Verbs: past tense. More adverbs

It's hard to express thoughts using only present tense of the verbs. You need past tense to talk about things that already happened. To put the verb into the past tense, the suffix -uz- should be inserted between word's root and 3rd person ending. For example:

• ak (to stab)
• farb (to chase, hunt)
• ghur (to die)
• grush (to hit, strike, punch)
• kramp (to do, make)
• lal (to laugh)
• lûmp (to fall)
• rong (to dig)
• ronk (pit, pool)

Some adverbs may be helpful in describing the past:

• dok (already, before, previously)
• nokhar (again)
• ûn (new) ⇒ ûnarz (just, recently)

Past tense in Nûrlâm also substitutes English Present Perfect tense (actions that already happened but in the still lasting time interval). Example: “The dwarf has just fallen” should be translated as “Gazatum lûmpuzâ ûnarz” (you don't translate “have/has”).

Translate into Nûrlâm:

1. demons made some sorcery again
2. filthy dwarves heard this
3. four dragons escaped
4. orcs hunted the elves
5. shit stank
6. the bee made a new pile
7. the pain stopped
8. the slayer stabbed the slave
9. the strong warrior stroke the fat troll
10. this human already died

Translate from Nûrlâm:

1. agh burzum lûmpuzâ
2. golug shoguzû saubumûk
3. golugûrz mau skâtuzû lad
4. graz nîn ugluzâ krig nazgûl
5. lagum grishuzâ za hrau
6. ologum laluzâ
7. rogum ronguzâ ash ronk
8. tug ghor thrakuzâ mik zrî
9. uruk ghâshuzû nîr goim
10. ûzûl uruk throkhuzâ karn âps ûnarz

• All lessons
• Lesson "Verbs: commands and imperatives"
• Lesson "Verbs: present tense, 3rd person endings. Simple sentences"
• Lesson "Verbs: aspects"
• Grammar of verbs