Feature | Infinitive | Gerundive |
forming suffix | -ut | -at |
Grammatical categories |
Future tense | ✘ | ✔ |
Passive voice | ✘ | ✔1) |
Mood | ✘2) | ✔3) |
Roles in the sentence |
Subject | ✔ | ✘ |
Object | ✔ | ✘ |
Main verb of compound predicate | ✔ | ✘ |
Main verb of impersonal sentence | ✔4) | ✔5) |
Predicative6) | ✘ | ✔ |
Attributive7) | ✘ | ✔ |
Adverbial | ✘ | ✔ |
Semantics |
purpose (“in order to” either implied or explicit, answers to questions with “why?”) | ✘ | ✔ |
intention (“be about to”, “be going to”) | ✘ | ✔ |
necessity (after impersonal sentences like “it's necessary” or “it's important”, without modal verbs) | ✘ | ✔ |
habits (“used to”) | ✘8) | ✘9) |
expression of strong advice in current circumstances “had better” and personal preferences “would rather”, do not have direct correspondence in Nûrlâm, but infinitives and gerundives may be used to translate them | ✘10) | ✘11) |
commands and strong advices to explicit person, e.g. after verbs like “command”, “order”, “demand”, “insist”, “request”, “recommend”, “propose”, “suggest”, “expect”, “advice” etc. (Jussive modality) | ✘ | ✔ |
desires and wishes to another person to do an action, e.g. after verbs like “want”, “wish”, “expect”, “wait” smb. to do smth. | ✘ | ✔ |
conditional phrases like “to be honest”, “to think” with conjunction “if” (usually omitted in English) and other parts (when future tense is implied) | ✘ | ✔ |