about time; in Modern analytical style should be replaced with “lazil” or “ghâr zîgil” |
thence | zîginah | pro | NL < “zîg” + “in” + “ah” (see corresponding articles) | only about location |
thenceforth | zîgilah | pro | NL < “zîg” + “in” + “ah” (see corresponding articles) | only about time; in Modern analytical style should be replaced with “lazil” or “ghâr zîgil” |
thenceforward | zîgilah | pro | NL < “zîg” + “in” + “ah” (see corresponding articles) | only about time; in Modern analytical style should be replaced with “lazil” or “ghâr zîgil” |
there | tîg | pro | SV, all major dialects, “atîg” (over there), probably from Albanian “atje” (there) | dialectical, only in Colloquial speech (“zîgin” in Standard language) |
there | zîgin | pro | NL < “zîg” + “in” (see corresponding articles) | |
thereafter | zîgilah | pro | NL < “zîg” + “in” + “ah” (see corresponding articles) | only about time; in Modern analytical style should be replaced with “lazil” or “ghâr zîgil” |
therefrom | zîginah | pro | NL < “zîg” + “in” + “ah” (see corresponding articles) | only about location |
thereto | zîginu | pro | NL < “zîg” + “in” + “-u” (see corresponding articles) | only about direction |
this far | zinu | pro | NL < “za” + “in” + “u” (see corresponding articles) | only about direction |
this place | zin | pro | NL < “za” + “in” (see corresponding articles) | |
thither | zîgilu | pro | NL < “zîg” + “in” + “-u” (see corresponding articles) | only about time; in Modern analytical style should be replaced with “zi zîgil” or just “zi” |
thither | zîginu | pro | NL < “zîg” + “in” + “-u” (see corresponding articles) | only about direction |
through | as | postp | LOS | use with object in accusative case |
through | tuk | postp | LOS | use with objects in instrumental case; may be replaced with just instrumental case |
tip (of piercing weapon) | maizg | n | NL, merging MERP “maj” (top) < Albanian with Qenya “aikale”, “aikasse”, Noldorin “oegas”, “aiglir” (mountain peak) < Etym. “AYAK” (sharp); compare with “maig” | upper point of mountain, structure |
to | u | postp | TK, DBS, LOTR, OC; was used as preposition | allative case suffix |
to | zu | postp | see “u” | allative case suffix after vowel |
to that (place) | zîginu | pro | NL < “zîg” + “in” + “-u” (see corresponding articles) | only about direction |
to that (time) | zîgilu | pro | NL < “zîg” + “in” + “-u” (see corresponding articles) | only about time; in Modern analytical style should be replaced with “zi zîgil” or just “zi” |
to there | zîginu | pro | NL < “zîg” + “in” + “-u” (see corresponding articles) | only about direction |
to this place | zinu | pro | NL < “za” + “in” + “u” (see corresponding articles) | only about direction |
to where | aminu | pro | NL, see “amin”, “-u” | only relative; see “minu” for question particle |
to where? | minu | pro | NL, see “amin”, “-u” | only about location; only interrogative (in questions); see “aminu” for relative counterpart |
top (side) | talm | n | NL < EL “tala” (above, over) | |
towards | u | postp | TK, DBS, LOTR, OC; was used as preposition | allative case suffix |
towards | zu | postp | see “u” | allative case suffix after vowel |
trace | rîn | n | NL < Noldorin “rhein”, Quenya “runya” | |
track | rîn | n | NL < Noldorin “rhein”, Quenya “runya” | |
trail | mong | n | DS; probably from Quenya and Sindarin “men” (way) | in Nûrlâm like any path (including hardly passable) |
trail | mûl | n | LOS < Quenya “malle” (street, road) < “MBAL” | in Nûrlâm more like wide, easily visible path |
turn | kurg- | v | NL, merging Quenya “quer” (to turn) with LOS “rag-” < SV and with Quenya “corna” (round) < Etym. “KOR”; similarity with Russian “круг” [krug̊] is accidental | also about changing form |
under | lata | prep | EL, the word “tala” reversed or Etym. “LAD”, “LAT” (flat) | use with objects in accusative case |
underneath | dhu | adv | HG (downward); compare with Etym. “NDU” (go down, sink) from which PN “Númenór” came (sink > sunset > West > West-land), also “NŪ”, “UNU” (down, underneath) | |
