It's time to start forming a simple sentences! But it's not possible without proper use of verbs. Verbs are the most complex topic in Nûrlâm, but in simple sentences they are quite simple too.

In the lesson about nouns it was said that nouns do not have grammatical number in Nûrlâm. However the verbs do! In English only the 3rd person singular verbs in present tense receive additional ending -(e)s. In Nûrlâm plural verbs also get their own suffix:

Moreover, these exact suffixes are used with past and future tenses, too.

Nûrlâm has only three tenses: present, past and future. It makes no distinction between Simple, Continuous, Perfect and Perfect Continuous tenses. However, the distinction may be made with grammatical category of aspect, which we leave for future lessons. Also, English Present Perfect tense is translated with past tense of Nûrlâm, which we also will study later.

Present tense doesn't require any suffix marker in Nûrlâm, just like commands, but verbs in present (or any other) tense may receive many other grammatical suffixes (like 3rd person suffixes we learned just now).

Present tense in Nûrlâm is used to express:

• actions going at the moment of speaking (e.g. “orc is eating”);
• regular actions that didn't stop to happen;
• general truths (like “orcs eat”)

So, let's make our first basic statements using the rules we just learned. Let's start with words “orc” (uruk) and “eat” (throkh-). When you combine verb roots with suffices, you shouldn't write hyphens.

Adding articles, numerals, adjectives or quantifier words doesn't change the verb's suffix:

Like with commands, when using the noun as object of the sentence, it's grammatical form isn't changed. For example: “orcs eat meat” ⇒ “uruk throkhû âps”.

As you can see from examples above, there is no need in clarifying the grammatical number of subject, as it's verb takes it instead. However articles, exact numbers or quantifier words are necessary for objects.

• âps (cooked meat, flesh)¹⁾
• durb (to rule, force, control)
• gazat (dwarf)
• khlâr (to hear)
• mazg (bread)²⁾
• pushd (to stink)
• rog (demon)
• shog (to drink)
• skoir (to fly)
• ugl (to frighten, scare)

Translate into Nûrlâm:

1. an orc is coming
2. demon flies
3. dwarves stink
4. elves eat bread
5. orcs drink blood
6. nine wraiths are scaring these humans
7. scary trolls hear the filthy dwarves
8. the dragon rules this mountain
9. the slaves escape
10. the warrior kills a troll

Translate into English:

1. dog durbâ
2. golug shogâ mûd saub
3. ink hûr uruk maukû krâk gazat
4. mauh krimpâ za snaga
5. noi nakhû
6. rod binâ
7. skri shra throgû za nazg
8. tark grishû ûzûl taum
9. tarkum throkhâ âps
10. za shra gashnâ

• All lessons
• Lesson "Verbs: commands and imperatives"
• Lesson "Verbs: past tense. More adverbs"
• Lesson "Verbs: aspects"
• Grammar of verbs