up | ghu | adv | NL < DS “ghûr-” (BS, to rise), “ghûr” (SOW, tall) < Sindarin PN “Belegûr” (Mighty Arising), translation of name Melkor, however it should be splitted as “beleg” + “ōre” < Etym. “ORO” (up, high, rise), “RŌ” (to rise); modified in analogy with HG “dhu” (down) | only as standalone adverb, see “tala” for preposition |
up the (…) | tala | prep | EL; ? probably from Etym. “TÂ, TAGH-” (high, lofty) or “TALAM” (floor, base) or “DAL” (flat) | use with objects in accusative case |
upon | u | postp | TK, DBS, LOTR, OC; was used as preposition | allative case suffix |
upon | zu | postp | see “u” | allative case suffix after vowel |
upside | ghu | adv | NL < DS “ghûr-” (BS, to rise), “ghûr” (SOW, tall) < Sindarin PN “Belegûr” (Mighty Arising), translation of name Melkor, however it should be splitted as “beleg” + “ōre” < Etym. “ORO” (up, high, rise), “RŌ” (to rise); modified in analogy with HG “dhu” (down) | only as standalone adverb, see “tala” for preposition |
upwards | ghu | adv | NL < DS “ghûr-” (BS, to rise), “ghûr” (SOW, tall) < Sindarin PN “Belegûr” (Mighty Arising), translation of name Melkor, however it should be splitted as “beleg” + “ōre” < Etym. “ORO” (up, high, rise), “RŌ” (to rise); modified in analogy with HG “dhu” (down) | only as standalone adverb, see “tala” for preposition |
vestige | rîn | n | NL < Noldorin “rhein”, Quenya “runya” | |
vicinity | hof | n | NL, merging Sindarin “ephel” (outer fence, surrounding ring) < Noldorin “hebel” (fence) < Gnomish “heb” (around, about) with AO “oth” interpretated as “about, around” < Etym. “OS” | any territory in close proximity, not necessary outside the borders like “outskirts” or “suburb”; uncountable |
vicinity | mush | n | LOS (“nearly”) < MB, SV “mûsh” (close, next to, near, at) | |
way | mong | n | DS; probably from Quenya and Sindarin “men” (way) | in Nûrlâm like any path (including hardly passable) |
way | mûl | n | LOS < Quenya “malle” (street, road) < “MBAL” | in Nûrlâm more like wide, easily visible path |
West | dhûnsh | n | NL < PN “Númenór”, Quenya “Andúnë”, “númen”, Sindarin “dûn”, “annûn”, Adûnaic “adûn(i)”, Westron self-name “Adûni”, all from Etym. “NDŪ” (go down, sink); modified in analogy with LOS “ghânsh” (East) < HG “ghan” | uncountable |
whence | aminah | pro | NL, see “amin”, “ah” | 1) after location 2) between action and result 3) between reason and consequences |
whence? | minah | pro | NL, see “mash”, “in”, “ah” | only about location; only interrogative (in questions); see “aminah” for relative counterpart |
where | amin | pro | NL, see “mash”, “in” | only relative; see “min” for question particle |
where from? | minah | pro | NL, see “mash”, “in”, “ah” | only about location; only interrogative (in questions); see “aminah” for relative counterpart |
where? | min | pro | NL, see “mash”, “in” | only interrogative (in questions); see “amin” for relative counterpart |
whereto | aminu | pro | NL, see “amin”, “-u” | only relative; see “minu” for question particle |
wherever | minkon | pro | NL, see “min”, “kon” | only with interrogative (questions) and dubitative moods |
whither | aminu | pro | NL, see “amin”, “-u” | only relative; see “minu” for question particle |
whither? | minu | pro | NL, see “amin”, “-u” | only about location; only interrogative (in questions); see “aminu” for relative counterpart |
wing (of army formation or building) | ramb | n | ZA | |
within | ishi | postp | TK, CBS, LOTR, RI; Quenya locative case ending “-ssë” | Illative case suffix. Motion inside place or object |
within | shi | postp | see “ishi” | Illative case suffix after vowel. Motion inside place, object or static presence inside one place |
within (place) | nâd | adv | NL, merging MERP “nâdar” (amongst) < Albanian with Primitive Elvish “ndē̆” (inside) < Etym. (AC) “(N)DI”; see also “nod” | used only as standalone adverb; see “nâd” (n) for direction words |